彭水、都匀两地寒武纪软舌螺研究
摘要
软舌螺类化石是早期骨骼化石动物群中的重要组成部分,自1840年Eichwald创立软舌螺属Hyoliths到现在,软舌螺的研究已经有170多年的历史。它多以坚硬的矿化骨骼保存在古生代地层中,其硬体部分包括锥壳、口盖和一对附肢。本文主要针对重庆彭水,贵州都匀两地所采集的碳酸盐岩石中的磷酸盐化的软舌螺口盖和锥壳化石进行分析和讨论。共报道了9属14个种的软舌螺化石,其中包括1个新种,2个未定种。依据来自两地的软舌螺化石标本,我们验证了软舌螺类存在着从直管螺到软舌螺,从简单结构到复杂结构的进化历程。证实了本文的研究地区彭水,都匀所处的软舌螺进化阶段：彭水为第三阶段,都匀为第六阶段；初步剖析了软舌螺锥壳和口盖具有双层的构造。并明确提出主突起具有分叉结构；另外因口盖类标本保存较好,首次提出了软舌螺口盖中的锁骨数目具有增多发育的现象。这些为解决软舌螺类化石的归属问题以及了解软舌螺口盖的基本结构、构造,相关生理功能生物学作用提供了新的思路。
Hyoliths, ranging from the earliest Cambrian to the Permian, are abundant in the Palaeozoic metazoa with an external skeleton consisting of a conch, an operculum and may include a pair of long, logarithmically curved "spines" called helens protruding between the conch and operculum. Conch is easy to preserve, so the classification of hyoliths always dependent on the structure of conch.And these helens arerarely preserved, and have therefore remained poorly known and enigmatic. By comparison, although Opercula remained more known, but the microstructure of the hyolithid operculum has little been reported. Based on well preserved operculum fossils, we analyzed that the conch and operculum with a double layer structure, the development of the clavicle and the bifurcation of the cardinal process.
Hyoliths, ranging from the earliest Cambrian to the Permian, are abundant in the Palaeozoic metazoa with an external skeleton consisting of a conch, an operculum and may include a pair of long, logarithmically curved "spines" called helens protruding between the conch and operculum. Conch is easy to preserve, so the classification of hyoliths always dependent on the structure of conch.And these helens arerarely preserved, and have therefore remained poorly known and enigmatic. By comparison, although Opercula remained more known, but the microstructure of the hyolithid operculum has little been reported. Based on well preserved operculum fossils, we analyzed that the conch and operculum with a double layer structure, the development of the clavicle and the bifurcation of the cardinal process.
引文
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钱逸,尹恭正,肖兵,2000.新疆下寒武统玉尔吐斯组软舌螺口盖和口盖状化石.微体古生物学报,17:404—415.
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袁训来,王启飞,张昀,1993:贵州瓮安磷矿晚前寒武纪陡山沱期的藻类化石群.微体古生物学报10(4)： 409-420.
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Berg-Madsen, V. and Malinky, J. M.1999. A revision of Holm's Late Mid and Middle Cambrian hyoliths of Sweden. Palaeontology 42:841-885.
Chen, J.-Y. and Teichert, C.1983. Cambrian cephalopods. Geology 11:647-650.
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