起重机减速器变位斜齿轮副有限元仿真分析与研究
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摘要
斜齿轮传动具有啮合性能好、承载能力强和传动平稳等优点,因此在矿山、冶金等领域得到广泛的应用。由于起重机减速器斜齿轮传动用于高速重载场合,齿面的接触疲劳和齿根弯曲应力太大造成的齿面胶合和轮齿断裂为主要失效形式,失效所导致的后果往往是十分严重甚至是灾难性的,因此,齿轮接触疲劳强度和齿根弯曲疲劳强度计算是起重机减速器齿轮传动设计的重要内容。传统的齿轮强度计算多为近似计算,只是静态下的强度校核,并且在计算过程中存在多种假设,相对于传统计算,有限元法具有快速、准确可靠、计算灵活等优点。
由于斜齿轮传动具有很强的误差敏感性,因此建立精确的斜齿轮模型是进行强度分析的前提和基础。本文利用参数化设计语言APDL对渐开线变位斜齿轮参数化建模进行了深入研究,实现了基于扫描造型法的斜齿轮副的实体建模,并利用用户界面开发语言UIDL开发了界面友好的齿轮专用建模模块,大大提高了斜齿轮参数化有限元分析的效率。
基于ANSYS平台建立了变位斜齿轮副多齿对啮合的有限元非线性接触分析模型,对齿轮副的动态啮合性能进行了仿真分析,得出瞬态啮合时轮齿的接触状态、接触应力、齿根弯曲应力及主从动齿轮的转矩、转速随啮合位置变化的规律,同时求得斜齿轮副最劣啮合接触位置,并在此位置进行了静态接触强度分析。齿轮轮齿的疲劳破坏是起重机减速器失效的主要原因,本文对轮齿齿根弯曲疲劳寿命分析预测进行了较深入研究,以齿轮副动态啮合有限元分析和最劣啮合位置静强度接触分析为基础并结合其后处理数据,根据线性累计损伤理论对齿轮的弯曲疲劳寿命进行了仿真分析。
Helical gears drive has advantages of good engagement performance, heavy loading capability and smooth transmission. It is widely used in mine, metallurgy and other fields. As the helical gear drive of crane reducer is used in high-speed and overload situations, pitting of gear surface and tooth breaking, which are respectively caused by excessive tooth contact stress and tooth root bending stress, are the main failure modes. The consequences of failure is very serious or even catastrophic. Therefore, the calculation of contact fatigue strength of gearing tooth surfaces and bending-fatigue strength of tooth root is very important in the process of gear design for crane reducer. Traditional methods of gear strength calculation are mostly the static stress analysis and approximate calculation with multiple hypotheses. Compared with the traditional computing, finite element method has advantages of rapid, accurate, reliable and flexible.
As the helical gear drive has strong error sensitivity, Building accurate models of helical gears is the premise and foundation for strength analysis. Parametric modeling of involute modified helical gear by program language of APDL is deeply researched. Solid modeling of helical gear pair is builded by scanning representation method. To improve the efficiency of solid modeling and parametric finite element analysis, a special program for gear modeling with friendly User Interface is programmed by program language of UIDL.
The non-linear contact finite element analysis model of helical gear pair multi-tooth engagement is established based on ANSYS. Then the dynamic simulation analysis for gear pair is carried out, the contact state and contact stress of tooth, bending stress of tooth root, and the variations of the primary driven gear's torque and rotational speed at the any meshing position are respectively obtained. The most evil place is simultaneously determined, and the static contact strength analysis was carried out in this location.
The fatigue damage of gear tooth is the main reason for failure in crane reducer. This paper has a in-depth research on analysis and prediction for the gear fatigue life. Based on the finite element analysis of dynamic meshing gears and contact analysis of static strength for the worst gear location and combined with subsequent data processing, the bending fatigue life of gear is simulated according to the linear cumulative damage theory.
由于斜齿轮传动具有很强的误差敏感性,因此建立精确的斜齿轮模型是进行强度分析的前提和基础。本文利用参数化设计语言APDL对渐开线变位斜齿轮参数化建模进行了深入研究,实现了基于扫描造型法的斜齿轮副的实体建模,并利用用户界面开发语言UIDL开发了界面友好的齿轮专用建模模块,大大提高了斜齿轮参数化有限元分析的效率。
基于ANSYS平台建立了变位斜齿轮副多齿对啮合的有限元非线性接触分析模型,对齿轮副的动态啮合性能进行了仿真分析,得出瞬态啮合时轮齿的接触状态、接触应力、齿根弯曲应力及主从动齿轮的转矩、转速随啮合位置变化的规律,同时求得斜齿轮副最劣啮合接触位置,并在此位置进行了静态接触强度分析。齿轮轮齿的疲劳破坏是起重机减速器失效的主要原因,本文对轮齿齿根弯曲疲劳寿命分析预测进行了较深入研究,以齿轮副动态啮合有限元分析和最劣啮合位置静强度接触分析为基础并结合其后处理数据,根据线性累计损伤理论对齿轮的弯曲疲劳寿命进行了仿真分析。
Helical gears drive has advantages of good engagement performance, heavy loading capability and smooth transmission. It is widely used in mine, metallurgy and other fields. As the helical gear drive of crane reducer is used in high-speed and overload situations, pitting of gear surface and tooth breaking, which are respectively caused by excessive tooth contact stress and tooth root bending stress, are the main failure modes. The consequences of failure is very serious or even catastrophic. Therefore, the calculation of contact fatigue strength of gearing tooth surfaces and bending-fatigue strength of tooth root is very important in the process of gear design for crane reducer. Traditional methods of gear strength calculation are mostly the static stress analysis and approximate calculation with multiple hypotheses. Compared with the traditional computing, finite element method has advantages of rapid, accurate, reliable and flexible.
As the helical gear drive has strong error sensitivity, Building accurate models of helical gears is the premise and foundation for strength analysis. Parametric modeling of involute modified helical gear by program language of APDL is deeply researched. Solid modeling of helical gear pair is builded by scanning representation method. To improve the efficiency of solid modeling and parametric finite element analysis, a special program for gear modeling with friendly User Interface is programmed by program language of UIDL.
The non-linear contact finite element analysis model of helical gear pair multi-tooth engagement is established based on ANSYS. Then the dynamic simulation analysis for gear pair is carried out, the contact state and contact stress of tooth, bending stress of tooth root, and the variations of the primary driven gear's torque and rotational speed at the any meshing position are respectively obtained. The most evil place is simultaneously determined, and the static contact strength analysis was carried out in this location.
The fatigue damage of gear tooth is the main reason for failure in crane reducer. This paper has a in-depth research on analysis and prediction for the gear fatigue life. Based on the finite element analysis of dynamic meshing gears and contact analysis of static strength for the worst gear location and combined with subsequent data processing, the bending fatigue life of gear is simulated according to the linear cumulative damage theory.
引文
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