肉用山羊活体采卵、体外受精、同期发情及胚胎移植的研究
|
摘要
实验一，分别用CIDR(处理1)、CIDR+PG(处理2)、CIDR+PG+PMSG(处理3)处理徐淮山羊比较同期发情的效果。每组处理均以36-48h的发情率最高；0-24h的发情率(34.3％、15.7％、7.1％)以及持续发情或返情羊的数量(18.6％、3.9％、2.9％)三组之间的差异显著，以CIDR+PG+PMSG处理最高；而同期率、总的发情率、受体山羊移植后妊娠率各处理间的差异均不显著；胚胎移植中实际可利用羊数量三组之间差异显著(62.3％＞60.8％＞35.7％)，以阴道栓法最高；未排卵受体山羊三组之间差异不显著(9.375％、0、4％)；一侧黄体数目3个或者三个以上的受体山羊，差异显著(32％、11.76％、9.375％)，以CIDR+PG+PMSG最高。
实验二，对10只不孕不育波尔山羊采用超数排卵、活体采卵、卵母细胞体外成熟培养以及体外受精等技术方法，探讨其是否能正常繁育后代。试验中6只供体经超数排卵处理后，在发情前利用特制的采卵装置进行活体采卵，共采集到30枚形态学正常的卵母细胞。经过体外成熟培养，有21枚成熟卵母细胞进行了体外受精处理和培养，获得16枚2-细胞胚胎，移植到4只同期发情的当地山羊受体输卵管内，经3个月妊娠检验判定，有两只受体受孕，其中1只受体产出正常羔羊2只。该技术经进一步改进完善后可望作为不孕不育波尔山羊繁殖后代的辅助生育技术。
The first experiment: it is separately dealed with CIDR (treatment 1), CIDR + PG (treatment 2) and (treatment 3) to compare the oestrus synchronization effect. It is the highest oestrus rates among three treatments in 36 - 48 hr. The estrus rates within 24 hr after treatment is significantly different (P<0.05), it is higher while dealed with CIDR + PG + PMSG; the oestrus synchronization rate, the oestrus rate and the pregnancy rate is not significantly different among three treatmeants; the number of xvhuai goats while can use to be the receptor of embryo transferr is significantly different (62.3%>60.8%>35.7%) ; the rate of goats haven't ovulated is not different.
The second experiment: Ten sterile female boer goat (donors) were tested in this research, which were approached to breed normal offsprings by the techniques of superovulation, ovum pick up, maturation culture in vitro and fertilization in vitro of the maturated oocytes etc. In this experiment the donors treated by superovulation were operated to collected follicular oocytes by a special ovum pick up equipment before their oestrus. Thirty oocytes were recovered form 10 ovaries of six donors. 21 oocytes after maturation in vitro were curried out fertilization in vitro and cultured in vitro. Sixty Survived 2-cell embryos were transfer into oviducts of four local female goats which were treated by oestrus synchronization.Two recipients from four have been pregnant during two months. Two normal offsprings were birth from one of the pregnant recipients. This technique would be expected to improve further as an alternative assisted reproductive method for the sterile female boer goats.
实验二，对10只不孕不育波尔山羊采用超数排卵、活体采卵、卵母细胞体外成熟培养以及体外受精等技术方法，探讨其是否能正常繁育后代。试验中6只供体经超数排卵处理后，在发情前利用特制的采卵装置进行活体采卵，共采集到30枚形态学正常的卵母细胞。经过体外成熟培养，有21枚成熟卵母细胞进行了体外受精处理和培养，获得16枚2-细胞胚胎，移植到4只同期发情的当地山羊受体输卵管内，经3个月妊娠检验判定，有两只受体受孕，其中1只受体产出正常羔羊2只。该技术经进一步改进完善后可望作为不孕不育波尔山羊繁殖后代的辅助生育技术。
The first experiment: it is separately dealed with CIDR (treatment 1), CIDR + PG (treatment 2) and (treatment 3) to compare the oestrus synchronization effect. It is the highest oestrus rates among three treatments in 36 - 48 hr. The estrus rates within 24 hr after treatment is significantly different (P<0.05), it is higher while dealed with CIDR + PG + PMSG; the oestrus synchronization rate, the oestrus rate and the pregnancy rate is not significantly different among three treatmeants; the number of xvhuai goats while can use to be the receptor of embryo transferr is significantly different (62.3%>60.8%>35.7%) ; the rate of goats haven't ovulated is not different.
The second experiment: Ten sterile female boer goat (donors) were tested in this research, which were approached to breed normal offsprings by the techniques of superovulation, ovum pick up, maturation culture in vitro and fertilization in vitro of the maturated oocytes etc. In this experiment the donors treated by superovulation were operated to collected follicular oocytes by a special ovum pick up equipment before their oestrus. Thirty oocytes were recovered form 10 ovaries of six donors. 21 oocytes after maturation in vitro were curried out fertilization in vitro and cultured in vitro. Sixty Survived 2-cell embryos were transfer into oviducts of four local female goats which were treated by oestrus synchronization.Two recipients from four have been pregnant during two months. Two normal offsprings were birth from one of the pregnant recipients. This technique would be expected to improve further as an alternative assisted reproductive method for the sterile female boer goats.
引文
[1] 北京农业人学主编．2002．家畜繁殖学(第二版)．北京：中国农业出版社．
[2] 陈大元主编．2000．受精生物学受精机制与生殖工程．北京：科学出版社．
[3] 顾文艺等．精子提取物对绵羊显微受精受精率及胚胎发育影响的研究．西北农业学报，1996，5 (4)：1-4
[4] 李军锋张家骅．表皮生长因子促进胚泡植入的研究进展．黑龙江动物繁殖．2000．8(3)：42-44
[5] 罗海玲等．血管内皮生长因子对牛胚胎体外发育影响的最适添加浓度筛选．云南畜牧兽医2002(4)：3-4
[6] 菅原七郎(原著)，张志超利徐春生(主译)．1994．哺乳动物发育工程实验方法．南京：南京大学出版社
[7] 石德顺．体外受精技术，全国动物胚胎生物技术高级研修班讲义．2002，4：10-54
[8] 王公金 博士论文：附植前小数胚胎中脂肪酸的组成和代谢 1999
[9] 王敏康，张田，王晓燕，廉莉，李劲松，陈大元．2000．几种克服昆明小鼠 2-细胞胚胎发育阻断的培养液研究．动物学报46(1)：81-87
[10] 张梅．生长阅子在植入前胚胎的表达及作用．国外医学妇产科分册．2001，29(3)：154-157
[11] Alfonso NF and Hunter AG. Effects of temperature (37℃ or 39℃) on bovine in vitro fertilization and post-fertilization culture media on subsequent cleavage. Joural of Dairy Science, 1992, Suppl 1:242
[12] Aoyagi Y, et al. Effect of two treatments on semen from different bulls on in vitro fertilization results of bovine oocytes. Therogenology, 1988, 30:973-985
[13] Archibong AE, et al. Development of porcine embryos from one- and two-cell stage to blastocysts in culture medium supplemented with porcine oviductal fluid. Biol. Reprod., 1989,41:1076-1073
[14] Bavister B.D. Role of oviductal secretions in embryonic growth in vivo and in vitro.Therogenology, 1988,29:143-154
[15] Bavister B.D. and Arlotto T. Influence of single amino acids on the development of hamster one-cell embryos in vitro. Molecular Reproduction and Update,1990,1:91-148
[16] Bondioli KR. Effect of glycine and alanine on co-culture of bovine blastocysts. Theriogenology, 1995,43:170
[17] Canseco RS, et al. Effect of microdrop size and number of embryos per microdrop on early murine embryo development. Serono Symposium on Preimplantation Embryo Development, 1991, Abstract Vol.27:1-10
[18] Canseco RS, et al. Embryo density and medium volume effects on early murine embryo development. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and genetics, 1992,9:454-457
[19] Carney EW and Bavister BD. Regulation of hamster embryo development in vitro by carbon dioxide. Biol. Reprod., 1987,36:1155-01163
[20] Cheng WTK, et al. In vitro fertilization of pig and sheep oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro. Theriogenology, 1986,25:146
[21] Crister ES, et al. Acquisition of developmental competence during maturation in vitro. Theriogenology, 1996,25:150
[22] Daya S, et al. Separation of motile human sperm by means of a glass bead column. Gamete Research, 1987, 17:375-387
[23] D'Cruz OJ and Hass GG. Plate-activating factor induces acrosome reactions in human sperm.In:proceeding of the Serono Symposium on Fertilization in mammals,Boston,M,A., 1989,pp53(abstract Ⅱ-6)
[24] De Silva M and Pearl Aw. Thyroid stimulating hormane (TSH) causes culumus expansion in mouse oocytes, Biol. Repro., 1993.,48(suppl. 1): 172
[25] Deessy F, et al. Bovine embryos cultured in serum-freee conditioned medium need cooperation to reach the blastocyst stage. Biol. Reprod., 1993,48(suppl. 1): 172
[26] Dieleman SJ and Bevers MM. Development of preovulatory follicles in the cow fron luteolysis until ovulation. In: Follicular Growth and Ovulation Rate in Farm Animals(eds., J.F.Roche and D. O'Callaghan), Martin Nijhoff, 1987,.pp.31-44
[27] Eng LA, et at. T. Effects of incubation temperature and bicarbonate on maturation of pig oocytes in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert., 1986, 76:657-662
[28] Estienne M J, et al.lsolation of a population of intact highly motile porcine spermatozoa using a discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradient. Therogenology, 1988,29:771-778
[29] Fagbohun CF and Downs SM. Maturation of the mouse oocyte-cumulus cell complex: Stimulation by lections. Biol Rerpod., 1990,42:413-423
[30] First NL and Parrish JJ. In vitro fertilization of ruminants. J. Reprod. Fert., 1987, Suppl.,34:151-165
[31] First NL and Parrish JJ. Sperm maturation and in vitro fertilization. Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. & A.I. (Dublin), 1988,5:161-168
[32] Gardner DK and Sakkas D. Mouse embryo cleavage, metabolism and viability:role of derived composition.human Reproduction, 1993,8:288-829
[33] Grimes RW and Ireland JJ. Relationship of microscopic appearance of the surface of bovine ovarian follicles, concentration of steroids in follicullar fluid and maturation of oocytes in vitro. Biol. Reprod,, 1986,35:725-732
[34] Harvey Hb and Kaye L. Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in compacted mouse embryos. Endocrinology, 1988,122:1182-1184
[35] Heyman Y, et al. In vitro cleavage of bovine and ovine early embryos: improved development and using co-culture with trophoblastic vesicles. Therogenology, 1987,27:59-68
[36] Holmgren WJ and Jeyendran RS. Synergistic effect of TEST-yolk buffer treatment and glass wool filtration of spermatozoa on the outcome of the hamster oocyte penetration assay. Human Repruduction, 1993,8:425-427
[37] Ing RMY, et al. A comparison of swim-down and swim-up methods for the extraction of high motility sperm. Fertility and Sterility, 1991,55:817-819
[38] Eritani A, et al. Effect of follicular factors on the IVM-IVF bovine oocytes, Procedding of the Twelfth International Congress on Animal Reprodutin (Hague), 1992,1:342-344
[39] Johnson LA, et al. In votro maturation and fertilization of domestic cat follicular oocytes. Gamete Res., 1989,24:343-356
[40] Khurana NK and Wales RG, Effects of prosraglandins E-2 and F-2 on the metabolism of [U-14C] glucose by mouse morulae-early blastocysta in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert., 1987,79:275-280
[41] Kim N-H, et al. Effect of exogenous glutathione on the in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes. Therogenology, 1999,52:537-547
[42] Krisher RL, et al. Development of porcine embryos from the one-cell stage to blastocyst in mouse oviducts maitainen in organ culture. J. Exp. Zool., 1989a,249:235-239
[43] Kuzan FB, et al. Role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in mouse in vitro fertilization. Therogenology, 1989,31:214
[44] Li LY, et al. Enhanced development of IVF-derived bovine embryos by culturing with mouse embryos. Therogenology, 1993,39:259
[45] Longergan P, et al. Effect of follicle size on the type of bovine obtained for in vitro maturation. Preceeding of the Secenth Meeting of the Euroean Embryo Transfer Association (Cambridge),1991,162
[46] Longergan P, et al. Effect of time of transfer to granulose cell monolayer and cell-stage at 48 hours post-insemination on bovine oocyte development following IVM/IVF/IVC. Proceeding of the Eighth Meeting of the Euroean Embryo Transfer Association (Lyon),1992,178
[47] Loos F de, et al. Morphology of immature bovine oocytes. Gamete Research, 1989, 1989, 24:197-204
[48] Lu KH, et al. Development in vitro of bovine morulae derived from in vitro fertilization of follicular oocytes matured in vitro. Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. And A.I. (Dublin), 1988,3:340(3pp)
[49] Luo H L, Kimura K, Aoki M, t al. Effect of VEGF on the cleavage rate and the development to 4-8 cell stage of the IVM/IVF bovine embryos [J]. J Mammalian Ova Research, 2000, (22): 51
[50] Marquant-Le Guienne B, et al. The effect of glycine in caacitation medium on IVF and further development rates in cow. Theriogenology, 1993
[51] Mckeman SH, et al. Analysis of stimulatory and for in vitro development of hamster one-cell embryos in vitro. Molecular Reproduction and development, 1995,42:188-199
[52] Minami N, et al. Development of hamster two-cell embryos in the isolated mouse oviduct in organ culture system. Gamete Research, 1988,19:235-240
[53] Monaghan P, et al. The effect of maturation time on the subsequent in vitro development of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology, 1993,29:270
[54] Moodie, GR and Graham EF. The effect of incubating sheep ovarious times and temperature on oocyte mathration rates in vitro. Biol. Repro., 1989,40(suppl. 1): 18
[55] Nagao Y, et al. Effect of oxygen concentration on the development of in vitro matured and fertilized bovine oocytes cultured in a protein free medium. Theriogenoiogy, 1993,39:273
[56] Naito K, et al. Effects of follicular fluid on male pronucucieus formation in porcine oocytes matured in vitro, Gamete Research, 1988,21:289-295
[57] Niemann H, et al.The hole of oestrogens in early embryonic development. J. Reprod. Fer. 1989,Suppl,38:73-83
[58] Parrish J.J. et al. Capacitation of bovine spermatozoa by oviduct fluid. Biol. Reprod. 1989,40:1020-1025
[59] Petters PM. et al. Glucose, glutamine and inorganic phosphate in early development of the pig
embryo in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert. 1990,89:269-279
[60] Pieterse MC, et al. Aspiration of bovine oocytes during transvaginal ultrasound scanning of the ovaries. Therioge.nology, 1988,30,751-762
[61] Pinyopummintr T and Bavister BD. Effect of gaseous atmousphere on in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology, 194,41:276
[62] Plante L, et al. In vitro development of bovine and murine embryos in day-7 and day-8 bovine uterine secretions. Theriogenology, 1987,28:907-913
[63] Purvis K and Egdetveit I. Factors affecting sperm yield during swim-up. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 1993, 10:145-150
[64] Rana N, et al. Glasd wool-fitered spermatozoa and their oocyte penetrating capacity. Joural of In Vitro fertilization and Embryo Transfer, 1989,6:280-284
[65] Rao LV, et al. Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on DNA and RNA synthesis and cell number in the early mouse embryo. Biol. Reprod. 1989,40(suppl.1):52
[66] Robl JM, et al. The effect of protein supplements, phosphate and glucose on the in vitro development of IVM-IVF bovine oocytes. Theriogenoiogy, 1991,35:263
[67] Saeki K, et al. In vitro fertilization and development of bovine oocytes matured in serum freee medium. Biol. Reprod. 1991,44:256-260
[68] Sanbusissho A and Threlfal WR. The effect of estrous cow serum on the in vitro maturation and fertilization of the bovine follicular oocyte in vitro. Theriogenology, 1989,31:300-309
[69] Sapienza F, et al. An auto-controlled study in vitro fertilization reveals the benefit of Percoll centritilization to swim-up in the preparation of poor-quality semen. Human Reproduction, 1993,8:1856-1862
[70] Schini SA and Bavister BD. Two-cell block to development of cultured hamster embryos is caused by phosphate and glucose. Biol. Reprud. 1988,39:1183-1192
[71] Sharif H, et al. Development of early bovine embryos in mouse oviduct maintained in organ culture. Theriogenology, 1991,35:270
[72] Sirard MA, et al. Timing for nuclear progression and protein aynthesis necessary for meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes. Biol. Reprod. 1989,23:230
[73] Stubbings RB and Wosik CP. Glass wool versus swim-up separation of bovine spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology, 1991,35:276
[74] Voelkel SA and Hu YX. Effect of gas atmosphere on the development of one-cell bovine embryos in two culture systems. Theriogenology, 1992,37:1117-1131
[75] Watson PF, et al. A quantative comparison of the spontaneous and ionophore-induced acrosome reaction in ejiaculated ram spermatozoa: the effect of temperature, time and individual. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 1991,24:93-108
[76] Winkle LIV. Amino acid transport regulation and early embryo development. Biol. Reprod. 2001,64:1-12
[77] Yang NS, et al. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) of bovine oocytes from stored ovaries. Theriogenology, 1990,33:352
[78] Zhang L, et al. The effect of insulin on maturation and development of in vitro fertilized bovine oocytes. Theriogenology, 1991 a,35:301
[2] 陈大元主编．2000．受精生物学受精机制与生殖工程．北京：科学出版社．
[3] 顾文艺等．精子提取物对绵羊显微受精受精率及胚胎发育影响的研究．西北农业学报，1996，5 (4)：1-4
[4] 李军锋张家骅．表皮生长因子促进胚泡植入的研究进展．黑龙江动物繁殖．2000．8(3)：42-44
[5] 罗海玲等．血管内皮生长因子对牛胚胎体外发育影响的最适添加浓度筛选．云南畜牧兽医2002(4)：3-4
[6] 菅原七郎(原著)，张志超利徐春生(主译)．1994．哺乳动物发育工程实验方法．南京：南京大学出版社
[7] 石德顺．体外受精技术，全国动物胚胎生物技术高级研修班讲义．2002，4：10-54
[8] 王公金 博士论文：附植前小数胚胎中脂肪酸的组成和代谢 1999
[9] 王敏康，张田，王晓燕，廉莉，李劲松，陈大元．2000．几种克服昆明小鼠 2-细胞胚胎发育阻断的培养液研究．动物学报46(1)：81-87
[10] 张梅．生长阅子在植入前胚胎的表达及作用．国外医学妇产科分册．2001，29(3)：154-157
[11] Alfonso NF and Hunter AG. Effects of temperature (37℃ or 39℃) on bovine in vitro fertilization and post-fertilization culture media on subsequent cleavage. Joural of Dairy Science, 1992, Suppl 1:242
[12] Aoyagi Y, et al. Effect of two treatments on semen from different bulls on in vitro fertilization results of bovine oocytes. Therogenology, 1988, 30:973-985
[13] Archibong AE, et al. Development of porcine embryos from one- and two-cell stage to blastocysts in culture medium supplemented with porcine oviductal fluid. Biol. Reprod., 1989,41:1076-1073
[14] Bavister B.D. Role of oviductal secretions in embryonic growth in vivo and in vitro.Therogenology, 1988,29:143-154
[15] Bavister B.D. and Arlotto T. Influence of single amino acids on the development of hamster one-cell embryos in vitro. Molecular Reproduction and Update,1990,1:91-148
[16] Bondioli KR. Effect of glycine and alanine on co-culture of bovine blastocysts. Theriogenology, 1995,43:170
[17] Canseco RS, et al. Effect of microdrop size and number of embryos per microdrop on early murine embryo development. Serono Symposium on Preimplantation Embryo Development, 1991, Abstract Vol.27:1-10
[18] Canseco RS, et al. Embryo density and medium volume effects on early murine embryo development. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and genetics, 1992,9:454-457
[19] Carney EW and Bavister BD. Regulation of hamster embryo development in vitro by carbon dioxide. Biol. Reprod., 1987,36:1155-01163
[20] Cheng WTK, et al. In vitro fertilization of pig and sheep oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro. Theriogenology, 1986,25:146
[21] Crister ES, et al. Acquisition of developmental competence during maturation in vitro. Theriogenology, 1996,25:150
[22] Daya S, et al. Separation of motile human sperm by means of a glass bead column. Gamete Research, 1987, 17:375-387
[23] D'Cruz OJ and Hass GG. Plate-activating factor induces acrosome reactions in human sperm.In:proceeding of the Serono Symposium on Fertilization in mammals,Boston,M,A., 1989,pp53(abstract Ⅱ-6)
[24] De Silva M and Pearl Aw. Thyroid stimulating hormane (TSH) causes culumus expansion in mouse oocytes, Biol. Repro., 1993.,48(suppl. 1): 172
[25] Deessy F, et al. Bovine embryos cultured in serum-freee conditioned medium need cooperation to reach the blastocyst stage. Biol. Reprod., 1993,48(suppl. 1): 172
[26] Dieleman SJ and Bevers MM. Development of preovulatory follicles in the cow fron luteolysis until ovulation. In: Follicular Growth and Ovulation Rate in Farm Animals(eds., J.F.Roche and D. O'Callaghan), Martin Nijhoff, 1987,.pp.31-44
[27] Eng LA, et at. T. Effects of incubation temperature and bicarbonate on maturation of pig oocytes in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert., 1986, 76:657-662
[28] Estienne M J, et al.lsolation of a population of intact highly motile porcine spermatozoa using a discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradient. Therogenology, 1988,29:771-778
[29] Fagbohun CF and Downs SM. Maturation of the mouse oocyte-cumulus cell complex: Stimulation by lections. Biol Rerpod., 1990,42:413-423
[30] First NL and Parrish JJ. In vitro fertilization of ruminants. J. Reprod. Fert., 1987, Suppl.,34:151-165
[31] First NL and Parrish JJ. Sperm maturation and in vitro fertilization. Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. & A.I. (Dublin), 1988,5:161-168
[32] Gardner DK and Sakkas D. Mouse embryo cleavage, metabolism and viability:role of derived composition.human Reproduction, 1993,8:288-829
[33] Grimes RW and Ireland JJ. Relationship of microscopic appearance of the surface of bovine ovarian follicles, concentration of steroids in follicullar fluid and maturation of oocytes in vitro. Biol. Reprod,, 1986,35:725-732
[34] Harvey Hb and Kaye L. Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in compacted mouse embryos. Endocrinology, 1988,122:1182-1184
[35] Heyman Y, et al. In vitro cleavage of bovine and ovine early embryos: improved development and using co-culture with trophoblastic vesicles. Therogenology, 1987,27:59-68
[36] Holmgren WJ and Jeyendran RS. Synergistic effect of TEST-yolk buffer treatment and glass wool filtration of spermatozoa on the outcome of the hamster oocyte penetration assay. Human Repruduction, 1993,8:425-427
[37] Ing RMY, et al. A comparison of swim-down and swim-up methods for the extraction of high motility sperm. Fertility and Sterility, 1991,55:817-819
[38] Eritani A, et al. Effect of follicular factors on the IVM-IVF bovine oocytes, Procedding of the Twelfth International Congress on Animal Reprodutin (Hague), 1992,1:342-344
[39] Johnson LA, et al. In votro maturation and fertilization of domestic cat follicular oocytes. Gamete Res., 1989,24:343-356
[40] Khurana NK and Wales RG, Effects of prosraglandins E-2 and F-2 on the metabolism of [U-14C] glucose by mouse morulae-early blastocysta in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert., 1987,79:275-280
[41] Kim N-H, et al. Effect of exogenous glutathione on the in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes. Therogenology, 1999,52:537-547
[42] Krisher RL, et al. Development of porcine embryos from the one-cell stage to blastocyst in mouse oviducts maitainen in organ culture. J. Exp. Zool., 1989a,249:235-239
[43] Kuzan FB, et al. Role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in mouse in vitro fertilization. Therogenology, 1989,31:214
[44] Li LY, et al. Enhanced development of IVF-derived bovine embryos by culturing with mouse embryos. Therogenology, 1993,39:259
[45] Longergan P, et al. Effect of follicle size on the type of bovine obtained for in vitro maturation. Preceeding of the Secenth Meeting of the Euroean Embryo Transfer Association (Cambridge),1991,162
[46] Longergan P, et al. Effect of time of transfer to granulose cell monolayer and cell-stage at 48 hours post-insemination on bovine oocyte development following IVM/IVF/IVC. Proceeding of the Eighth Meeting of the Euroean Embryo Transfer Association (Lyon),1992,178
[47] Loos F de, et al. Morphology of immature bovine oocytes. Gamete Research, 1989, 1989, 24:197-204
[48] Lu KH, et al. Development in vitro of bovine morulae derived from in vitro fertilization of follicular oocytes matured in vitro. Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. And A.I. (Dublin), 1988,3:340(3pp)
[49] Luo H L, Kimura K, Aoki M, t al. Effect of VEGF on the cleavage rate and the development to 4-8 cell stage of the IVM/IVF bovine embryos [J]. J Mammalian Ova Research, 2000, (22): 51
[50] Marquant-Le Guienne B, et al. The effect of glycine in caacitation medium on IVF and further development rates in cow. Theriogenology, 1993
[51] Mckeman SH, et al. Analysis of stimulatory and for in vitro development of hamster one-cell embryos in vitro. Molecular Reproduction and development, 1995,42:188-199
[52] Minami N, et al. Development of hamster two-cell embryos in the isolated mouse oviduct in organ culture system. Gamete Research, 1988,19:235-240
[53] Monaghan P, et al. The effect of maturation time on the subsequent in vitro development of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology, 1993,29:270
[54] Moodie, GR and Graham EF. The effect of incubating sheep ovarious times and temperature on oocyte mathration rates in vitro. Biol. Repro., 1989,40(suppl. 1): 18
[55] Nagao Y, et al. Effect of oxygen concentration on the development of in vitro matured and fertilized bovine oocytes cultured in a protein free medium. Theriogenoiogy, 1993,39:273
[56] Naito K, et al. Effects of follicular fluid on male pronucucieus formation in porcine oocytes matured in vitro, Gamete Research, 1988,21:289-295
[57] Niemann H, et al.The hole of oestrogens in early embryonic development. J. Reprod. Fer. 1989,Suppl,38:73-83
[58] Parrish J.J. et al. Capacitation of bovine spermatozoa by oviduct fluid. Biol. Reprod. 1989,40:1020-1025
[59] Petters PM. et al. Glucose, glutamine and inorganic phosphate in early development of the pig
embryo in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert. 1990,89:269-279
[60] Pieterse MC, et al. Aspiration of bovine oocytes during transvaginal ultrasound scanning of the ovaries. Therioge.nology, 1988,30,751-762
[61] Pinyopummintr T and Bavister BD. Effect of gaseous atmousphere on in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology, 194,41:276
[62] Plante L, et al. In vitro development of bovine and murine embryos in day-7 and day-8 bovine uterine secretions. Theriogenology, 1987,28:907-913
[63] Purvis K and Egdetveit I. Factors affecting sperm yield during swim-up. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 1993, 10:145-150
[64] Rana N, et al. Glasd wool-fitered spermatozoa and their oocyte penetrating capacity. Joural of In Vitro fertilization and Embryo Transfer, 1989,6:280-284
[65] Rao LV, et al. Effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors on DNA and RNA synthesis and cell number in the early mouse embryo. Biol. Reprod. 1989,40(suppl.1):52
[66] Robl JM, et al. The effect of protein supplements, phosphate and glucose on the in vitro development of IVM-IVF bovine oocytes. Theriogenoiogy, 1991,35:263
[67] Saeki K, et al. In vitro fertilization and development of bovine oocytes matured in serum freee medium. Biol. Reprod. 1991,44:256-260
[68] Sanbusissho A and Threlfal WR. The effect of estrous cow serum on the in vitro maturation and fertilization of the bovine follicular oocyte in vitro. Theriogenology, 1989,31:300-309
[69] Sapienza F, et al. An auto-controlled study in vitro fertilization reveals the benefit of Percoll centritilization to swim-up in the preparation of poor-quality semen. Human Reproduction, 1993,8:1856-1862
[70] Schini SA and Bavister BD. Two-cell block to development of cultured hamster embryos is caused by phosphate and glucose. Biol. Reprud. 1988,39:1183-1192
[71] Sharif H, et al. Development of early bovine embryos in mouse oviduct maintained in organ culture. Theriogenology, 1991,35:270
[72] Sirard MA, et al. Timing for nuclear progression and protein aynthesis necessary for meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes. Biol. Reprod. 1989,23:230
[73] Stubbings RB and Wosik CP. Glass wool versus swim-up separation of bovine spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology, 1991,35:276
[74] Voelkel SA and Hu YX. Effect of gas atmosphere on the development of one-cell bovine embryos in two culture systems. Theriogenology, 1992,37:1117-1131
[75] Watson PF, et al. A quantative comparison of the spontaneous and ionophore-induced acrosome reaction in ejiaculated ram spermatozoa: the effect of temperature, time and individual. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 1991,24:93-108
[76] Winkle LIV. Amino acid transport regulation and early embryo development. Biol. Reprod. 2001,64:1-12
[77] Yang NS, et al. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) of bovine oocytes from stored ovaries. Theriogenology, 1990,33:352
[78] Zhang L, et al. The effect of insulin on maturation and development of in vitro fertilized bovine oocytes. Theriogenology, 1991 a,35:301