不同枣树品种对炭疽病的抗性研究
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摘要
随着近年来枣树种植面积不断增张,各种病害对枣树的危害日益严重,特别是枣树炭疽病,已成为大枣生产中的显著问题,常常引起枣树大量落果和落叶,严重影响了枣树产量、果实品质和商品价值。因此开展对枣树炭疽病的抗病品种筛选就成为枣生产与研究的一项重要任务,而进行枣树种质资源对炭疽病的抗病性鉴定是筛选抗病品种的基础工作。本研究为了明确不同枣树品种对枣树炭疽病的抗病性,揭示品种对炭疽病的抗病机理,挑选出优良枣树抗病品种,为枣树炭疽病的防治和优良枣树的育种提供科学的理论依据。
本试验对枣树炭疽病的分离、培养及鉴定,并对适合枣树炭疽病产孢的适合温度进行了研究,以冬枣、晋枣、梨枣、大雪枣、灰枣和木枣为试验材料,对不同品种枣树叶片的组织结构与抗病性的关系;枣树叶片在炭疽病侵染前后的酶活性变化规律进行了研究,主要结果如下:
1.关于枣树炭疽病菌:枣炭疽病的分生孢子长圆形或卵圆形,无色,单胞,长13.5-17.7μm,宽4.3-6.7μm。菌丝生长和产孢的适温为20℃~28℃,最适温度为25℃,低于10℃和高于35℃不能生长和产孢。
2.对不同品种的枣树叶片结构进行观察测定发现,冬枣、大雪枣两个品种的栅栏组织、上表皮的厚度明显大于其它几个品种,并且这两个品种叶片内细胞排列相对较其它品种整齐紧密;细胞紧密度(CTR)的结果也显示冬枣、大雪枣这两个品种较高。
3.对不同枣树品种叶片进行接种炭疽病菌的测定得出,冬枣和大雪枣发病率较低,其接种后叶片的病斑面积也相对较小;梨枣的发病率较高,甚至全部发病,并且梨枣接种后的病斑面积最大。
4.对不同抗病品种枣树苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、多酚氧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性在接种枣树炭疽菌前后都进行测定,在未感病情况下,六个品种枣树的四种酶活性有一定的差异,但不是特别显著;在接种以后,冬枣、大雪枣两个品种各种酶活性的上升速度、变化幅度均大于其它几个枣树品种。
5.对不同枣树品种进行田间调查显示,梨枣在六个品种中感染炭疽病最为严重,灰枣次之,晋枣、木枣为中等抗病品种,大雪枣、冬枣为抗病品种。
revealed ,especially anthracnose .Now it becomes a outstanding problem ,because it often causes fruit drop and deciduous ,resulting decline of the output, the fruit quality and the goods value drop of jujube.So screening of a kind of anti-anthracnose cultivar is a very important task in jujube production and research,which base on identify of resistance to anthracnose of different cultivars.In order to find out relationship between jujube anti-anthracnose and different cultivars ,reveal the disease-resistant mechanism, select the improved variety and provides the scientific theory basis. In this paper anthracnose germ of jujube was isolated, cultured and identified and optimum temperature sporulation was studied .Meanwhile taking Dongzao,Jinzao,Lizao,Daxuezao,Huizao and Muzao as experimental material, the relationship between leaves structure and resistance , the change law of the enzyme activity pre and post anthracnose infection were also studied. The result showed:
1) Anthracnose germ: conidia is egg circular or oval , colorless, single spore, 13.5-17.7μm long, 4.3-6.7μm wide. The zone of effective of mycelium growth and sporulation is 20℃～28℃, optimum temperature 25℃, lower than 10℃or higher than 35℃, conidia can not grow or sporulation.;
2)After observing and measureing leaves structure,it expressed the palisade tissue and epicuticle of Dongzao,Daxuezao are thicker, the cell arrangement are neater and closed comparing with other cultivars,and the CTR showed the same;
3)By inoculation with anthracnose germ ,it was found the incidence of Dongzao and Daxuezao is lower ,and lesion area smaller while Lizao with the highest, even omnium incidence and biggest lesion area;
4)By determinin enzyme activity of PAL,PPO,POD and SOD of pre and post anthracnose infection,there is no obvious difference if they healthy; but after inoculation with anthracnose germ, enzyme activity of Dongzao and Daxuezao increased quickly with larger varied amplitude;
5)The anthracnose infection in field investigation showed: Lizao>Huizao>Jinzao,Muzao>Daxuezao,Dongzao,which means Lizao is susceptible variety while Daxuezao,Dongzao are resistant variety.
本试验对枣树炭疽病的分离、培养及鉴定,并对适合枣树炭疽病产孢的适合温度进行了研究,以冬枣、晋枣、梨枣、大雪枣、灰枣和木枣为试验材料,对不同品种枣树叶片的组织结构与抗病性的关系;枣树叶片在炭疽病侵染前后的酶活性变化规律进行了研究,主要结果如下:
1.关于枣树炭疽病菌:枣炭疽病的分生孢子长圆形或卵圆形,无色,单胞,长13.5-17.7μm,宽4.3-6.7μm。菌丝生长和产孢的适温为20℃~28℃,最适温度为25℃,低于10℃和高于35℃不能生长和产孢。
2.对不同品种的枣树叶片结构进行观察测定发现,冬枣、大雪枣两个品种的栅栏组织、上表皮的厚度明显大于其它几个品种,并且这两个品种叶片内细胞排列相对较其它品种整齐紧密;细胞紧密度(CTR)的结果也显示冬枣、大雪枣这两个品种较高。
3.对不同枣树品种叶片进行接种炭疽病菌的测定得出,冬枣和大雪枣发病率较低,其接种后叶片的病斑面积也相对较小;梨枣的发病率较高,甚至全部发病,并且梨枣接种后的病斑面积最大。
4.对不同抗病品种枣树苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、多酚氧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性在接种枣树炭疽菌前后都进行测定,在未感病情况下,六个品种枣树的四种酶活性有一定的差异,但不是特别显著;在接种以后,冬枣、大雪枣两个品种各种酶活性的上升速度、变化幅度均大于其它几个枣树品种。
5.对不同枣树品种进行田间调查显示,梨枣在六个品种中感染炭疽病最为严重,灰枣次之,晋枣、木枣为中等抗病品种,大雪枣、冬枣为抗病品种。
revealed ,especially anthracnose .Now it becomes a outstanding problem ,because it often causes fruit drop and deciduous ,resulting decline of the output, the fruit quality and the goods value drop of jujube.So screening of a kind of anti-anthracnose cultivar is a very important task in jujube production and research,which base on identify of resistance to anthracnose of different cultivars.In order to find out relationship between jujube anti-anthracnose and different cultivars ,reveal the disease-resistant mechanism, select the improved variety and provides the scientific theory basis. In this paper anthracnose germ of jujube was isolated, cultured and identified and optimum temperature sporulation was studied .Meanwhile taking Dongzao,Jinzao,Lizao,Daxuezao,Huizao and Muzao as experimental material, the relationship between leaves structure and resistance , the change law of the enzyme activity pre and post anthracnose infection were also studied. The result showed:
1) Anthracnose germ: conidia is egg circular or oval , colorless, single spore, 13.5-17.7μm long, 4.3-6.7μm wide. The zone of effective of mycelium growth and sporulation is 20℃～28℃, optimum temperature 25℃, lower than 10℃or higher than 35℃, conidia can not grow or sporulation.;
2)After observing and measureing leaves structure,it expressed the palisade tissue and epicuticle of Dongzao,Daxuezao are thicker, the cell arrangement are neater and closed comparing with other cultivars,and the CTR showed the same;
3)By inoculation with anthracnose germ ,it was found the incidence of Dongzao and Daxuezao is lower ,and lesion area smaller while Lizao with the highest, even omnium incidence and biggest lesion area;
4)By determinin enzyme activity of PAL,PPO,POD and SOD of pre and post anthracnose infection,there is no obvious difference if they healthy; but after inoculation with anthracnose germ, enzyme activity of Dongzao and Daxuezao increased quickly with larger varied amplitude;
5)The anthracnose infection in field investigation showed: Lizao>Huizao>Jinzao,Muzao>Daxuezao,Dongzao,which means Lizao is susceptible variety while Daxuezao,Dongzao are resistant variety.
引文
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