地震作用下的滑坡稳定性分析
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摘要
地震滑坡因其巨大的致灾力而广泛引起人们的关注，仅20世纪，地震滑坡已经造成了数万人丧生和几十亿美元的损失。地震滑坡一直是困扰土木工程界的一个世界性技术难题，其发生和发展过程与很多因素有关，至今尚未得到根本解决。
本文在广泛吸取国内外地震作用下滑坡稳定分析研究经验的基础上，通过地震滑坡分区，分析了地震滑坡与地震震级、震中距、震源深度的关系，并研究了地震对滑坡的影响机理。
在对西攀高速公路沿线滑坡进行全面调查的基础上，运用地震危险分析，确定了地震烈度的分区，给出了滑坡灾势评估。对全线滑坡工点进行调查，找出与工程密切相关的15处滑坡，确定Ⅷ度地震区以德昌滑坡为典型分析对象，Ⅶ度地震区以米易滑坡为典型分析对象。
通过定量分析地震力和滑坡稳定性之间的关系，对地震作用下滑坡稳定性分析进行研究。以地震加速度作为反映地震荷载的主要因素，以德昌、米易滑坡为例，基于有限元理论，开展了地震作用下滑坡的动力学分析，运用GEO—SLOPE软件模拟地震对滑坡的影响机制，用QUAKE／W模块分析软件进行求解，研究滑坡稳定性的变化规律。主要内容包括：运用GEO—SLOPE软件，获得了米易电力公司滑坡、德昌滑坡在不同地震加速度作用下的安全系数随时程的变化曲线；在此基础上对两个滑坡在自然状态和采取排水措施两种情况下的计算结果进行了比较，讨论并分析了地震对滑坡稳定性的影响，从而对工程设计措施提出技术建议。这些工作可为滑坡的抗震设计提供理论依据和指导。
通过对地震区米易、德昌滑坡的两年GPS外部变形监测，提出了地震区滑坡稳定性监测的原则和方法。
Earthquake-induced landslide has got people's attention because of its huge disaster strength. Only in 20th century, the earthquake-induced landslide had resulted tens of thousands lives loss and several thousands US dollars losses. Earthquake-induced landslide has always been a worldwide difficult problem in the civil engineering, which is related with many factors and haven't been solved its occurrence and development.
Based on the previous study on the stability of landslide induced by the earthquake, through zoning the earthquake-induced landslide, in this paper the author studies the relation between the earthquake-induced landslide and seismic parameter, the influence mechanism and factors of earthquake to landslide.
With the widespread investigation to landslide along the highway route from Xichang to Panzhihua, through the analysis of the risk of earthquake along the route, the author made out the evaluation on the earthquake-induced landslide along the highway and gave the zonal spot of earthquake intensity. Through the investigation to landslides along the route, the author chose 15 landslides which are related closely with engineering, the author chose Dechang landslide as the typical object of Ⅷ dgree and Miyi landslide as Ⅶ degree.
Through the studying on landslide stability induced by earthquake and qualitativly analyzing the relation between the landslide stability and seismic force, the author found the destructive phenomenon of earthquake was not appearing or developing as constant force, but was related closely to earthquake acceleration. The aim of this paper consists in the method to analyze the landslide stability induced by earthquake and to find out the effective measure to prevent landslide's occurence.
Based on the finite element theory, through using GEO-SLOPE software to modify the influence mechanism of earthquake to landslide and the rule of landslide stability, the author built the dynamics analysis model of landslide and took Dechang landslide as example, used QUAKE/W module software to
本文在广泛吸取国内外地震作用下滑坡稳定分析研究经验的基础上，通过地震滑坡分区，分析了地震滑坡与地震震级、震中距、震源深度的关系，并研究了地震对滑坡的影响机理。
在对西攀高速公路沿线滑坡进行全面调查的基础上，运用地震危险分析，确定了地震烈度的分区，给出了滑坡灾势评估。对全线滑坡工点进行调查，找出与工程密切相关的15处滑坡，确定Ⅷ度地震区以德昌滑坡为典型分析对象，Ⅶ度地震区以米易滑坡为典型分析对象。
通过定量分析地震力和滑坡稳定性之间的关系，对地震作用下滑坡稳定性分析进行研究。以地震加速度作为反映地震荷载的主要因素，以德昌、米易滑坡为例，基于有限元理论，开展了地震作用下滑坡的动力学分析，运用GEO—SLOPE软件模拟地震对滑坡的影响机制，用QUAKE／W模块分析软件进行求解，研究滑坡稳定性的变化规律。主要内容包括：运用GEO—SLOPE软件，获得了米易电力公司滑坡、德昌滑坡在不同地震加速度作用下的安全系数随时程的变化曲线；在此基础上对两个滑坡在自然状态和采取排水措施两种情况下的计算结果进行了比较，讨论并分析了地震对滑坡稳定性的影响，从而对工程设计措施提出技术建议。这些工作可为滑坡的抗震设计提供理论依据和指导。
通过对地震区米易、德昌滑坡的两年GPS外部变形监测，提出了地震区滑坡稳定性监测的原则和方法。
Earthquake-induced landslide has got people's attention because of its huge disaster strength. Only in 20th century, the earthquake-induced landslide had resulted tens of thousands lives loss and several thousands US dollars losses. Earthquake-induced landslide has always been a worldwide difficult problem in the civil engineering, which is related with many factors and haven't been solved its occurrence and development.
Based on the previous study on the stability of landslide induced by the earthquake, through zoning the earthquake-induced landslide, in this paper the author studies the relation between the earthquake-induced landslide and seismic parameter, the influence mechanism and factors of earthquake to landslide.
With the widespread investigation to landslide along the highway route from Xichang to Panzhihua, through the analysis of the risk of earthquake along the route, the author made out the evaluation on the earthquake-induced landslide along the highway and gave the zonal spot of earthquake intensity. Through the investigation to landslides along the route, the author chose 15 landslides which are related closely with engineering, the author chose Dechang landslide as the typical object of Ⅷ dgree and Miyi landslide as Ⅶ degree.
Through the studying on landslide stability induced by earthquake and qualitativly analyzing the relation between the landslide stability and seismic force, the author found the destructive phenomenon of earthquake was not appearing or developing as constant force, but was related closely to earthquake acceleration. The aim of this paper consists in the method to analyze the landslide stability induced by earthquake and to find out the effective measure to prevent landslide's occurence.
Based on the finite element theory, through using GEO-SLOPE software to modify the influence mechanism of earthquake to landslide and the rule of landslide stability, the author built the dynamics analysis model of landslide and took Dechang landslide as example, used QUAKE/W module software to
引文
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[2] 毛彦龙，胡广韬，赵法锁等．地震动触发滑坡体滑动的机理[J]．西安工程学院学报，1998，20(4)．
[3] 孙崇绍，蔡红卫．我国历史地震时滑坡崩塌的发育及分布特征[J]．自然灾害学报，1997，6(1)．
[4] 辛鸿博，王余庆．岩土边坡地震崩滑及其初判准则[J]．岩土工程学报，1999，21(5)．
[5] 周本刚，王裕明．中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征[J]．西北地震学报，1994，16(1)．
[6] 邹谨敞，邵顺妹，蒋荣发．古浪地震滑坡的分布规律和构造意义[J]．中国地震，1994，1(2)．
[7] 邹谨敞，邵顺妹，屈健鹏，等．北祁连东段及其邻区地震滑坡的基本特征和危险区预测[J]．高原地震，1996，8(2)．
[8] 耿庆国，戴广辉，李建一．科学意义上的地震预测及其国际争论情况浅述[C]．耿庆国主编．中国重大自然灾害综合预测专家研讨会文集．北京：地震出版社，1998．128．
[9] 黄建梁等．坡体地震稳定性的动态分析[J]．地震工程与工程振动 Vol．17，No．4 Dec，1997．
[10] 潘亨永等．小湾左岸坝前高边坡稳定性离心模型试验研究[J]．红水河 Vol．19，No．3，2000．
[11] 章为民等．砂性地层地震反应离心模型试验研究[J]．岩土工程学报 Vol．23 No．1．2001，1．
[12] 王家鼎等．地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究[J]．岩土工程学报 Vol．21 No．6．1999，11．
[13] 毛彦龙等《地震动触发滑坡体滑动的机理》西安工程学院学报 Vol．20 No．4．1998，12．
[14] 张克恭，刘松玉．土力学[M]．北京：中国建筑出版社，2000．
[15] 刘金韬，金晓媚，武强．地震液化饱和砂土层内部超静孔压理论分析[J]．工程勘察，2000，(5)：6-8．
[16] 朱大奎，王颖，陈方．环境地质学[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．
[17] 南京大学．工程地质学[M]．北京：地质出版社，1982．
[18] 陈孝培，甘德福．上海及周边地区高耸建筑物抗震设计中卓越周期的评价与选择[J]．上海地质，1997，(1)：49-54．
[19] 李忠生．地震动作用下滑坡稳定性分析[J]．水文地质工程地质，2004，2．
[20] 刘汉东．考虑地震历时影响的岩质边坡楔体稳定性分析与计算[J]．华北水利水电学院学报．1991，12(4)．
[21] 唐荣昌，韩渭宾．四川活动断裂与地震[M]．北京：地震出版社．1993．173．
[22] 辛鸿博，王余庆．岩土边坡地震崩滑及其初判原则[J]．岩土工程学报，1999，21(5)：91-594．
[23] 《四川地震资料汇编》编辑组．四川地震资料汇编(第一卷)[M]．成都：四川人民出版社．1980．
[24] 《四川地震资料汇编》编辑组．四川地震资料汇编(第二卷)[M]．成都：四川人民出版社．1981．
[25] 《四川地震资料汇编》编辑组．四川地震资料汇编(第三卷)[M]．成都：四川人民出版社．2000．
[26] 唐荣昌，韩渭宾．四川活动断裂与地震[M]．北京：地震出版社．1993．7477．
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