晚第四纪包头盆地古湖演化与环境变迁
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摘要
包头盆地位于内蒙古自治区中西部,是河套盆地的重要组成部分。晚更新世以来,该盆地经历了数次的湖泊扩涨与萎缩事件。堆积物主要发生了由湖相沉积向河流沉积的递变,环境变化巨大。本文选择包头盆地万水泉剖面作为研究对象,利用C-14测年技术对湖相沉积层进行年代测定,重建氧同位素第三阶段(MIS3阶段)包头盆地古湖变化与环境变迁历史,并对其驱动机制进行初步探讨。
通过研究分析,得出如下主要结论：
包头盆地万水泉剖面湖相沉积物测年数据表明,在晚第四纪50-80 KaB.P.间该区发生了2次湖泊扩涨与1次湖泊衰退事件。
1、60-50 Ka B.P.湖泊扩涨
在距今60-50 Ka B.P.间,包头盆地沉积了深灰色粉砂质粘土,富含有机质,构成典型湖相地层,是包头盆地古湖存在和发育的重要证据,指示了当时的环境为湿润。该层顶部年龄约50 Ka B.P.,结合河套盆地周缘湖岸堤年代,推断在60-50 Ka B.P.时期包头盆地发育深水大湖,与晚更新世的MIS3c阶段相对应。
2、50-37 Ka B.P.河流发育
尽管缺乏该层的测年材料,但是其上层的粘土沉积物的年代数据为37.952±0.827 Ka B.P.,以此推断,该层的沉积年代为50-37 Ka B.P.。该阶段地层主要堆积黄色砂砾,磨圆度较好,砂粒较均匀,间夹有砾石和卵石,是典型的河流沉积,这表明该地区古湖严重衰退,湖面下降,河流发育。该阶段与MIS3b阶段对应。
3、37-30 Ka B.P.湖泊重新发育
该层底部和顶部的界线年龄分别为37.952±0.827Ka B.P.和30.429±0.358Ka B.P.。在37-30Ka B.P.阶段,地层主要堆积浅灰色砂质粘土,并发育水平微层理,是典型的湖相沉积层,指示此阶段湖泊再次发育,且环境湿润,该地层属于MIS3a阶段的沉积物。在MIS3晚期阶段,该剖面地层特征显示,包头盆地重新发育古湖泊。结合已有研究,包头盆地可能存在连续性古湖泊,其面积可能小于MIS3早期的古湖泊范围。
包头盆地万水泉剖面湖相沉积物测定的三个时段分析结果表明,MIS3时期古湖发育可能与当时的气候湿润有关,河流发育则与干旱气候相对应。包头盆地古湖演化可能不仅受到区域气候因素的制约,而且可能受到区域水系、构造运动、黄河演化(内蒙古段)等诸多因素的影响,需进一步研究确定。
Baotou Basin is located in central and western of Inner Mongolia, it's part of the Hetao Basin. Since the late Pleistocene, the geomorphic environment in the study area had experienced lake extension and shrinkage. Deposits were mainly altered from lake deposits into fluvial deposits,which shows that the changes of the environment were considerable. The paper selects Baotou Basin WanShuiQuan profile as the research object, dated the collected lake sediment samples collected by the C-14 dating techniques, rebuilded baotou basin ancient lake change and environmental change history of MIS3 stage, and discussed climate change of Baotou Basin rhythm and driving mechanism.
Through study and analysis, the main conclusions are as follow:Baotou Basin WanShuiQuan profile lake sediment dating data shows, in the late quaternary 50-30 Ka B.P., there were two lake developments and one lake recession event.
1、60-50 Ka B.P.lake extending phase
During 60-50 Ka B.P.period, Baotou Basin accumulated dark gray silty clay, which rich in organic matter, constituted the typical thick lacustrine strata. The lacustrine strata development is the important evidence of existence of Baotou Basin ancient lake; the dark gray silty clay reveals the wet climate at that time. The age of the top layer is about 50 Ka B.P., combined with the age of the shorelines at margin of the Loop basin, concluded that the deep-water ancient lake developed in Baotou Basin during 60-50 Ka B.P. period, corresponded with MIS3 stage of the Late Pleistocene.
2、50-37 Ka B.P. rivers developing phase
Despite the lack of dating materials of this layer, the age of upper clay of the sediment is 37.952±0.827 Ka B.P., so the age of this sedimentary layer is 50-37 Ka B.P.. The main accumulations of this layer are yellow gravel stratum, grinding roundness is better, sand is evener, interbedded with gravels and pebbles, which is the typical sedimentary characteristics, indicating a severe recession in the ancient lake, the lake shrinked and the river developed. This phase corresponded with the MIS3b stage.
3、37-30 Ka BP the lake re-developing phase
The top and bottom age of the layer are 37.952±0.827 Ka B.P.and 30.429±0.358 Ka B.P.. During this stage, the formation was mainly composed of light gray sandy clay, and the clay was subtle parallel bedding, which is the lacustrine sedimentary characteristics. Lake re-developed at this stage, light gray sandy clay sedimentary reflected the humid climate. the sedimentary strata are MIS3a stage Material. In late MIS3 stage the section strata characteristics showed the re-development of the ancient lake basin. Combined with existing research, there might be a continuity ancient lake occurred in Baotou Basin, the area may be smaller than the ancient lake in the early MIS3.
The measured results of Baotou Basin WanShuiQuan lake sediment profiles of three periods shows that the MIS3 period development of ancient lake may be related to wet climate, river development period was corresponded with dry climate. Lake environment evolution of Baotou Basin shows, ancient lake evolution may not only influenced by regional climate factors, but also are likely to be influenced by regional water system, tectonic movement, the Yellow River evolution (Inner Mongolia section) and so on, which need further study.
通过研究分析,得出如下主要结论：
包头盆地万水泉剖面湖相沉积物测年数据表明,在晚第四纪50-80 KaB.P.间该区发生了2次湖泊扩涨与1次湖泊衰退事件。
1、60-50 Ka B.P.湖泊扩涨
在距今60-50 Ka B.P.间,包头盆地沉积了深灰色粉砂质粘土,富含有机质,构成典型湖相地层,是包头盆地古湖存在和发育的重要证据,指示了当时的环境为湿润。该层顶部年龄约50 Ka B.P.,结合河套盆地周缘湖岸堤年代,推断在60-50 Ka B.P.时期包头盆地发育深水大湖,与晚更新世的MIS3c阶段相对应。
2、50-37 Ka B.P.河流发育
尽管缺乏该层的测年材料,但是其上层的粘土沉积物的年代数据为37.952±0.827 Ka B.P.,以此推断,该层的沉积年代为50-37 Ka B.P.。该阶段地层主要堆积黄色砂砾,磨圆度较好,砂粒较均匀,间夹有砾石和卵石,是典型的河流沉积,这表明该地区古湖严重衰退,湖面下降,河流发育。该阶段与MIS3b阶段对应。
3、37-30 Ka B.P.湖泊重新发育
该层底部和顶部的界线年龄分别为37.952±0.827Ka B.P.和30.429±0.358Ka B.P.。在37-30Ka B.P.阶段,地层主要堆积浅灰色砂质粘土,并发育水平微层理,是典型的湖相沉积层,指示此阶段湖泊再次发育,且环境湿润,该地层属于MIS3a阶段的沉积物。在MIS3晚期阶段,该剖面地层特征显示,包头盆地重新发育古湖泊。结合已有研究,包头盆地可能存在连续性古湖泊,其面积可能小于MIS3早期的古湖泊范围。
包头盆地万水泉剖面湖相沉积物测定的三个时段分析结果表明,MIS3时期古湖发育可能与当时的气候湿润有关,河流发育则与干旱气候相对应。包头盆地古湖演化可能不仅受到区域气候因素的制约,而且可能受到区域水系、构造运动、黄河演化(内蒙古段)等诸多因素的影响,需进一步研究确定。
Baotou Basin is located in central and western of Inner Mongolia, it's part of the Hetao Basin. Since the late Pleistocene, the geomorphic environment in the study area had experienced lake extension and shrinkage. Deposits were mainly altered from lake deposits into fluvial deposits,which shows that the changes of the environment were considerable. The paper selects Baotou Basin WanShuiQuan profile as the research object, dated the collected lake sediment samples collected by the C-14 dating techniques, rebuilded baotou basin ancient lake change and environmental change history of MIS3 stage, and discussed climate change of Baotou Basin rhythm and driving mechanism.
Through study and analysis, the main conclusions are as follow:Baotou Basin WanShuiQuan profile lake sediment dating data shows, in the late quaternary 50-30 Ka B.P., there were two lake developments and one lake recession event.
1、60-50 Ka B.P.lake extending phase
During 60-50 Ka B.P.period, Baotou Basin accumulated dark gray silty clay, which rich in organic matter, constituted the typical thick lacustrine strata. The lacustrine strata development is the important evidence of existence of Baotou Basin ancient lake; the dark gray silty clay reveals the wet climate at that time. The age of the top layer is about 50 Ka B.P., combined with the age of the shorelines at margin of the Loop basin, concluded that the deep-water ancient lake developed in Baotou Basin during 60-50 Ka B.P. period, corresponded with MIS3 stage of the Late Pleistocene.
2、50-37 Ka B.P. rivers developing phase
Despite the lack of dating materials of this layer, the age of upper clay of the sediment is 37.952±0.827 Ka B.P., so the age of this sedimentary layer is 50-37 Ka B.P.. The main accumulations of this layer are yellow gravel stratum, grinding roundness is better, sand is evener, interbedded with gravels and pebbles, which is the typical sedimentary characteristics, indicating a severe recession in the ancient lake, the lake shrinked and the river developed. This phase corresponded with the MIS3b stage.
3、37-30 Ka BP the lake re-developing phase
The top and bottom age of the layer are 37.952±0.827 Ka B.P.and 30.429±0.358 Ka B.P.. During this stage, the formation was mainly composed of light gray sandy clay, and the clay was subtle parallel bedding, which is the lacustrine sedimentary characteristics. Lake re-developed at this stage, light gray sandy clay sedimentary reflected the humid climate. the sedimentary strata are MIS3a stage Material. In late MIS3 stage the section strata characteristics showed the re-development of the ancient lake basin. Combined with existing research, there might be a continuity ancient lake occurred in Baotou Basin, the area may be smaller than the ancient lake in the early MIS3.
The measured results of Baotou Basin WanShuiQuan lake sediment profiles of three periods shows that the MIS3 period development of ancient lake may be related to wet climate, river development period was corresponded with dry climate. Lake environment evolution of Baotou Basin shows, ancient lake evolution may not only influenced by regional climate factors, but also are likely to be influenced by regional water system, tectonic movement, the Yellow River evolution (Inner Mongolia section) and so on, which need further study.
引文
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