CuTi/CuSn/NiSn二元合金过冷及凝固研究
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摘要
本文利用真空氩弧熔炼炉制备出Cu_(82)Ti_(18)、Ni_(20)Sn_(80)、Cu_(95)Sn_5合金锭,采用熔融玻璃循环过热法对合金Cu_(82)Ti_(18)、Ni_(20)Sn_(80)、Cu_(95)Sn_5以及大体积合金Cu_(95)Sn_5进行反复熔融净化,改变样品体积、保温时间、过热温度、循环次数等实验参数研究对其过冷度的影响。通过X-ray衍射仪、金相显微镜、维氏显微硬度计等仪器研究了经助熔剂净化后合金的结构、凝固组织和显微硬度变化。
X-ray衍射分析表明,合金的衍射峰强度随循环次数的增加而降低,且同样净化条件下小体积合金的衍射峰强度要比大体积合金的衍射峰强度要低,表明大体积合金难以利用玻璃净化法获得非晶态。
元素Ti在高温下与助熔剂B_2O_3进行反应,因此不宜用B_2O_3对Cu-Ti合金进行净化处理;经过助熔剂净化后,小体积合金Ni_(20)Sn_(80)的凝固组织成分均匀,晶粒明显细化;小体积合金Cu_(95)Sn_5的过冷度随循环次数的增加有变大的趋势,其凝固组织由树枝晶变为等轴晶,且晶粒细化,其显微硬度随循环次数的增加而降低;大体积合金Cu_(95)Sn_5的过冷度随循环次数的增加有变大的趋势,由于其内外冷却速率的差异,样品的凝固组织分布不均匀,其内部区域的显微硬度随冷却速率的增加而降低,而样品表面发生硬化。
Cu_(82)Ti_(18), Ni_(20)Sn_(80) and Cu_(95)Sn_5 ingots were prepared by remelting and casting in an argon-arc furnace, then solidified by glass fluxing, the effects of sample volume, heat preservation time, superheat temperature and circular times on the undercooling of the sample were researched in the glass fluxing experiment. Their solidification morphology, structural evolution and microhardness were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Metallographic microscope and the Vicker’s sclerometerm.
X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the diffraction intensity of the sample decreased with the increase of the circular times, and the diffraction intensity of small size alloy was lower than large size alloy in the same glass fluxing condition.
Research results exhibited that element Ti can occur chemical reaction with the fluxing B_2O_3 on high temperature,so Cu-Ti alloy cannot be purified by the fluxing B_2O_3. After glass fluxing, the solidification morphology of Ni_(20)Sn_(80) alloy distributed equably, and grain refine behavior was obvious. The undercooling of small size alloy Cu_(95)Sn_5 became higher with the increase of the circular times, the solidification morphology transformed from coarse dendrites to equiaxed grains and grains refined, microhardness reduced with the increase of circular times. The undercooling of bulk alloy Cu_(95)Sn_5 became higher with the increase of the circular times. Due to the cooling rate difference of the external and internal, their solidification morphology distributed asymmetric, the internal microhardness lowered with the increase of the cooling rate, while the external of the sample occurred the surface hardening behavior.
X-ray衍射分析表明,合金的衍射峰强度随循环次数的增加而降低,且同样净化条件下小体积合金的衍射峰强度要比大体积合金的衍射峰强度要低,表明大体积合金难以利用玻璃净化法获得非晶态。
元素Ti在高温下与助熔剂B_2O_3进行反应,因此不宜用B_2O_3对Cu-Ti合金进行净化处理;经过助熔剂净化后,小体积合金Ni_(20)Sn_(80)的凝固组织成分均匀,晶粒明显细化;小体积合金Cu_(95)Sn_5的过冷度随循环次数的增加有变大的趋势,其凝固组织由树枝晶变为等轴晶,且晶粒细化,其显微硬度随循环次数的增加而降低;大体积合金Cu_(95)Sn_5的过冷度随循环次数的增加有变大的趋势,由于其内外冷却速率的差异,样品的凝固组织分布不均匀,其内部区域的显微硬度随冷却速率的增加而降低,而样品表面发生硬化。
Cu_(82)Ti_(18), Ni_(20)Sn_(80) and Cu_(95)Sn_5 ingots were prepared by remelting and casting in an argon-arc furnace, then solidified by glass fluxing, the effects of sample volume, heat preservation time, superheat temperature and circular times on the undercooling of the sample were researched in the glass fluxing experiment. Their solidification morphology, structural evolution and microhardness were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Metallographic microscope and the Vicker’s sclerometerm.
X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the diffraction intensity of the sample decreased with the increase of the circular times, and the diffraction intensity of small size alloy was lower than large size alloy in the same glass fluxing condition.
Research results exhibited that element Ti can occur chemical reaction with the fluxing B_2O_3 on high temperature,so Cu-Ti alloy cannot be purified by the fluxing B_2O_3. After glass fluxing, the solidification morphology of Ni_(20)Sn_(80) alloy distributed equably, and grain refine behavior was obvious. The undercooling of small size alloy Cu_(95)Sn_5 became higher with the increase of the circular times, the solidification morphology transformed from coarse dendrites to equiaxed grains and grains refined, microhardness reduced with the increase of circular times. The undercooling of bulk alloy Cu_(95)Sn_5 became higher with the increase of the circular times. Due to the cooling rate difference of the external and internal, their solidification morphology distributed asymmetric, the internal microhardness lowered with the increase of the cooling rate, while the external of the sample occurred the surface hardening behavior.
引文
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3李金富,杨根仓,吕衣礼等.深过冷Cu 30 % Ni合金单向凝固组织的力学性能[J].材料研究学报,1997,11(21):137
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5王楠,曹崇德,魏炳波. Ag-Cu共晶合金在落管中的快速凝固[J].金属学报,1998,4(8):824
6周根树,杨根仓,周尧和.深过冷Ni合金在电磁场中的凝固[J].稀有金属材料与工程,1996,25(2):37
7周根树,杨根仓,周尧和.液态金属的自分离净化法[J].材料科学进展,1993,7(2):115
8惠增哲,杨根仓,周尧和.大体积Ni-Sn共晶合金的净化与深过冷[J].材料研究学报,1998,17(6):37
9訾炳涛,王辉.块体纳米材料的制备技术现状[A].中国有色金属学会第五届学术年会论文集[C].北京,中国有色金属学会,2003,184
10陈立凡,陈熙琛. Al-Cu-Fe二十面准晶体的深过冷研究[J].物理学报,1996,45(1):
169
11朱定一,杨晓华,韩秀君等. Fe-Sn偏晶合金的深过冷快速凝固组织[J].中国有色金属学报,2003,13(2):328
12刘峰,蔡瑜,郭学锋等.过冷DD3单晶高温合金的净化影响因素及途径[J].铸造,2000,49(6):318
13曹崇德,鲁晓宇,魏炳波.深过冷液态Co85Cu15亚包晶合金的快速凝固[J].金属学报,1998,3 (5):489
14坚增运,杨根仓,周尧和. Al-4.5%Cu合金的过冷及凝固组织特征[J].航空学报,1996,17(1):53
15郑红星,马伟增,季诚昌等.深过冷Ni-31.44%Pb偏晶合金快速凝固行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2003,13(2):339
16张振忠,杨根仓,陈光.深过冷共晶合金凝固组织纳米化机制探讨[J].材料科学与工艺,2001, 9(4):342
17樊建锋,刘新宝,谢辉等.深过冷Al72Ni12Co16合金熔体中的相选择[J].中国有色金属学报,2003,13(5):1087
18郝新维,杨根仓,谢辉.深过冷Cu-37.44%Pb偏晶合金凝固行为和微观组织[J].铸造技术,2004,25(2)
19 D. Turnbull. Kinetics of Solidification of Supercooled Liquid Mercury Droplets. J Chem Phys,1952,20:411
20 D. Turnbull. Formation of Crystal Nuclei in Liquid Metals. J Appl Phys,1950,21(10):1022
21 V. Laxmanan. Dendritic Solidification-III. Some Further Refinements to The Model for Dendritic Growth under an Imposed Thermal Gradient. Acta Metall,1985,33:1475-1480
22谢发勤,张君,毛协民等.深过冷熔体激发快速凝固.材料科学与工艺,1996,4(3):102-106
23陈立凡,陈熙探. Al-Cu-Fe二十面体准晶的深过冷研究.物理学报,1996,45(1):169-176
24 B. A. Mueller, J. H. Perepezko. The Undercooling of Aluminum. Matall Trans A,1987,18:1143
25 B. B. Wei, D. L. Zhang, B. Cantor. High Undercooling and Rapid Solidification of Ni-32.5%Sn Eutectic Alloy. Acta Metal Mater,1991,39(6):1249
26李金富,杨根仓,周尧和.深过冷Ni-50%Cu合金的晶粒细化.金属学报,1998,34(2):113
27坚增运,严文,杨根仓.深过冷金属熔体中单晶形成的临界条件.自然科学进展,1999,9(2):165
28宋广生.纳米晶Al88Ce2Ni10铝合金的形成.中国有色金属学报,1997,7(2):53
29 Z. Y. Jian, G. C. Yang, Y. H. Zhou. Preparation of Silica Glass Coating and The Effect of The Coating on Undercooling of Al-12.5%Si Alloy. Progress in Natural Science, 1997,7(3):354
30白世鸿,杨根仓,周少荣.熔剂净化对Al-4.5wt%Cu合金过冷及组织的影响.稀有金属材料与工程,1996,25(4):39
31魏炳波,王彬, M Barth等.液态金属快速结晶的热力学驱动力[J].金属学报,1994,30(7):289
32沈宁福,汤亚力,关绍康等.凝固理论进展与快速凝固[J].金属学报,1996,32(7):673
33程天一,章守华.快速凝固技术与新型合金[M].北京:宇航出版社,1990
34魏炳波,董长星.液态Ni-Si合金的超过冷与热力学性质[J].金属学报,1996,32(4):357
35 R. Willnecker, D. M. Herlach, B. Feuerbacher et a1. Nucleation in Bulk Undercooled Ni-based Alloys [J]. Mater Sci Eng,1988,98:85-88
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