西北太平洋副热带逆流区及其邻近海域中尺度涡研究
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摘要
中尺度涡在西北太平洋副热带逆流区活动频繁,是该海区的重要海洋过程。本文通过两种途径对西北太平洋副热带逆流区及其邻近海域的中尺度涡进行了较系统的研究,一是直接利用卫星测高资料提取中尺度涡信息,二是基于海洋模式,采用数据同化技术,联合应用卫星高度计与卫星遥感海面温度以及包括Argo在内的各种温盐剖面资料,对海面高和三维温、盐、流进行长时序数值再分析,由再分析结果对该海区中尺度涡的时空分布、变化规律、生成机制等进行研究。为了获得理想的海面高和三维温、盐、流再分析结果,本文设计了一种基于递归滤波技术的顺次三维变分数据同化方法,其同化效果明显优于传统三维变分法。
目前对该海区中尺度涡的时空分布变化规律的系统研究较少见,本文对1996～2005年期间副热带逆流区及其邻近海域的中尺度涡进行了较系统研究。结果表明,平均每年出现50～70个中尺度涡,其中气旋涡数量略多于反气旋涡,这些中尺度涡的平均半径约170km,涡内外的海面高度差在10cm～40cm之间。春夏季中尺度涡的数量较多,强度较大,涡旋的维持时间也较长,秋冬季是该海区中尺度涡较不活跃的季节。
本文还利用上述再分析结果,分析了该海区正、反涡的移动及其相应的三维结构特征。以切向流速等于5cm/s作为涡旋边界的特征参数,反气旋涡多呈圆锥形,其深度可达1000m～2000m;气旋涡的形状接近圆柱形,其发展深度较浅,通常只有几百米。通过对相应的温度剖面的分析发现,暖核或冷核达到的深度通常比其特征流速发展的深度大几百米甚至上千米,但在100m以浅,冷、暖核特征并不明显,这些结果目前的研究尚少见。
目前的研究较少关注风场在该海区中尺度涡生成和发展过程中的作用。本研究使用NCEP和QuikSCAT风场进行了数值试验,并对风场旋度进行了分析,结果表明该海区中尺度涡生成数量的季节变化与分辨率较高的QuikSCAT风场及其旋度有较好的相关性。通过分析使用不同风场时再分析结果中的中尺度涡生成数量,结果表明采用分辨率较高的QuikSCAT风场作为模式的驱动场时,可以明显改善再分析结果对中尺度涡的再现能力,由此得到的中尺度涡生成数量的季节变化趋势与测高的结果基本一致。这也表明风场对中尺度涡生成数量的季节变化有一定影响。
此外,初步探讨了副热带逆流区及其邻近海域的中尺度涡活动对台湾以东黑潮和吕宋海峡水交换的影响。分析结果表明,该海区的中尺度涡活动会使台湾以东黑潮流量产生较大的波动,但并未发现该海区的中尺度涡通过吕宋海峡进入南海的现象,这一结果有待进一步探讨。
Meso-scale eddies in the region of Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) in the Northwest-Pacific are active and they are important ocean processes in such area. In this study, two methods are used to investigate these eddies' characteristics. One method is analyzing the satellite altimeter data, the other is using reanalysis technology. By analyzing the satellite altimeter data, the distribution and the evolvement of the eddies are studied. To study the eddies' three-dimensional structures and their dynamics in detail, as well as their action on the Kuroshio, an ocean reanalysis system is constructed, which is based on the s-coordinate Princeton Ocean Model (POMs), and three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) ocean data assimilation. Using such reanalysis system, ten years of altimeter data, sea surface temperature data, Argo data and other tempareture and salinity profile data are reprocessed. In order to produce a better reanalysis of the ocean state, a new method of 3DVAR is designed, which is named Sequential 3DVAR (S3DVAR). This assimilation method can retrieve information from larger scale to smaller scale.
Based on the analysis of the satellite altimeter data and the reanalysis of sea surface height during 1996～2005, it is suggested that there are 50～70 eddies in STCC and adjacent area yearly averaged, in which, there are more cyclonic eddies than anticyclonic eddies. The average radius of the eddies is about 170km, and the difference of sea surface heigh between the eddy's center and boundary usually ranges from 10cm to 40cm. It is revealed that there are more eddies in this area in spring and summer, while in autumn and winter their amount decreases and their intensity becomes weaker, and lifetime shorter too.
Based on the reanalysis of current field, the three dimensional structures of the eddies in the area of STCC are studied in detail. When the edge of the meso-scale eddies is set as the position where the rotate velocity is 5cm/s, the anticyclonic eddies are always in the form of taper with depth between 1000m to 2000m. On the contrary, the shapes of cyclonic eddies are generally column with depth several hundred meters. The tempareture field suggests that the depth of cold core of cyclonic eddy or warm core of anticyclonic eddy is very deep, and usually several hundred meters deeper than the depth reached by the current field, while at the depth shallower than 100m, the cold core or warm core of the eddies is not evident.
Most of the researches believe that baroclinic instability is the main source of the eddy kinematic energy in the area of STCC, while the impact of wind on the activity of these eddies is seldom paid attention to. In this study, some numerical experiments are carried out with NCEP and QuikSCAT wind data, and the wind curves of the two sets of data are studied. It is revealed that the seasonal variety of the meso-eddies is obviously correlated to the QuikSCAT wind curves. The result of the study of this thesis indicate that wind curves can evidentily impact on the seasonal variety of the meso-eddies in STCC. It is indicated that, when the QuikSCAT wind is used, the ability of reproduction eddies of the model can be improved.
Based on the reanalysis of current field, the impact of meso-scale eddies on the flux of Kuroshio and Luzon channel is discussed. It is revealed that the action of mesoscale eddies can change the Kuroshio flux obviously, and there is no eddies enter into the South China Sea through Luzon channel.
目前对该海区中尺度涡的时空分布变化规律的系统研究较少见,本文对1996～2005年期间副热带逆流区及其邻近海域的中尺度涡进行了较系统研究。结果表明,平均每年出现50～70个中尺度涡,其中气旋涡数量略多于反气旋涡,这些中尺度涡的平均半径约170km,涡内外的海面高度差在10cm～40cm之间。春夏季中尺度涡的数量较多,强度较大,涡旋的维持时间也较长,秋冬季是该海区中尺度涡较不活跃的季节。
本文还利用上述再分析结果,分析了该海区正、反涡的移动及其相应的三维结构特征。以切向流速等于5cm/s作为涡旋边界的特征参数,反气旋涡多呈圆锥形,其深度可达1000m～2000m;气旋涡的形状接近圆柱形,其发展深度较浅,通常只有几百米。通过对相应的温度剖面的分析发现,暖核或冷核达到的深度通常比其特征流速发展的深度大几百米甚至上千米,但在100m以浅,冷、暖核特征并不明显,这些结果目前的研究尚少见。
目前的研究较少关注风场在该海区中尺度涡生成和发展过程中的作用。本研究使用NCEP和QuikSCAT风场进行了数值试验,并对风场旋度进行了分析,结果表明该海区中尺度涡生成数量的季节变化与分辨率较高的QuikSCAT风场及其旋度有较好的相关性。通过分析使用不同风场时再分析结果中的中尺度涡生成数量,结果表明采用分辨率较高的QuikSCAT风场作为模式的驱动场时,可以明显改善再分析结果对中尺度涡的再现能力,由此得到的中尺度涡生成数量的季节变化趋势与测高的结果基本一致。这也表明风场对中尺度涡生成数量的季节变化有一定影响。
此外,初步探讨了副热带逆流区及其邻近海域的中尺度涡活动对台湾以东黑潮和吕宋海峡水交换的影响。分析结果表明,该海区的中尺度涡活动会使台湾以东黑潮流量产生较大的波动,但并未发现该海区的中尺度涡通过吕宋海峡进入南海的现象,这一结果有待进一步探讨。
Meso-scale eddies in the region of Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) in the Northwest-Pacific are active and they are important ocean processes in such area. In this study, two methods are used to investigate these eddies' characteristics. One method is analyzing the satellite altimeter data, the other is using reanalysis technology. By analyzing the satellite altimeter data, the distribution and the evolvement of the eddies are studied. To study the eddies' three-dimensional structures and their dynamics in detail, as well as their action on the Kuroshio, an ocean reanalysis system is constructed, which is based on the s-coordinate Princeton Ocean Model (POMs), and three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) ocean data assimilation. Using such reanalysis system, ten years of altimeter data, sea surface temperature data, Argo data and other tempareture and salinity profile data are reprocessed. In order to produce a better reanalysis of the ocean state, a new method of 3DVAR is designed, which is named Sequential 3DVAR (S3DVAR). This assimilation method can retrieve information from larger scale to smaller scale.
Based on the analysis of the satellite altimeter data and the reanalysis of sea surface height during 1996～2005, it is suggested that there are 50～70 eddies in STCC and adjacent area yearly averaged, in which, there are more cyclonic eddies than anticyclonic eddies. The average radius of the eddies is about 170km, and the difference of sea surface heigh between the eddy's center and boundary usually ranges from 10cm to 40cm. It is revealed that there are more eddies in this area in spring and summer, while in autumn and winter their amount decreases and their intensity becomes weaker, and lifetime shorter too.
Based on the reanalysis of current field, the three dimensional structures of the eddies in the area of STCC are studied in detail. When the edge of the meso-scale eddies is set as the position where the rotate velocity is 5cm/s, the anticyclonic eddies are always in the form of taper with depth between 1000m to 2000m. On the contrary, the shapes of cyclonic eddies are generally column with depth several hundred meters. The tempareture field suggests that the depth of cold core of cyclonic eddy or warm core of anticyclonic eddy is very deep, and usually several hundred meters deeper than the depth reached by the current field, while at the depth shallower than 100m, the cold core or warm core of the eddies is not evident.
Most of the researches believe that baroclinic instability is the main source of the eddy kinematic energy in the area of STCC, while the impact of wind on the activity of these eddies is seldom paid attention to. In this study, some numerical experiments are carried out with NCEP and QuikSCAT wind data, and the wind curves of the two sets of data are studied. It is revealed that the seasonal variety of the meso-eddies is obviously correlated to the QuikSCAT wind curves. The result of the study of this thesis indicate that wind curves can evidentily impact on the seasonal variety of the meso-eddies in STCC. It is indicated that, when the QuikSCAT wind is used, the ability of reproduction eddies of the model can be improved.
Based on the reanalysis of current field, the impact of meso-scale eddies on the flux of Kuroshio and Luzon channel is discussed. It is revealed that the action of mesoscale eddies can change the Kuroshio flux obviously, and there is no eddies enter into the South China Sea through Luzon channel.
引文
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