链路自适应技术的研究与关键模块的实现
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摘要
无线信道中的多径传播效应和时变特性极大降低了移动通信系统的性能。此外,随着移动通信用户的剧增,频谱资源的匮乏也成了制约无线通信发展的重要原因。链路自适应技术是解决以上难题的关键技术。OFDM技术具有抗多径效应和高频谱利用率的优点。而作为链路自适应技术之一的OFDM动态资源分配技术更是吸引了人们的关注。
本文首先介绍了链路自适应涉及到的部分通信理论,然后描述了自适应编码、功率控制、自动请求重传、OFDM动态资源分配、联合信源信道编码等常用的链路自适应技术。接着,为了提供一个研究OFDM动态资源分配技术的平台,本文介绍了一套以数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor)为核心的OFDM基带系统的部分硬件和部分软件的开发调试过程。在硬件上,本文介绍了该系统中的DSP最小系统板和FIFO接口板的硬件设计过程;在软件上,介绍了基于DVB-T 2K模式的OFDM基带系统的软件部分的调测过程,描述了该系统中信道编码的部分C语言程序的优化过程;为了系统集成,本文还设计了DSP与FPGA、DSP与DSP之间的接口程序,并对系统的接口进行了联调。最后,为下一步工作做准备,本文还对多DSP并行处理技术进行了介绍。
In wireless communication networks, the performance of wireless links is severely degraded due to multi-path propagation effect and time variance characteristics. In addition, with the surge of mobile communication users, the scarcity of frequency spectrum seriously limits the development of wireless communication. Link adaptation is the key technology of solving these problems. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has the strongpoint of effectively combating multi-path effect and high frequency spectrum using efficiency. As one of link adaptation technologies, OFDM dynamic resource allocation technology attracts the attention of researchers.
In this thesis, the basic theory of link adaptation and the key technologies are introduced. Link adaptation, such as Adaptive Modulation Coding, Power Control, Automatic Repeat Request, OFDM dynamic resource allocation technology and joint source channel coding technology etc, are described. In order to investigate OFDM dynamic resource allocation technology, an OFDM baseline system based on Digital Signal Processor is introduced. This system is the hardware platform of investigating OFDM dynamic resource allocation technology. The hardware design of DSP system board and FIFO (First-in First-out) board are introduced emphatically. Furthermore, the debugging of OFDM baseline software of DVB-T 2K model is introduced, and some C language programs of channel coding in this system are optimized. The interface programs from DSP to DSP and FPGA are designed. The interfaces of hardware system are debugged. At last, multi-DSPs parallel processing technology is introduced.
本文首先介绍了链路自适应涉及到的部分通信理论,然后描述了自适应编码、功率控制、自动请求重传、OFDM动态资源分配、联合信源信道编码等常用的链路自适应技术。接着,为了提供一个研究OFDM动态资源分配技术的平台,本文介绍了一套以数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor)为核心的OFDM基带系统的部分硬件和部分软件的开发调试过程。在硬件上,本文介绍了该系统中的DSP最小系统板和FIFO接口板的硬件设计过程;在软件上,介绍了基于DVB-T 2K模式的OFDM基带系统的软件部分的调测过程,描述了该系统中信道编码的部分C语言程序的优化过程;为了系统集成,本文还设计了DSP与FPGA、DSP与DSP之间的接口程序,并对系统的接口进行了联调。最后,为下一步工作做准备,本文还对多DSP并行处理技术进行了介绍。
In wireless communication networks, the performance of wireless links is severely degraded due to multi-path propagation effect and time variance characteristics. In addition, with the surge of mobile communication users, the scarcity of frequency spectrum seriously limits the development of wireless communication. Link adaptation is the key technology of solving these problems. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has the strongpoint of effectively combating multi-path effect and high frequency spectrum using efficiency. As one of link adaptation technologies, OFDM dynamic resource allocation technology attracts the attention of researchers.
In this thesis, the basic theory of link adaptation and the key technologies are introduced. Link adaptation, such as Adaptive Modulation Coding, Power Control, Automatic Repeat Request, OFDM dynamic resource allocation technology and joint source channel coding technology etc, are described. In order to investigate OFDM dynamic resource allocation technology, an OFDM baseline system based on Digital Signal Processor is introduced. This system is the hardware platform of investigating OFDM dynamic resource allocation technology. The hardware design of DSP system board and FIFO (First-in First-out) board are introduced emphatically. Furthermore, the debugging of OFDM baseline software of DVB-T 2K model is introduced, and some C language programs of channel coding in this system are optimized. The interface programs from DSP to DSP and FPGA are designed. The interfaces of hardware system are debugged. At last, multi-DSPs parallel processing technology is introduced.
引文
[1]樊昌信等,通信原理(第四版).北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[2]吴伟陵,牛凯.移动通信原理.北京:电子工业出版社.2005
[3]顾昕钰,李文宇.链路自适应技术在移动通信系统中的应用.电信网技术.2004年.第二期
[4]石晶.多用户OFDM系统中的动态资源分配策略.[硕士学位论文].大连:大连海事大学,2007
[5]郭莹.多用户OFDM系统中的链路自适应技术的研究.[硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2005
[6]马榕.MIMO-OFDM系统自适应资源分配算法研究.[硕士学位论文].兰州:兰州大学,2007
[7]肖嵩.无线信道中的联合信源信道编码研究.[博士学位论文].西安:西安电子科技大学,2004
[8]John G.Proakis.张力军,张宗橙,郑宝玉等译.数字通信(第四版).北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[9]吴伟陵.信息处理与编码.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[10]zh.wikipedia.org
[11]王新梅,肖国镇.纠错码—原理与算法[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[12]周炯槃,庞沁华,续大我等.通信原理.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002
[13]薛德志.移动通信系统中自适应链路技术的研究与实现.[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2005
[14]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新,多载波宽带无线通信技术,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004
[15]李海.OFDMA系统中的比特和子载波动态分配算法研究.[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学
[16]王文博,郑侃,宽带无线通信OFDM技术,北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[17]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[18]肖嵩,张方.无线信道图像的联合信源信道编码速率分配,西安电子科技大学学报,2002年第6期
[19]肖东亮.孙洪.江森等信源—信道联合编码技术在移动通信中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(理工版)2002年2月第48卷第1期
[20]Modestino.J,Daut.D.Combined source-channel coding of images [J].IEEE Trans,on volume27,Issue 11,Nov 1979,pp.1644-1659
[21]Lu J.,Nostratinia A.,B.Aazhang.Progressive source channel coding for images over bursty error channels,in Proc.ICIP,Chicago,Oct.1998:127-131
[22]Muhammad F.Sabir,Hamid Rahim Sheikh,Robert W.Heath,A joint source-channel distortion model for jpeg compression image,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING,VOL.15,NO.6,JUNE 2006,pp1349-1364
[23]Ahmadreza Hedayat,Aria Nosratinia,Performance Analysis and Design Criteria for Finite-Alphabet Source-Channel Codes,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS,VOL.52,NO.11,NOVEMBER 2004,pp1872-1879
[24]Aria Nosratinia,Jin Lu,Behnaam Aazhang,Source-Channel Rate Allocation for Progressive Transmission of Images,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS,VOL.51,NO.2,FEBRUARY 2003,pp186-196
[25]ROBERT E.VAN DYCK,DAVID J.MILLER,Transport of Wireless Video Using Separate,Concatenated,and Joint Source-Channel Coding,PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE,VOL.87,NO.10,OCTOBER 1999,pp1734-1750
[26]Cheung,G.,Zakhor,A.,Bit allocation for joint source/channel coding of scalable video,IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,March 2000,9(3):340-356
[27]Chande V.and Farvardin N.,Progressive transmission of images over memoryless noisy channels,IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,June 2000,18(6):850-860
[28]TMS320C6713B DATASHEET,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,2004
[29]TMS320C6000 DSP Peripherals Overview Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2004
[30]李方慧等,TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[31]TMS320C6000 Multichannel Buffered Serial Port(McBSP) Ref Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,SPRU580A,2003
[32]TMS320C6000 DSP Host Port Interface(HPI) Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2006
[33]TPS54310 DATASHEET,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,2001
[34]季昱,林俊超,余本喜,DSP嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例,北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[35]姜宇柏编著,硬件开发类职位应聘指南 知识精要与试题解析,北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[36]TPS3106xxx DATASHEET,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,2006
[37]SN74AHC123A DATASHEET,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,2000
[38]MT48LC4M32B2 DATASHEET,Micron Technology,Inc.2002
[39]AM29LV400B DATASHEET,Advanced Micro Devices.1998
[40]Shaku Anjanaiah and Vassos Soteriou,Using the TMS320C6000 McBSP as a High Speed Communication Port,Texas Instruments Corporation,2001
[41]TMS320C6000 DSP General-Purpose Input/Output(GPIO) Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2004
[42]IDT7204 DATASHEET,Integrated Device Technology,Inc.1996
[43]TMS320C6000 EMIF TO EXTERNAL FIFO INTERFACE,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,1999
[44]肖志涛,国澄明,朱永松,异步FIFO在实时图像匹配处理机中的应用集成电路应用,电子技术应用,2002年第10期,pp71-73
[45]ETSI EN 300 744 Digital Video Broadcasting(DVB) Frame structure,channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television
[46]TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,1999
[47]TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2004
[48]TMS320C6000 Programmer's Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2006
[49]TMS320C6000 DSP Enhanced Direct Memory Access(EDMA) Controller Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2006
[50]TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface(EMIF) Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2006
[51]钱凯等,多DSP实时图像并行处理系统的实现与性能分析,计算机与数字工程,2006年,第34卷,第12期,pp101-104
[52]黄瑞等,基于ADSP-TS201的多DSP并行系统,现代电子技术,2006年,第21期,pp37-39
[53]潘昉晟等,基于FPGA和多DSP的并行信号处理系统的实现,计算机工程,第32卷,第23期,2006年12月,pp247-249
[2]吴伟陵,牛凯.移动通信原理.北京:电子工业出版社.2005
[3]顾昕钰,李文宇.链路自适应技术在移动通信系统中的应用.电信网技术.2004年.第二期
[4]石晶.多用户OFDM系统中的动态资源分配策略.[硕士学位论文].大连:大连海事大学,2007
[5]郭莹.多用户OFDM系统中的链路自适应技术的研究.[硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2005
[6]马榕.MIMO-OFDM系统自适应资源分配算法研究.[硕士学位论文].兰州:兰州大学,2007
[7]肖嵩.无线信道中的联合信源信道编码研究.[博士学位论文].西安:西安电子科技大学,2004
[8]John G.Proakis.张力军,张宗橙,郑宝玉等译.数字通信(第四版).北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[9]吴伟陵.信息处理与编码.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[10]zh.wikipedia.org
[11]王新梅,肖国镇.纠错码—原理与算法[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[12]周炯槃,庞沁华,续大我等.通信原理.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002
[13]薛德志.移动通信系统中自适应链路技术的研究与实现.[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2005
[14]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新,多载波宽带无线通信技术,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004
[15]李海.OFDMA系统中的比特和子载波动态分配算法研究.[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学
[16]王文博,郑侃,宽带无线通信OFDM技术,北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[17]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[18]肖嵩,张方.无线信道图像的联合信源信道编码速率分配,西安电子科技大学学报,2002年第6期
[19]肖东亮.孙洪.江森等信源—信道联合编码技术在移动通信中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(理工版)2002年2月第48卷第1期
[20]Modestino.J,Daut.D.Combined source-channel coding of images [J].IEEE Trans,on volume27,Issue 11,Nov 1979,pp.1644-1659
[21]Lu J.,Nostratinia A.,B.Aazhang.Progressive source channel coding for images over bursty error channels,in Proc.ICIP,Chicago,Oct.1998:127-131
[22]Muhammad F.Sabir,Hamid Rahim Sheikh,Robert W.Heath,A joint source-channel distortion model for jpeg compression image,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING,VOL.15,NO.6,JUNE 2006,pp1349-1364
[23]Ahmadreza Hedayat,Aria Nosratinia,Performance Analysis and Design Criteria for Finite-Alphabet Source-Channel Codes,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS,VOL.52,NO.11,NOVEMBER 2004,pp1872-1879
[24]Aria Nosratinia,Jin Lu,Behnaam Aazhang,Source-Channel Rate Allocation for Progressive Transmission of Images,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS,VOL.51,NO.2,FEBRUARY 2003,pp186-196
[25]ROBERT E.VAN DYCK,DAVID J.MILLER,Transport of Wireless Video Using Separate,Concatenated,and Joint Source-Channel Coding,PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE,VOL.87,NO.10,OCTOBER 1999,pp1734-1750
[26]Cheung,G.,Zakhor,A.,Bit allocation for joint source/channel coding of scalable video,IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,March 2000,9(3):340-356
[27]Chande V.and Farvardin N.,Progressive transmission of images over memoryless noisy channels,IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,June 2000,18(6):850-860
[28]TMS320C6713B DATASHEET,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,2004
[29]TMS320C6000 DSP Peripherals Overview Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2004
[30]李方慧等,TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[31]TMS320C6000 Multichannel Buffered Serial Port(McBSP) Ref Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,SPRU580A,2003
[32]TMS320C6000 DSP Host Port Interface(HPI) Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2006
[33]TPS54310 DATASHEET,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,2001
[34]季昱,林俊超,余本喜,DSP嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例,北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[35]姜宇柏编著,硬件开发类职位应聘指南 知识精要与试题解析,北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[36]TPS3106xxx DATASHEET,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,2006
[37]SN74AHC123A DATASHEET,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,2000
[38]MT48LC4M32B2 DATASHEET,Micron Technology,Inc.2002
[39]AM29LV400B DATASHEET,Advanced Micro Devices.1998
[40]Shaku Anjanaiah and Vassos Soteriou,Using the TMS320C6000 McBSP as a High Speed Communication Port,Texas Instruments Corporation,2001
[41]TMS320C6000 DSP General-Purpose Input/Output(GPIO) Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2004
[42]IDT7204 DATASHEET,Integrated Device Technology,Inc.1996
[43]TMS320C6000 EMIF TO EXTERNAL FIFO INTERFACE,TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,1999
[44]肖志涛,国澄明,朱永松,异步FIFO在实时图像匹配处理机中的应用集成电路应用,电子技术应用,2002年第10期,pp71-73
[45]ETSI EN 300 744 Digital Video Broadcasting(DVB) Frame structure,channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television
[46]TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,1999
[47]TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2004
[48]TMS320C6000 Programmer's Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2006
[49]TMS320C6000 DSP Enhanced Direct Memory Access(EDMA) Controller Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2006
[50]TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface(EMIF) Reference Guide,Texas Instruments Corporation,2006
[51]钱凯等,多DSP实时图像并行处理系统的实现与性能分析,计算机与数字工程,2006年,第34卷,第12期,pp101-104
[52]黄瑞等,基于ADSP-TS201的多DSP并行系统,现代电子技术,2006年,第21期,pp37-39
[53]潘昉晟等,基于FPGA和多DSP的并行信号处理系统的实现,计算机工程,第32卷,第23期,2006年12月,pp247-249