复杂开采条件下覆岩移动和变形规律的模拟研究
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摘要
矿山地表沉降是一个不容忽视的问题,如果解决不好,轻则引起地表设施或建筑物的破坏,重则有可能引起地表突然坍塌,带来灾难性的后果。地下矿开采后形成采空区,在周围形成了一个移动带,移动带内可能存在各种设施或建筑物,如果在已知地下采空区大小的情况下,可以预测出地表沉降参数,则可对地表设施的布置起到事先参考的作用,提前采取措施,以确保采空区形成后,不会造成大的安全事故[1]。因此为实现矿山的安全开采,必须对地下开采引起的上覆岩层的移动规律及其对地表的影响进行研究。
本课题以山西省忻州至保德高速公路下伏郝家里煤矿采空区为研究对象,该煤矿可采煤层主要有三层,多层重复开采会加剧上覆岩土体的受扰动程度,进而使之破坏失稳;另外该煤矿处于地形条件复杂的丘陵地区且采用房柱式与长臂式混合开采的开采方式,开采方式多样。本文根据相似原理,建立了相似模型,并进行了相似材料模拟实验研究;采用FLAC3D软件建立了该煤矿的数学模型,对不同采宽和采深开采条件下水平采煤的覆岩破坏、地表移动和变形规律进行了系统地研究分析。取得的主要研究成果如下:
(1)根据相似材料模拟实验,研究了采煤工作面推进时覆岩移动与变形的动态规律以及开采沉陷基本稳定后采空区覆岩裂隙的分布发育规律。分析了采空区埋深、采宽等对采空区覆岩下沉量、地表移动和变形量的影响。
(2)采用FLAC3D数值模拟得到矿山开采稳定后的位移场图、应力场图和破坏场图,研究不同地质采矿条件下地表移动与变形范围及形态;地表移动与变形的极值及其位置;根据模拟数据,描绘了不同开采条件下的地表移动曲线,并进行了分析,从而预测出采空区形成后引起的地表沉降、水平位移和斜率,探讨采空区上覆岩层移动和地表沉陷及变形破坏的一般规律。
Ground surface subsidence caused by underground mining is a serious problem. It can destroy the facilities and buildings on the ground surface, or cause the collapse of the ground surface, bring disastrous. Goaf is caused by underground mining, and form a movement band around it, and this movement band possible have some facilities and buildings on it. If we know the size of the goaf and predict the parameters of ground surface subsidence, it is useful to the dispose of facilities on it, take measures in advance and avoid large security incidents. So in order to achieve safety mining of mine, it is necessary to research on the overlying formation’s movement rule caused by underground mining and its effect of the ground surface movement.
This paper takes the goaf of Haojiali Colliery underlying Xinzhou-Baode expressway as a test example, minable seams in the coal mine have three main layers, multi-repeated exploitation will aggravate the overlying rock or soil disturbed, and consequently the damage to unstable; another, the mine is in the complex terrain and hilly areas with room and pillar and the long arm hybrid mining exploitation methods, mining methods is diverse. This paper adopting several research methods (such as experiment of analog simulation and numerical simulation), this topic inquiries into some factors (different mining width and mining depth) in detail witch affected the subsidence and deformation of ground surface. Some main achievements obtained as below:
(1) In this article, we apply analog simulation experiment to research the law of strata movement and deformation during the exploitation, and the distribution and growing of cranny. Analyzing mining depth and mining width of the effect on the strata,sinking value and the movement and deformation value of ground’s surface.
(2) Different mining models in a colliery were set up with FLAC 3D software and the figures of displacement field and plastic failure results after stabilization were gotten. Study the range and form of ground’s surface movement and deformation in different geology mining conditions. Base on data, surface movement curves of different mining conditions were drawn and analyzed. Thus displacement and lean deformation caused by mining were predicted, study of the law on the movement of overburden seam and deformation of ground’s surface.
本课题以山西省忻州至保德高速公路下伏郝家里煤矿采空区为研究对象,该煤矿可采煤层主要有三层,多层重复开采会加剧上覆岩土体的受扰动程度,进而使之破坏失稳;另外该煤矿处于地形条件复杂的丘陵地区且采用房柱式与长臂式混合开采的开采方式,开采方式多样。本文根据相似原理,建立了相似模型,并进行了相似材料模拟实验研究;采用FLAC3D软件建立了该煤矿的数学模型,对不同采宽和采深开采条件下水平采煤的覆岩破坏、地表移动和变形规律进行了系统地研究分析。取得的主要研究成果如下:
(1)根据相似材料模拟实验,研究了采煤工作面推进时覆岩移动与变形的动态规律以及开采沉陷基本稳定后采空区覆岩裂隙的分布发育规律。分析了采空区埋深、采宽等对采空区覆岩下沉量、地表移动和变形量的影响。
(2)采用FLAC3D数值模拟得到矿山开采稳定后的位移场图、应力场图和破坏场图,研究不同地质采矿条件下地表移动与变形范围及形态;地表移动与变形的极值及其位置;根据模拟数据,描绘了不同开采条件下的地表移动曲线,并进行了分析,从而预测出采空区形成后引起的地表沉降、水平位移和斜率,探讨采空区上覆岩层移动和地表沉陷及变形破坏的一般规律。
Ground surface subsidence caused by underground mining is a serious problem. It can destroy the facilities and buildings on the ground surface, or cause the collapse of the ground surface, bring disastrous. Goaf is caused by underground mining, and form a movement band around it, and this movement band possible have some facilities and buildings on it. If we know the size of the goaf and predict the parameters of ground surface subsidence, it is useful to the dispose of facilities on it, take measures in advance and avoid large security incidents. So in order to achieve safety mining of mine, it is necessary to research on the overlying formation’s movement rule caused by underground mining and its effect of the ground surface movement.
This paper takes the goaf of Haojiali Colliery underlying Xinzhou-Baode expressway as a test example, minable seams in the coal mine have three main layers, multi-repeated exploitation will aggravate the overlying rock or soil disturbed, and consequently the damage to unstable; another, the mine is in the complex terrain and hilly areas with room and pillar and the long arm hybrid mining exploitation methods, mining methods is diverse. This paper adopting several research methods (such as experiment of analog simulation and numerical simulation), this topic inquiries into some factors (different mining width and mining depth) in detail witch affected the subsidence and deformation of ground surface. Some main achievements obtained as below:
(1) In this article, we apply analog simulation experiment to research the law of strata movement and deformation during the exploitation, and the distribution and growing of cranny. Analyzing mining depth and mining width of the effect on the strata,sinking value and the movement and deformation value of ground’s surface.
(2) Different mining models in a colliery were set up with FLAC 3D software and the figures of displacement field and plastic failure results after stabilization were gotten. Study the range and form of ground’s surface movement and deformation in different geology mining conditions. Base on data, surface movement curves of different mining conditions were drawn and analyzed. Thus displacement and lean deformation caused by mining were predicted, study of the law on the movement of overburden seam and deformation of ground’s surface.
引文
[1]黄志安,李示波等. FLAC和数值分析在矿山地表沉降预测中的应用.有色金属,2005年8月第57卷第3期.
[2]廉海,魏秀泉,甘德清.地下开采引起地表沉陷的数值模拟.矿业快报,2006年1月第一期.
[3]高明中,余忠林.煤矿开采沉陷预测的数值模拟.安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版). 2003年3月第23卷第一期.
[4]张玉卓.煤矿地表沉陷的预测与控制—世纪之交的回顾与展望.煤炭学会第五届青年科技学术研讨会论文集,煤炭工业出版社,1998.11.
[5]刘宝琛,廖国华.煤矿地表移动的基本规律.北京:中国工业出版社1965.
[6]何国清,马伟明,王金庄.威布尔分布形函数在地表移动计算中的应用——用碎块体理论研究岩移基本规律的探讨.中国矿业学院学报,1982.1.
[7]周国拴,崔继等.建筑物下采煤,煤炭工业出版社,1983.
[8]煤科总院北京开采所.煤矿地表移动下覆岩破坏规律及应用.北京:煤炭工业出版社1981.
[9]何万龙.山区地表移动规律及变形预计.山西矿业学院学报,1985.2.
[10]李增琪.使用富氏积分变换计算开挖引起的地表移动.煤炭学报,1983.2.
[11]刘文生.条带法开采采留宽度合理尺寸研究.阜新矿业学院硕士论文,1988.
[12]郭增长.极不充分开采地表移动预计方法及建筑物深部压煤开采技术的研究,中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士学位论文,2000.
[13]张永波,靳钟铭,刘秀英.采动岩体裂隙分形相关规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3426～3429.
[14] Sirivardane and Amanda. Displacement Based Approach for Prediction of Subsidence Cause by Long wall Mining Using Numerical Method, Proc. Th, INT, conf on computer. Method, 1991.
[15] X.L.Yao, D.J.Reddish and B.N.Whittaker. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Surface Subsidence Using From Inclined Seam Extraction, Int. J. RODK , Mech. & Mining SCI., 1993.
[16] Yacoub M. Najjar. Constitutive Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of Ground Subsidence due to Mining[D]. University of Oklahoma, 1990.
[17]王泳嘉.离散元法及其在岩石力学中的应用.金属矿山,1992.3.
[18]何国清.矿山开采沉陷学徐州:中国矿业大学出版社1991.
[19] Badr,S.A.,Schissler,A.,Salamon,M.D.G.Ozbay,U.2002.Numerical Modeling of Yielding Chain Pillarsin Longwall Mines.Proc.of the 5th North American Rock Mechanics Symposium,Toronto Canada.P99-107.
[20] Badr,S.A.(2003)Numerical Analysis of coal yield Pillars at deep Longwall Mines.Ph.D.Thesis in preparation.Department of Mining Engineering,Colorado School of Mines,Golden,Colorado.
[21]徐乃忠,张玉卓著.采动离层充填减沉理论与实践[M].煤炭工业出版社,2001,15~30.
[22]林韵梅.实验岩石力学模拟研究,北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984:1～109.
[23]崔广心.相似理论与模型试验,(M)江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1990: 1~30.
[24]水利水电科学研究院等四院合编,岩石力学参数手册,水利电力出版社,1991.5: 186~241.
[25]郑雨天,傅冰骏,卢世宗等译.岩石力学试验建议方法,(M)煤炭工业出版社,1982: 89~94.
[26] Methods of Geological Engineering in Discontinuous Rocks Richard E.Goodman 1976.
[27] Stress Distribution in Jointed Media LErgun Proceedings of the Second Congress P497 1970.
[28] Manual of FLAC (Itasca Co.ltd),1996.
[29]张东明,尹光志等.南桐矿区深部开采岩移基本规律的研究.成都理工学院学报,第28卷增刊2001年9月.
[30]莫文从,李角群等.某露天矿下盘边坡治理稳定性及数值模拟研究.金属矿山,2005年第10期.
[31]戴华阳.山区地表移动的相似模拟试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2000.7.
[32] Wei Zuoan, li Shihai, J.G.Wang, Wan Ling. A dynamic comprehensive method for landslide control Engineering Geology 84(2006).
[33] Oliver Deck, Marwan Al Heib, Francoise Homand Taking the soil-structure interaction into account in assessing the loading of a structure in a mining subsidence area Engineering Structures 25(2003) 435-448.
[2]廉海,魏秀泉,甘德清.地下开采引起地表沉陷的数值模拟.矿业快报,2006年1月第一期.
[3]高明中,余忠林.煤矿开采沉陷预测的数值模拟.安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版). 2003年3月第23卷第一期.
[4]张玉卓.煤矿地表沉陷的预测与控制—世纪之交的回顾与展望.煤炭学会第五届青年科技学术研讨会论文集,煤炭工业出版社,1998.11.
[5]刘宝琛,廖国华.煤矿地表移动的基本规律.北京:中国工业出版社1965.
[6]何国清,马伟明,王金庄.威布尔分布形函数在地表移动计算中的应用——用碎块体理论研究岩移基本规律的探讨.中国矿业学院学报,1982.1.
[7]周国拴,崔继等.建筑物下采煤,煤炭工业出版社,1983.
[8]煤科总院北京开采所.煤矿地表移动下覆岩破坏规律及应用.北京:煤炭工业出版社1981.
[9]何万龙.山区地表移动规律及变形预计.山西矿业学院学报,1985.2.
[10]李增琪.使用富氏积分变换计算开挖引起的地表移动.煤炭学报,1983.2.
[11]刘文生.条带法开采采留宽度合理尺寸研究.阜新矿业学院硕士论文,1988.
[12]郭增长.极不充分开采地表移动预计方法及建筑物深部压煤开采技术的研究,中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士学位论文,2000.
[13]张永波,靳钟铭,刘秀英.采动岩体裂隙分形相关规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3426～3429.
[14] Sirivardane and Amanda. Displacement Based Approach for Prediction of Subsidence Cause by Long wall Mining Using Numerical Method, Proc. Th, INT, conf on computer. Method, 1991.
[15] X.L.Yao, D.J.Reddish and B.N.Whittaker. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Surface Subsidence Using From Inclined Seam Extraction, Int. J. RODK , Mech. & Mining SCI., 1993.
[16] Yacoub M. Najjar. Constitutive Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of Ground Subsidence due to Mining[D]. University of Oklahoma, 1990.
[17]王泳嘉.离散元法及其在岩石力学中的应用.金属矿山,1992.3.
[18]何国清.矿山开采沉陷学徐州:中国矿业大学出版社1991.
[19] Badr,S.A.,Schissler,A.,Salamon,M.D.G.Ozbay,U.2002.Numerical Modeling of Yielding Chain Pillarsin Longwall Mines.Proc.of the 5th North American Rock Mechanics Symposium,Toronto Canada.P99-107.
[20] Badr,S.A.(2003)Numerical Analysis of coal yield Pillars at deep Longwall Mines.Ph.D.Thesis in preparation.Department of Mining Engineering,Colorado School of Mines,Golden,Colorado.
[21]徐乃忠,张玉卓著.采动离层充填减沉理论与实践[M].煤炭工业出版社,2001,15~30.
[22]林韵梅.实验岩石力学模拟研究,北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984:1～109.
[23]崔广心.相似理论与模型试验,(M)江苏:中国矿业大学出版社,1990: 1~30.
[24]水利水电科学研究院等四院合编,岩石力学参数手册,水利电力出版社,1991.5: 186~241.
[25]郑雨天,傅冰骏,卢世宗等译.岩石力学试验建议方法,(M)煤炭工业出版社,1982: 89~94.
[26] Methods of Geological Engineering in Discontinuous Rocks Richard E.Goodman 1976.
[27] Stress Distribution in Jointed Media LErgun Proceedings of the Second Congress P497 1970.
[28] Manual of FLAC (Itasca Co.ltd),1996.
[29]张东明,尹光志等.南桐矿区深部开采岩移基本规律的研究.成都理工学院学报,第28卷增刊2001年9月.
[30]莫文从,李角群等.某露天矿下盘边坡治理稳定性及数值模拟研究.金属矿山,2005年第10期.
[31]戴华阳.山区地表移动的相似模拟试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2000.7.
[32] Wei Zuoan, li Shihai, J.G.Wang, Wan Ling. A dynamic comprehensive method for landslide control Engineering Geology 84(2006).
[33] Oliver Deck, Marwan Al Heib, Francoise Homand Taking the soil-structure interaction into account in assessing the loading of a structure in a mining subsidence area Engineering Structures 25(2003) 435-448.
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