煤炭地下气化燃空区覆岩裂隙演化及破断规律研究
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摘要
煤炭地下气化技术是将地下煤炭通过热化学反应原地转化为可燃气体的一种洁净煤综合利用技术。在煤炭地下气化过程中，如何准确地查明燃空区覆岩裂隙演化及破断规律，对于保证煤炭地下气化稳定、安全生产具有重要的意义。本文以国内某煤炭地下气化现场的工程地质条件为背景，综合采用物理相似模拟、数值模拟、理论分析以及现场实测相结合的研究手段和方法，对温度与应力共同作用下的燃空区覆岩变形、破坏以及裂隙扩展规律等进行了深入、系统地研究，取得了如下创新性成果：
(1)进行了实时高温下(常温~800℃)不同岩性(包括泥岩、砂质泥岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩等)岩石试样的热物理性质和力学性质的实验室试验，获得了岩石比热容、导热系数、弹性模量以及抗压强度等参数随温度的演化规律，为研究温度场和应力场共同作用下燃空区覆岩裂隙演化及破断规律提供了基础试验数据。
(2)以国内某煤炭地下气化现场的具体工程地质条件为原型，采用相似材料模拟试验手段对煤炭地下气化过程中燃空区扩展过程进行了物理模拟研究，获得了温度场和应力场影响下的燃空区覆岩破断、冒落形态及高度、裂隙扩展演化等规律，为煤炭地下气化现场工程设计提供了重要的指导依据。
(3)基于实验室试验获得的岩石热物理和力学性质的参数，建立了高温下岩石热传导控制方程以及岩石损伤本构方程，并将其嵌入到RFPA以及COMSOL软件中，对温度和应力耦合作用下的燃空区扩展过程进行了数值模拟，深入研究了燃空区扩展过程中覆岩温度、应力的分布规律及覆岩破断和裂隙扩展演化规律。
(4)在传统的岩层控制关键层理论的基础上，进一步借助热力学理论和弹性力学理论，建立了温度与应力共同作用下的燃空区覆岩关键层力学模型，从理论上研究了燃空区覆岩关键层的位置、初次破断及周期破断演化规律。
通过在现场采用钻孔观测试验法对燃空区覆岩裂隙带发育高度进行了现场探测分析，现场探测结果与本文的相似模拟试验、数值模拟及理论分析结果吻合良好，有力地证明了本文试验及模型结果的合理性。本文的研究成果对于指导煤炭地下气化燃空区覆岩稳定性控制具有重要的理论与工程意义。
该论文有图127幅，表20个，参考文献195篇。
Aiming at turning the underground coal into a combustible gas by thermal chemicalreaction in situ, underground coal gasification technology is comprehensive utilizationclean coal technology. It is important to guarantee the stability of underground coalgasification and safety production by understating how to accurately find out the burningzone and breaking law of overburden rock fracture evolution in the process of undergroundcoal gasification. Based on the engineering geological condition of a domesticunderground coal gasification field, systematic methods, including physical analogsimulation, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and measurements in suite wereimployed to investigate deeply and systematically the deformation, damage and fractureextension rules of the overlying rock under the action of temperature and stress. The maininnovative observations are as follows:
(1)By conducting a real-time high temperature (room temperature~800℃) thermalphysical properties and thermodynamic properties of lab tests of different lithology sample（Including mudstone, sandy mudstone, siltstone and fine sandstone）, the evolution lawsof the rock parameters, including specific heat, thermal conductivity, compressive strengthand elastic modulus with change in temperature, were obtained. These provide thefoundation data for the research on the combustion zone of overlying rock crack evolutionand breaking rules under the combined action of the temperature field and stress field.
(2) Taking the specific engineering geological conditions of a underground coalgasification in domestic field as the prototype, the extension process of the combustioncavity in the process of the underground coal gasification was studied by using the physicalanalog simulation test. The laws of the combustion zone strata breaking, cavingmorphology and height, crack extension evolution under the influence of the temperaturefield and stress field were obtained, which provide an important guidance for practicalengineering design.
(3) Accordin to the laboratory rock thermal physical and mechanical properties test,rock heat transfer control equations under the high temperature and the rock damageconstitutive equation wrew established, which were combined with RFPA and COMSOLsoftware to simulate the combustion cavity expansion process under the coupling action ofthe temperature and stress. The results deeply revealed the dynamic evolution laws oftemperature and stress of strata and the expansion laws of overburden rock fracture andfracture in the process of extensing burning zone.
(4) Based on the traditional key strata theory in ground control, further by using the theory of thermodynamics and elastic mechanics, combustion cavity overburden rockfracture mechanics model under the action of temperature and stress was established. Theposition of key strata above the combustion cavity and the first weighting interval andperiodic weighting interval were anlysed in theory.
Through the method of borehole and observation on the spot to analysis the height ofthe combustion zone overburden rock fracture zone, the measurements data in suite aregood aggrement with our results from similar simulation experiment, numerical simulationand theory analysis, which powerfully proves that the test results and the model isreasonable in this paper. The research results in this paper provid an important significanceguideance in theory and practical engineering of underground coal gasification combustioncavity strata stability control.
There are127figures,20tables and195references in this paper.
(1)进行了实时高温下(常温~800℃)不同岩性(包括泥岩、砂质泥岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩等)岩石试样的热物理性质和力学性质的实验室试验，获得了岩石比热容、导热系数、弹性模量以及抗压强度等参数随温度的演化规律，为研究温度场和应力场共同作用下燃空区覆岩裂隙演化及破断规律提供了基础试验数据。
(2)以国内某煤炭地下气化现场的具体工程地质条件为原型，采用相似材料模拟试验手段对煤炭地下气化过程中燃空区扩展过程进行了物理模拟研究，获得了温度场和应力场影响下的燃空区覆岩破断、冒落形态及高度、裂隙扩展演化等规律，为煤炭地下气化现场工程设计提供了重要的指导依据。
(3)基于实验室试验获得的岩石热物理和力学性质的参数，建立了高温下岩石热传导控制方程以及岩石损伤本构方程，并将其嵌入到RFPA以及COMSOL软件中，对温度和应力耦合作用下的燃空区扩展过程进行了数值模拟，深入研究了燃空区扩展过程中覆岩温度、应力的分布规律及覆岩破断和裂隙扩展演化规律。
(4)在传统的岩层控制关键层理论的基础上，进一步借助热力学理论和弹性力学理论，建立了温度与应力共同作用下的燃空区覆岩关键层力学模型，从理论上研究了燃空区覆岩关键层的位置、初次破断及周期破断演化规律。
通过在现场采用钻孔观测试验法对燃空区覆岩裂隙带发育高度进行了现场探测分析，现场探测结果与本文的相似模拟试验、数值模拟及理论分析结果吻合良好，有力地证明了本文试验及模型结果的合理性。本文的研究成果对于指导煤炭地下气化燃空区覆岩稳定性控制具有重要的理论与工程意义。
该论文有图127幅，表20个，参考文献195篇。
Aiming at turning the underground coal into a combustible gas by thermal chemicalreaction in situ, underground coal gasification technology is comprehensive utilizationclean coal technology. It is important to guarantee the stability of underground coalgasification and safety production by understating how to accurately find out the burningzone and breaking law of overburden rock fracture evolution in the process of undergroundcoal gasification. Based on the engineering geological condition of a domesticunderground coal gasification field, systematic methods, including physical analogsimulation, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and measurements in suite wereimployed to investigate deeply and systematically the deformation, damage and fractureextension rules of the overlying rock under the action of temperature and stress. The maininnovative observations are as follows:
(1)By conducting a real-time high temperature (room temperature~800℃) thermalphysical properties and thermodynamic properties of lab tests of different lithology sample（Including mudstone, sandy mudstone, siltstone and fine sandstone）, the evolution lawsof the rock parameters, including specific heat, thermal conductivity, compressive strengthand elastic modulus with change in temperature, were obtained. These provide thefoundation data for the research on the combustion zone of overlying rock crack evolutionand breaking rules under the combined action of the temperature field and stress field.
(2) Taking the specific engineering geological conditions of a underground coalgasification in domestic field as the prototype, the extension process of the combustioncavity in the process of the underground coal gasification was studied by using the physicalanalog simulation test. The laws of the combustion zone strata breaking, cavingmorphology and height, crack extension evolution under the influence of the temperaturefield and stress field were obtained, which provide an important guidance for practicalengineering design.
(3) Accordin to the laboratory rock thermal physical and mechanical properties test,rock heat transfer control equations under the high temperature and the rock damageconstitutive equation wrew established, which were combined with RFPA and COMSOLsoftware to simulate the combustion cavity expansion process under the coupling action ofthe temperature and stress. The results deeply revealed the dynamic evolution laws oftemperature and stress of strata and the expansion laws of overburden rock fracture andfracture in the process of extensing burning zone.
(4) Based on the traditional key strata theory in ground control, further by using the theory of thermodynamics and elastic mechanics, combustion cavity overburden rockfracture mechanics model under the action of temperature and stress was established. Theposition of key strata above the combustion cavity and the first weighting interval andperiodic weighting interval were anlysed in theory.
Through the method of borehole and observation on the spot to analysis the height ofthe combustion zone overburden rock fracture zone, the measurements data in suite aregood aggrement with our results from similar simulation experiment, numerical simulationand theory analysis, which powerfully proves that the test results and the model isreasonable in this paper. The research results in this paper provid an important significanceguideance in theory and practical engineering of underground coal gasification combustioncavity strata stability control.
There are127figures,20tables and195references in this paper.
引文
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