基于工作流知识的建模研究与实现
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摘要
知识丰富的工作流系统在实现企业过程重组、面向过程的应用等方面显示了强大的功能和广阔的应用前景。目前相对知识工作流产品的实现技术和发展速度而言,基于工作流知识的建模理论的研究相对滞后,在建模方法上还没形成比较系统化的理论。传统的工作流建模技术采用的是预先完全定义流程的方法,这种方法不适应于知识丰富的工作流系统的动态环境,导致了工作流管理系统缺乏足够的灵活性。建立灵活的、领域无关的知识丰富的动态工作流生成机制成为亟待解决的问题。
针对以上问题,本文在现有理论及研究的基础上,结合企业应用需求,提出了一个基于工作流知识的建模方法。本文研究的目标是建立了一个包含工作流组织-角色模型、工作流过程模型、工作流资源模型和工作流上下文环境分析的敏捷工作流扩展模型。
文中基于工作流知识的建模技术指的就是知识丰富的工作流建模技术。
本文的主要成果和创新点如下:
第一,针对工作流知识的建模技术进行分析,提出建模的关键是“如何合理有效的表示知识”,即知识表示问题。本文将基于工作流的知识分为两类,系统层知识和应用层知识,系统环境知识是指系统资源实体以及实体关系,资源性能和使用策略等特性的形式化表述;应用层知识则包含业务流程经验,用户偏好,使用策略约束以及其他业务过程相关的知识。
第二,采用了框架法对基于系统层知识的工作流建模。框架表示法在给定的状况下,通过设计能决定其本身的可利用性,有利于“目标驱动”的处理。框架的知识组织方式也有利于工作流的推理,而且框架是本体形式化的表示方法之一,因此框架是基于系统层知识的工作流建模的理想方法。本文给出了工作流模型的框架构造及知识表示,通过定义三种类型的基本框架完成了基于系统层知识的工作流建模。
第三,采用了工作流运转模式对工作流应用层知识建模。工作流运转模式是近年来新兴的技术,本文将工作流运转模式定义为一种业务知识表示结构,用来描述在特定上下文场景中,可以完成特定目标的、流程定义的最佳实践。其中定义:问题在工作流运转模式中,就是需要解决的业务目标,场景用来描述问题所在的上下文环境特点,而解决方案部分为完成模式目标的业务流程定义片断。本文最后给出了基于应用层知识的工作流模型,并采用了目标驱动模式代替传统的直接调用模式,提高工作流执行的灵活性与自适应性。
第四,引入人工智能领域的规划技术,应用到了动态构建工作流中。由于采用了工作流运转模式的知识表示方法,本文就使用了面向模式的规划方法,对人工智能规划方法进行了扩展,该规划算法是工作流动态生成的核心部分。
第五,对系统层知识和应用层知识的建模进行了集成,由于系统层知识和应用层知识的表示都是采用了本体技术,可以很好的解决知识的设计、表达、检索和重用等问题。该模型不仅知识丰富而且支持多领域的应用。
本文建立了基于知识的敏捷性工作流模型。并应用到课题组的项目中,针对加油站管理系统进行了应用实践,实现了该模型在加油站客户记账流程中的决策支持。
Knowledge-rich workflow systems have shown powerful capabilities and promising extensive application in many fields such as Business Process Reengineering (BPR) and Process-Oriented Application. Compared with actualization and development pace of knowledge-based workflow, theoretical research on knowledge-based workflow modeling has lagged behind. No systematic theory has been developed on modeling methodology. Traditionally, the modeling techniques of workflow are mainly based on complete pre-definition of flows, which do not apply to the dynamic knowledge-rich workflow systems. Consequently, the Workflow Management Systems (WfMS) based on this approach lack flexibility. Hence there is an urgent need to establish a mechanism to generate a flexible, domain-independent knowledge-rich dynamic workflow.
In view of the above problems, a knowledge-based workflow modeling method is proposed in this thesis, and a feasible extended workflow model consisting of organizations-role model, workflow process model, workflow resource model and workflow contextual analysis is flexibly built up on the basis of the existing theories and researches, taking into account enterprise application needs.
In this paper, based on knowledge workflow technology refers to knowledge-rich workflow modeling technology.
The originality and innovation of the work presented in this thesis are as following:
1) It is pointed out after analyzing workflow knowledge-based modeling techniques that the critical work in modeling is“how to represent knowledge appropriately and efficiently”, i.e., knowledge representing, The Workflow knowledge is classified into two categories: System Layer knowledge and Application Layer knowledge. The System layer knowledge includes the system resource entities and their relationship, and the formulation of resource performance and operating strategy etc; while the application layer knowledge contains business process experience, user preferences, operating strategy restrictions as well as other business-related knowledge.
2) A framework is adopted in modeling workflow system-layer knowledge. The representation using a framework conforms to goal-driven disposal. In given scenarios, it enables the determining of the self-applicability or providing other frameworks. The knowledge organization of framework helps workflow illation, framework also being one of the ontology formalization approaches and the ideal modeling method based on system layer knowledge. The framework construction and the knowledge representation of the workflow modeling are provided in this thesis, the three types of framework being defined and thus modeling based on system layer knowledge being achieved.
3) Workflow transition pattern, a cutting-edge technology, is applied in modeling application layer knowledge. In this thesis, process model is defined as a representation structure of business knowledge, denoting the best practice of completing particular goals and process definition in specific context. In this pattern, problems are defined as the business goals to be achieved; scenarios as the context of problems,while the solutions as the workflowlets of the business process which are capable of achieving the business goals. Then the model based on application layer workflow knowledge is presented, which uses goal-driven pattern instead of traditional direct calling pattern, and thereby improves the flexibility and adaptability of the workflow execution.
4) The programming techniques from Artificial Intelligence is introduced and applied to the dynamic construction of workflow. Since the transition pattern is used on the knowledge representation, accordingly the pattern-oriented programming techniques are selected and the programming approach of artificial intelligence is further extended. The pattern-oriented programming approach with the extension of programming approach of artificial intelligence is the core of workflow construction.
5) The modeling of system layer knowledge and application layer knowledge are integrated. As both the system layer knowledge and the application layer knowledge are represented by using ontology technology, the problems on representation, searching and reuse of design knowledge, can be appropriately resolved. A knowledge-based workflow model is ultimately constructed in the thesis, which has been applied to the project of gas station management system and turns out to be feasible.
针对以上问题,本文在现有理论及研究的基础上,结合企业应用需求,提出了一个基于工作流知识的建模方法。本文研究的目标是建立了一个包含工作流组织-角色模型、工作流过程模型、工作流资源模型和工作流上下文环境分析的敏捷工作流扩展模型。
文中基于工作流知识的建模技术指的就是知识丰富的工作流建模技术。
本文的主要成果和创新点如下:
第一,针对工作流知识的建模技术进行分析,提出建模的关键是“如何合理有效的表示知识”,即知识表示问题。本文将基于工作流的知识分为两类,系统层知识和应用层知识,系统环境知识是指系统资源实体以及实体关系,资源性能和使用策略等特性的形式化表述;应用层知识则包含业务流程经验,用户偏好,使用策略约束以及其他业务过程相关的知识。
第二,采用了框架法对基于系统层知识的工作流建模。框架表示法在给定的状况下,通过设计能决定其本身的可利用性,有利于“目标驱动”的处理。框架的知识组织方式也有利于工作流的推理,而且框架是本体形式化的表示方法之一,因此框架是基于系统层知识的工作流建模的理想方法。本文给出了工作流模型的框架构造及知识表示,通过定义三种类型的基本框架完成了基于系统层知识的工作流建模。
第三,采用了工作流运转模式对工作流应用层知识建模。工作流运转模式是近年来新兴的技术,本文将工作流运转模式定义为一种业务知识表示结构,用来描述在特定上下文场景中,可以完成特定目标的、流程定义的最佳实践。其中定义:问题在工作流运转模式中,就是需要解决的业务目标,场景用来描述问题所在的上下文环境特点,而解决方案部分为完成模式目标的业务流程定义片断。本文最后给出了基于应用层知识的工作流模型,并采用了目标驱动模式代替传统的直接调用模式,提高工作流执行的灵活性与自适应性。
第四,引入人工智能领域的规划技术,应用到了动态构建工作流中。由于采用了工作流运转模式的知识表示方法,本文就使用了面向模式的规划方法,对人工智能规划方法进行了扩展,该规划算法是工作流动态生成的核心部分。
第五,对系统层知识和应用层知识的建模进行了集成,由于系统层知识和应用层知识的表示都是采用了本体技术,可以很好的解决知识的设计、表达、检索和重用等问题。该模型不仅知识丰富而且支持多领域的应用。
本文建立了基于知识的敏捷性工作流模型。并应用到课题组的项目中,针对加油站管理系统进行了应用实践,实现了该模型在加油站客户记账流程中的决策支持。
Knowledge-rich workflow systems have shown powerful capabilities and promising extensive application in many fields such as Business Process Reengineering (BPR) and Process-Oriented Application. Compared with actualization and development pace of knowledge-based workflow, theoretical research on knowledge-based workflow modeling has lagged behind. No systematic theory has been developed on modeling methodology. Traditionally, the modeling techniques of workflow are mainly based on complete pre-definition of flows, which do not apply to the dynamic knowledge-rich workflow systems. Consequently, the Workflow Management Systems (WfMS) based on this approach lack flexibility. Hence there is an urgent need to establish a mechanism to generate a flexible, domain-independent knowledge-rich dynamic workflow.
In view of the above problems, a knowledge-based workflow modeling method is proposed in this thesis, and a feasible extended workflow model consisting of organizations-role model, workflow process model, workflow resource model and workflow contextual analysis is flexibly built up on the basis of the existing theories and researches, taking into account enterprise application needs.
In this paper, based on knowledge workflow technology refers to knowledge-rich workflow modeling technology.
The originality and innovation of the work presented in this thesis are as following:
1) It is pointed out after analyzing workflow knowledge-based modeling techniques that the critical work in modeling is“how to represent knowledge appropriately and efficiently”, i.e., knowledge representing, The Workflow knowledge is classified into two categories: System Layer knowledge and Application Layer knowledge. The System layer knowledge includes the system resource entities and their relationship, and the formulation of resource performance and operating strategy etc; while the application layer knowledge contains business process experience, user preferences, operating strategy restrictions as well as other business-related knowledge.
2) A framework is adopted in modeling workflow system-layer knowledge. The representation using a framework conforms to goal-driven disposal. In given scenarios, it enables the determining of the self-applicability or providing other frameworks. The knowledge organization of framework helps workflow illation, framework also being one of the ontology formalization approaches and the ideal modeling method based on system layer knowledge. The framework construction and the knowledge representation of the workflow modeling are provided in this thesis, the three types of framework being defined and thus modeling based on system layer knowledge being achieved.
3) Workflow transition pattern, a cutting-edge technology, is applied in modeling application layer knowledge. In this thesis, process model is defined as a representation structure of business knowledge, denoting the best practice of completing particular goals and process definition in specific context. In this pattern, problems are defined as the business goals to be achieved; scenarios as the context of problems,while the solutions as the workflowlets of the business process which are capable of achieving the business goals. Then the model based on application layer workflow knowledge is presented, which uses goal-driven pattern instead of traditional direct calling pattern, and thereby improves the flexibility and adaptability of the workflow execution.
4) The programming techniques from Artificial Intelligence is introduced and applied to the dynamic construction of workflow. Since the transition pattern is used on the knowledge representation, accordingly the pattern-oriented programming techniques are selected and the programming approach of artificial intelligence is further extended. The pattern-oriented programming approach with the extension of programming approach of artificial intelligence is the core of workflow construction.
5) The modeling of system layer knowledge and application layer knowledge are integrated. As both the system layer knowledge and the application layer knowledge are represented by using ontology technology, the problems on representation, searching and reuse of design knowledge, can be appropriately resolved. A knowledge-based workflow model is ultimately constructed in the thesis, which has been applied to the project of gas station management system and turns out to be feasible.
引文
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[2] Nissen ME.An Extended Model of Knowledge-flow Dynamics. Communications of the Association for Information Systems,2002,8:25l-266.
[3] Zhuge H.A Knowledge Flow Model for peer-to-peer Team Knowledge Sharing and Management. Expert Systems with Applications,2002,23(1):23-30.
[4] Dou WC,Cai SJ,Zhang FY.Modeling and Supervision of A Workflow System Oriented toward The Knowledge-based Application and Interaction.Journal of Computer Research and Development,2003,40(2):342-350(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5] Zhao JL,Kumar A,Stohr EA.Workflow-Centdc Information Distribution Through Email. Journal of Management Information Systems,2000-200l,l 7(3):45-72.
[6] Wolverton M.Exploiting Enterprise Models for The Automatic Distribution of Corporate Information. In:Golshani F,Makki K,eds.Proc.Of the 6th ACM Int’l Conf. On Information and Knowledge Management. New York:ACM Press,1997:341-347.
[7] Diimitrios Georgakopoulos,Mark Hornick.An Overview of Workflow Management: From Process Modeling to Workflow Automation Infrastructure. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1995, (3):119-153.
[8] Methias Weska,Gottfried Vossen.Workflow Languages,University of Muenster, Germany[j].2006,7
[9] MarkusKradolfer,Andreas Geppert.Modeling Concepts for Workflow Specification. Technical Report,University of Zurich.
[10] 李景洲.基于工作流建模技术的信息系统开发方法[D].中国科学院博士学位论文,2001,6.
[11] Hollingsworth D. The workflow reference model[R]. Workflow Management Coalition. 1995.
[12] 梁爱南.工作流模型的形式化研究[D].湖南工业大学硕士学位论文,2007,6.
[13] 奥古斯特一威廉.希乐(著),李清(译).集成的信息系统体系结构(ARIS)-经营过程建模.北京机械工业出版社, 2003.
[14] 冯卫兵.基于 Petri 网的工作流模型[D].西北大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[15] IBM Corp. IBM MQSeries Workflow Concepts and Architecture Version 3.3 Reference Book, March 2001.http://www.ibm.com/softwar/ts/mqseries/workflow.
[16] Haibin Luo, Yushun Fan.CIMflow:a workflow management system based on integration platformenvironment[c].Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 1999. Proceedings. ETFA apos;99. 1999 7th IEEE International Conference ,1999(1):233- 241 .
[17] 范玉顺.工作流管理技术基础.清华大学出版社,2001.
[18] 张少华,向勇,沈浴竹,姜进磊,史美林.POWER:知识丰富的智能网格工作流框架.通信学报, 1000-436X(2006)11-0125-09,2006.
[19] Gregor Joeris,Otthein Herzog.Towards Object-Oriented Modeling and Enacting of Processes. TZI-Report 07/98,Center of Computing Technologies,University of Bremen,1998.
[20] 肖郑进.面向企业应用的工作流精简建模研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2006,3.
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