油气管线光纤反射与散射结合的新型传感检测系统
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摘要
随着油气工业自动化、信息化的发展，在石油工业输油气管线的管道在线检测和无损安全监控领域，分布式光纤传感技术以其抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀、长期稳定并且抗高辐射特性的优势引起了人们极大关注。
本文对准分布式光纤Bragg光栅温度、压力传感和分布式光纤瑞利背向散射传感进行了系统研究后，研究设计了一种适用于输油气管线的基于光纤反射和散射结合的全光纤新型传感检测网络，论文分别从理论和实验深入研究了全分布式光纤传感系统，主要内容如下：
首先，分析了分布式和准分布式光纤传感发展现状及应用，研究了光纤光栅传感检测的基本原理和特性，在此基础上建立并优化了光纤光栅温度应变传感的理论模型。
其次，重点对光纤光栅压力传感、温度传感和双参量同时区分传感进行了实验研究，并创新性研制出五种新颖的传感器结构。实验结果表明：光纤光栅温度压力传感有很好的线性度，重复性和无迟滞，可适用于输油气管线温度、压力检测。并在此基础上提出了一种单光纤光栅温度压强同时区分测量传感器的结构及封装模型。
然后，分析了基于光纤瑞利背向散射光时域分析的原理和关键技术，研制了一种AD(150Mbps，12位)、RAM和FPGA三种高速可编程微控制器的有机组合的分布式光纤传感系统，设计了多功能数字化解调系统的硬件和软件，有效地提高了系统的解调和数据处理速度。
最后，采用波分复用技术，拟定了基于光纤光栅和光纤的大动态范围、高灵敏度的分布式全光纤系统方案，该方案适用于长距离输油气管线的安全监控，并提出了进一步完善整个系统的方向。
With the automation and information development of oil and gas industry, distributedoptical fiber sensing technology aroused great concern in the non-destructive oil and gaspipeline safety monitoring tests due to its merit, such as anti-electromagnetic interference,corrosion resistance, long-term stability and resistance to high radiation.
Based on systematically study of Fiber Bragg grating temperature, pressure sensing anddistributed fiber Rayleigh backscattering sensing, we proposed all fiber-optic pipelinedetection networks. This paper studied theoretically and experimentally in-depthly the fullydistributed fiber optic sensing system, the major elements are as follows:
First of all, the development and application status of distributed and quasi-distributedoptical fiber sensing and their applications were summarized, the basic transmission principlesand characteristics in optical fiber and fiber grating were analyzed in-depthly, and FBGtemperature and strain sensing principle model was established.
Second, fiber grating pressure sensor, temperature sensor and two-parametersimultaneous measurement techniques were studied，and five new innovative sensing devicewere developed. The results show that: fiber grating sensor devices have good temperature andpressure response linearity and repeatability, no significant hysteresis, applicable to pipelinetemperature and pressure testing. And on this basis，the theoretical model of a single fiberBragg grating simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure was proposed.
Then, the principles and key technologies of optical time domain based on fiber Rayleighbackscattering were analyzed; the new innovative optical time domain analysis based on threetypes of high-speed programmable micro-controller system of AD chips(150Mbps), RAM andFPGA was developed for the development of today's optical time domain analysis.Multi-function Digital demodulation hardware and software were designed, which effectivelyimprove the system of demodulation and data processing speed.
Finally, high dynamic range and high sensitivity of all-fiber distributed system solutionswere developed by using WDM technology, which is suitable for long-distance oil and gaspipeline transportation safety monitoring. Further improve of system and the directions offuture work were proposed.
本文对准分布式光纤Bragg光栅温度、压力传感和分布式光纤瑞利背向散射传感进行了系统研究后，研究设计了一种适用于输油气管线的基于光纤反射和散射结合的全光纤新型传感检测网络，论文分别从理论和实验深入研究了全分布式光纤传感系统，主要内容如下：
首先，分析了分布式和准分布式光纤传感发展现状及应用，研究了光纤光栅传感检测的基本原理和特性，在此基础上建立并优化了光纤光栅温度应变传感的理论模型。
其次，重点对光纤光栅压力传感、温度传感和双参量同时区分传感进行了实验研究，并创新性研制出五种新颖的传感器结构。实验结果表明：光纤光栅温度压力传感有很好的线性度，重复性和无迟滞，可适用于输油气管线温度、压力检测。并在此基础上提出了一种单光纤光栅温度压强同时区分测量传感器的结构及封装模型。
然后，分析了基于光纤瑞利背向散射光时域分析的原理和关键技术，研制了一种AD(150Mbps，12位)、RAM和FPGA三种高速可编程微控制器的有机组合的分布式光纤传感系统，设计了多功能数字化解调系统的硬件和软件，有效地提高了系统的解调和数据处理速度。
最后，采用波分复用技术，拟定了基于光纤光栅和光纤的大动态范围、高灵敏度的分布式全光纤系统方案，该方案适用于长距离输油气管线的安全监控，并提出了进一步完善整个系统的方向。
With the automation and information development of oil and gas industry, distributedoptical fiber sensing technology aroused great concern in the non-destructive oil and gaspipeline safety monitoring tests due to its merit, such as anti-electromagnetic interference,corrosion resistance, long-term stability and resistance to high radiation.
Based on systematically study of Fiber Bragg grating temperature, pressure sensing anddistributed fiber Rayleigh backscattering sensing, we proposed all fiber-optic pipelinedetection networks. This paper studied theoretically and experimentally in-depthly the fullydistributed fiber optic sensing system, the major elements are as follows:
First of all, the development and application status of distributed and quasi-distributedoptical fiber sensing and their applications were summarized, the basic transmission principlesand characteristics in optical fiber and fiber grating were analyzed in-depthly, and FBGtemperature and strain sensing principle model was established.
Second, fiber grating pressure sensor, temperature sensor and two-parametersimultaneous measurement techniques were studied，and five new innovative sensing devicewere developed. The results show that: fiber grating sensor devices have good temperature andpressure response linearity and repeatability, no significant hysteresis, applicable to pipelinetemperature and pressure testing. And on this basis，the theoretical model of a single fiberBragg grating simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure was proposed.
Then, the principles and key technologies of optical time domain based on fiber Rayleighbackscattering were analyzed; the new innovative optical time domain analysis based on threetypes of high-speed programmable micro-controller system of AD chips(150Mbps), RAM andFPGA was developed for the development of today's optical time domain analysis.Multi-function Digital demodulation hardware and software were designed, which effectivelyimprove the system of demodulation and data processing speed.
Finally, high dynamic range and high sensitivity of all-fiber distributed system solutionswere developed by using WDM technology, which is suitable for long-distance oil and gaspipeline transportation safety monitoring. Further improve of system and the directions offuture work were proposed.
引文
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