三种除草剂对核桃幼苗生理生化影响的研究
摘要
为了进一步完善苗圃化学除草技术，尽量减少除草剂对苗木的不良影响，提高苗木生产质量，本实验针对核桃苗圃的杂草防除，施用三种常用除草剂，通过对各药剂三种浓度处理下核桃树苗叶片内叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量(MDA)、可溶性糖含量及生长量的测定，来研究三种除草剂对核桃幼苗生长发育的影响。实验结果表明：(1)三种除草剂在常用浓度下对核桃苗各生理指标及生长量的影响均存在显著差异，其中对各项生理生化指标及生长量的影响以莠去津为最大，骠马次之，盖草能最小。(2)骠马对核桃幼苗的叶绿素含量、MDA、可溶性糖含量及生长量的影响不大，其中高浓度(5ml／l)处理仅在喷药后10—15天对核桃苗生长具有抑制作用，中浓度(2.5ml／l)及低浓度(1.25ml／l)的处理仅在喷药后5天作用明显，但不存在显著差异。(3)莠去津对核桃幼苗的叶绿素含量、MDA、可溶性糖含量及生长量的影响，在各浓度间存在显著差异，其中高浓度(13g／l)对生长量的抑制作用最明显，最高抑制率高达43.4％，且随着浓度的降低，抑制作用也明显减小；对其它生理指标的影响，也以高浓度为最大，中浓度、低浓度次之。(4)盖草能对核桃幼苗生长量的影响，在整个测定生长量过程中，各处理间存在显著差异，高浓度(3.2ml／l)前期抑制作用明显，后期逐渐减弱，中浓度(1.6ml／l)、低浓度(0.8ml／l)前期表现抑制，后期则有明显的促进生长作用；对各生理指标的影响，其中高浓度、中浓度在处理后10天内有抑制作用，且存在差异，低浓度却表现异常，各生理指标均比对照高。
试验结果表明：在核桃苗圃使用骠马，应于萌芽前后5天施用，但浓度不应高于5ml／l；施用莠去津时，在苗木萌芽之前，建议采用13g／l喷雾或土壤处理，在发芽后施用时，采用浓度为6.5g／l，或者按常用浓度施用时，对苗木应采取保护措施；对盖草能的施用，在常用浓度下很安全，可以放心使用。
In order to improve the technology of chemical weed control in forestry and avoid the bad effect, herbicides were used in trees and they can make the trees better .Three kinds of nursery herbicides were used in the nursery. Growth, Chlorophyll, MDA, Soluble sugar were determined to use under three treatment of different medicament. The results showed (1) Growth and the other physiological indexes have evident differences among three kinds of herbicides, when they were used in normal density .The biggest controlling effect is Atrozine, the lest is Haloxyfop. (2) The influence of Fenoxaprop on the J.regia.L is little including Growth, Chlorophyll, MDA, Soluble sugar. BI has the controlling effect when it used after 10-15 days ; BII and BIII have evident effects when it treated after 5 days .All are not evident differences. (3) Atrazine affects all physiological indexes and all treatments are markedly different. YI has the best evident controlling effect of the growth, and the biggest controlling rate is 43.4%. With the density decreased, the controlling effect is also decreasing. YI is the largest among three treatment in all physiological indexes .YII is larger and YIII is the lest. (4) During the whole determined course , the effect of growth is evidently difference in all treatment. The controlling effect of GI is evident in prophase, and it decreases in the later . When considered about the other physiological indexes ,GI and GII have controlling effect and difference before 10 days ,GIII is abnormal, all indexes are higher than CK.
The result demonstrated that some means of herbicides were used in the J.regia.L nursery. Fenoxaprop was used when the J.regia.L germinates before or after 5 days , but the concentration should be lessen than 5ml/l; they suggested that Atrazine was sprayed or treated in soil in 13g/l before the J.regia.L germination ,or it may be used in 6.5g/l, or some protecting ways of trees were used in normal density; Haloxyfop should be applied in the normal density and it's effect is better.
试验结果表明：在核桃苗圃使用骠马，应于萌芽前后5天施用，但浓度不应高于5ml／l；施用莠去津时，在苗木萌芽之前，建议采用13g／l喷雾或土壤处理，在发芽后施用时，采用浓度为6.5g／l，或者按常用浓度施用时，对苗木应采取保护措施；对盖草能的施用，在常用浓度下很安全，可以放心使用。
In order to improve the technology of chemical weed control in forestry and avoid the bad effect, herbicides were used in trees and they can make the trees better .Three kinds of nursery herbicides were used in the nursery. Growth, Chlorophyll, MDA, Soluble sugar were determined to use under three treatment of different medicament. The results showed (1) Growth and the other physiological indexes have evident differences among three kinds of herbicides, when they were used in normal density .The biggest controlling effect is Atrozine, the lest is Haloxyfop. (2) The influence of Fenoxaprop on the J.regia.L is little including Growth, Chlorophyll, MDA, Soluble sugar. BI has the controlling effect when it used after 10-15 days ; BII and BIII have evident effects when it treated after 5 days .All are not evident differences. (3) Atrazine affects all physiological indexes and all treatments are markedly different. YI has the best evident controlling effect of the growth, and the biggest controlling rate is 43.4%. With the density decreased, the controlling effect is also decreasing. YI is the largest among three treatment in all physiological indexes .YII is larger and YIII is the lest. (4) During the whole determined course , the effect of growth is evidently difference in all treatment. The controlling effect of GI is evident in prophase, and it decreases in the later . When considered about the other physiological indexes ,GI and GII have controlling effect and difference before 10 days ,GIII is abnormal, all indexes are higher than CK.
The result demonstrated that some means of herbicides were used in the J.regia.L nursery. Fenoxaprop was used when the J.regia.L germinates before or after 5 days , but the concentration should be lessen than 5ml/l; they suggested that Atrazine was sprayed or treated in soil in 13g/l before the J.regia.L germination ,or it may be used in 6.5g/l, or some protecting ways of trees were used in normal density; Haloxyfop should be applied in the normal density and it's effect is better.
引文
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2．卢植新．农用化学除草剂应用历程与展望．广西农业科学，1999(增刊)：1—8
3．陈国海．林业化学除草技术．北京：学苑出版社，1989
4．王强．杂草治理．北京：中国农业出版社，1995
5．郭平毅，薛怀清等．农田化学除草．北京：中国农业科技出版社，2000
6．张一宾．除草剂的制剂技术与动向．农药译从，1999(2)：13—20
7．由振国．天然杂草化合物的开发与利用．杂草学报，1993，7(1)：40—48
8．张胜．生物除草剂的最新研究进展．杂草科学，1997(4)：9—10
9．金银根等．生物工程技术革新在杂草防治中的应用．杂草科学，1999(3)：1—3
10．曹坳程．我国除草剂研究的成就、问题及发展前景．科技导报，1993，5，46—47
11．曹坳程，徐晓明，秦维亮．嘧黄隆防除果园杂草试验．农药，1993，32(3)，55—57
12．杨贤智．我国杂草综合防治的研究与应用．植物医生，1999，12(2)
13．张殿京等．化学除草应用指南．北京：农用读物出版社，1987
14．沈秋兴．果园化学除草应用指南．北京：农用出版社，1989
15．李锦嘉．除草地膜的研究与应用．浙江农业科学，1996(4)，186—187
16．涂鹤龄．我国农用杂草研究和防治进展．农药，2001(3)：1—3
17．陈国海．苗圃化学除草指南．北京：学苑出版社，1988
18．陈国海等．我国南方化学整地新工艺的研究．林业科学，1987(营林专辑)：87—94
19．许恩光，张慧亮．磺酰脲类除草剂的林业应用前景．林业科技通讯，2000(5)：35—36
20．许新桥，刘兴刚，石铁蒿．21世纪林业化学除草发展趋势探讨．林业科技通讯，2001(5)：35—36
21．孙文杰．森草净在油松苗圃地的应用．林业科技开发，1993(2)，37—38
22．于江滨，肖秀琴．果尔、盖草能在阔叶树育苗灭草中的应用．吉林林业科技，1997(5)，52
23．王汝杰．松柏育苗化学除草试验．辽宁林业科技，1997(6)，45—46
24．唐世刚．果尔除草剂在松类育苗中应用技术的研究．林业科技通讯，2000，6，31—32
25．张福计，李林英，张成梁．华北落叶松幼林的化学除草试验．山西林业科技，1993，
3，11—14
26．程海儿，乍炳志．森草净在幼林中的应用试验初报．内蒙古林业，1996，7，24
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