注浆理论研究及其在公路工程中的应用
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摘要
注浆在公路工程领域有着广泛的应用,如用来补强加固、堵水、边坡处治、路基路面的病害处治以及特殊地段的处理等问题。现有的注浆理论不能解决注浆压力设计计算、注浆控制及注浆质量的检测。另外,路基填筑过程中,现有的方法还不能有效解决无法用常规碾压技术进行填筑碾压的地段的压实、路基快速抢修等技术难题。本文进一步完善和发展了注浆设计计算及工程应用问题。创新性研究成果可以概括为以下四个方面：
(1)现有的劈裂注浆压力设计都是在经验的基础上进行估计和现场试验,导致理论研究严重滞后工程应用。本文根据土体在平而应变状态下的的应力——应变关系、大变形理论,建立了平面应变条件下土体劈裂灌浆压力的设计计算理论,推导出设计计算公式。与实测结果对比表明：该理论与实际情况较为吻合,并成功地应用于柔性管加筋注浆的试验设计及工程处治中,经济、社会效益显著。
(2)借助水力致裂理论和非线性Hoek-Brown强度准则,对破碎岩体劈裂灌浆压力的设计计算问题进行了分析,建立了破碎岩体劈裂注浆压力设计与计算的理论公式。现场实测结果与理论计算结果的对比表明,该理论结果与工程实践较为吻合
(3)为了从理论上分析路面板脱空注浆加固的布孔方式,注浆压力设计计算,假设浆液在土体裂缝中的流动符合达西定律,劈裂注浆形成的裂缝宽度为均匀裂缝宽度,推导出路面板脱空注浆时二孔、三孔、四孔和五孔注浆加固的布孔方式、注浆压力设计计算方法,理论计算结果与实测值较为接近,证明了上述结论的合理性。指出现有规范规定的五孔注浆布孔方案还存在一定的局限性,并建议多采用二孔及三孔布置方案进行路面板脱空的注浆补强加固。上述理论为工程应用提供了理论依据。
(4)以圆孔扩张理论为基础,结合注浆实验和机理分析的研究成果,系统提出了柔性管加筋注浆施工新技术及其设计与施工规程。该成果成功应用于湖南省常吉高速公路沅陵大桥台背的回填土处理及贵州省都匀公路路基塌方沉陷快速处治中。工程应用表明,使用该新技术处理如桥台台背、路基塌方沉陷的应急抢修等无法用常规碾压技术进行处理的地段非常有效。该成果已经获得鉴定,鉴定意见为国际领先水平。
Grouting has been widely used in the field of highway engineering, such as reinforcement, water shutoff, slope treatment, roadbed disease treatment and treatment in special section, etc. However, current available theory cannot be used to solve the grouting pressure design calculations, grouting control and grouting quality test. In addition, in the course of the roadbed construction, the current available methods cannot be used to solve the issues of compaction in certain section, where the conventional rolling techniques cannot be applied on compaction, and of rapid repair of roadbed. This thesis aims to improve and develop the grouting design calculations and engineering application problems. Innovative research results can be summarized as the following four areas:
(1) The current available design of splitting grouting pressure is estimated on the basis of experience and field trials, which does not adapt the development of engineering application. Based on stress-strain relationship with respect to plane strain state of soil and the theory of large deformation, this thesis provided the design calculation theory of the soil splitting grouting pressure under the condition of plane strain; moreover, the design formulas were obtained as well. Compared with the experimental, the calculation results show a good agreement with the actual situation and it is successfully applied in experimental design of flexible pipe reinforced grouting and some engineering treatments. Thus, the economic and social benefits are evident.
(2) Based on hydraulic fracturing theory and nonlinear Hoek-Brown strength criterion, the issues of design and calculation about fracturing grouting pressure of broken rock were analyzed, meanwhile, theoretical formula for design and calculation were established. The comparison between field results and the theoretical results shows that the theoretical results are identical with the engineering practice.
(3) In order to theoretically analyze the grouting reinforcement of pavement slab void in terms of arrangement of holes and then obtain the design of grouting pressure, we assumed that the flow in the soil slurry cracks obeys Darcy's law and width of crack formed by fracturing grouting are uniform. Then, we obtain the arrangement of holes of grouting and grouting pressure design methods for 2 holes,3 holes,4 holes and 5 holes under the condition of the pavement slab void grouting. The theoretical results are closed to the measured values which prove the validation of these conclusions. Furthermore, we pointed out that the current specification of 5-hole grouting program has some limitations, and suggested that it is more reasonable to adopt 3-hole and 2-hole layout schemes to conduct grouting reinforcement of the pavement slab void. The theory provides a theoretical foundation for the general engineering applications.
(4) On the basis of circular hole expansion theory and combined with grouting experiments results and mechanism analysis with respect to grouting, this thesis systematically presented a new construction technology (i.e., technology of flexible pipe stiffened grouting) and its design and construction procedures. The achievement has been successfully applied in some engineering practices, for instance, the filling soil treatment of abutment back of Yuanling Bridge of Changji Expressway in Hunan Province and roadbed subsidence rapid treatment of Duyun highway in Guizhou Province. The engineering applications show that the application of this kind of new technology on the treatments with respect to bridge abutment, roadbed subsidence emergency repairs, which issues cannot be dealt with by conventional rolling techniques, is very effective. The achievement has been obtained identification as an international leading-level research.
(1)现有的劈裂注浆压力设计都是在经验的基础上进行估计和现场试验,导致理论研究严重滞后工程应用。本文根据土体在平而应变状态下的的应力——应变关系、大变形理论,建立了平面应变条件下土体劈裂灌浆压力的设计计算理论,推导出设计计算公式。与实测结果对比表明：该理论与实际情况较为吻合,并成功地应用于柔性管加筋注浆的试验设计及工程处治中,经济、社会效益显著。
(2)借助水力致裂理论和非线性Hoek-Brown强度准则,对破碎岩体劈裂灌浆压力的设计计算问题进行了分析,建立了破碎岩体劈裂注浆压力设计与计算的理论公式。现场实测结果与理论计算结果的对比表明,该理论结果与工程实践较为吻合
(3)为了从理论上分析路面板脱空注浆加固的布孔方式,注浆压力设计计算,假设浆液在土体裂缝中的流动符合达西定律,劈裂注浆形成的裂缝宽度为均匀裂缝宽度,推导出路面板脱空注浆时二孔、三孔、四孔和五孔注浆加固的布孔方式、注浆压力设计计算方法,理论计算结果与实测值较为接近,证明了上述结论的合理性。指出现有规范规定的五孔注浆布孔方案还存在一定的局限性,并建议多采用二孔及三孔布置方案进行路面板脱空的注浆补强加固。上述理论为工程应用提供了理论依据。
(4)以圆孔扩张理论为基础,结合注浆实验和机理分析的研究成果,系统提出了柔性管加筋注浆施工新技术及其设计与施工规程。该成果成功应用于湖南省常吉高速公路沅陵大桥台背的回填土处理及贵州省都匀公路路基塌方沉陷快速处治中。工程应用表明,使用该新技术处理如桥台台背、路基塌方沉陷的应急抢修等无法用常规碾压技术进行处理的地段非常有效。该成果已经获得鉴定,鉴定意见为国际领先水平。
Grouting has been widely used in the field of highway engineering, such as reinforcement, water shutoff, slope treatment, roadbed disease treatment and treatment in special section, etc. However, current available theory cannot be used to solve the grouting pressure design calculations, grouting control and grouting quality test. In addition, in the course of the roadbed construction, the current available methods cannot be used to solve the issues of compaction in certain section, where the conventional rolling techniques cannot be applied on compaction, and of rapid repair of roadbed. This thesis aims to improve and develop the grouting design calculations and engineering application problems. Innovative research results can be summarized as the following four areas:
(1) The current available design of splitting grouting pressure is estimated on the basis of experience and field trials, which does not adapt the development of engineering application. Based on stress-strain relationship with respect to plane strain state of soil and the theory of large deformation, this thesis provided the design calculation theory of the soil splitting grouting pressure under the condition of plane strain; moreover, the design formulas were obtained as well. Compared with the experimental, the calculation results show a good agreement with the actual situation and it is successfully applied in experimental design of flexible pipe reinforced grouting and some engineering treatments. Thus, the economic and social benefits are evident.
(2) Based on hydraulic fracturing theory and nonlinear Hoek-Brown strength criterion, the issues of design and calculation about fracturing grouting pressure of broken rock were analyzed, meanwhile, theoretical formula for design and calculation were established. The comparison between field results and the theoretical results shows that the theoretical results are identical with the engineering practice.
(3) In order to theoretically analyze the grouting reinforcement of pavement slab void in terms of arrangement of holes and then obtain the design of grouting pressure, we assumed that the flow in the soil slurry cracks obeys Darcy's law and width of crack formed by fracturing grouting are uniform. Then, we obtain the arrangement of holes of grouting and grouting pressure design methods for 2 holes,3 holes,4 holes and 5 holes under the condition of the pavement slab void grouting. The theoretical results are closed to the measured values which prove the validation of these conclusions. Furthermore, we pointed out that the current specification of 5-hole grouting program has some limitations, and suggested that it is more reasonable to adopt 3-hole and 2-hole layout schemes to conduct grouting reinforcement of the pavement slab void. The theory provides a theoretical foundation for the general engineering applications.
(4) On the basis of circular hole expansion theory and combined with grouting experiments results and mechanism analysis with respect to grouting, this thesis systematically presented a new construction technology (i.e., technology of flexible pipe stiffened grouting) and its design and construction procedures. The achievement has been successfully applied in some engineering practices, for instance, the filling soil treatment of abutment back of Yuanling Bridge of Changji Expressway in Hunan Province and roadbed subsidence rapid treatment of Duyun highway in Guizhou Province. The engineering applications show that the application of this kind of new technology on the treatments with respect to bridge abutment, roadbed subsidence emergency repairs, which issues cannot be dealt with by conventional rolling techniques, is very effective. The achievement has been obtained identification as an international leading-level research.
引文
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