美国集体谈判的法律保障制度研究
|
摘要
美国集体谈判的法律保障制度是一个综合性法律保障制度。该制度以制定法为基础,形成基本的法律架构,又以判例法的方式不断完善和改进具体的规则。本文对美国集体谈判法律保障的历史演进、制度运作和理论评价等方面进行了较为系统的考察和分析,在对美国集体谈判的法律保障制度作全景式展现的同时,力图洞悉其内部运行机制,进而把握该制度所体现的基本原则及所具有的价值。
本文除导论和结论外,共分为六个章节。
导论部分主要包括问题缘起、概念界定、文献综述、研究方法和创新之处等内容。
第一章以美国集体谈判法律保障制度的历史演进为线索,回顾了集体谈判法律调整的历史,以及美国集体谈判法律保障制度的建立和发展的情况。在此基础上,归纳出美国集体谈判法律保障制度演进的基本特征。
第二章以集体谈判主体的法律确认为中心,从谈判单位的确认、工会的选举与承认、保障工会自由选举的法律规则等不同角度,对美国集体谈判主体的法律确认进行了梳理和分析,最后总结概括国家劳资关系委员会在集体谈判主体确认中的重要作用。
第三章重点论述谈判阶段的法律保障。在概述了谈判阶段的结构、程序和内容之后,主要考察谈判进程中谈判主体履行谈判义务的法律保障,并且概述了谈判僵局及其克服问题,进而指出,在制度化的法律保障之下,美国的集体谈判呈现出有序性、自主性和谈判双方力量对等性的特点。
第四章围绕集体合同的履行及其争议解决机制展开。在本文的语境下,集体合同的履行及其争议解决机制是集体谈判法律保障制度的重要组成部分。在集体合同履行的争议解决机制中,申诉——仲裁程序发挥着非常重要的作用。此外,法院和国家劳资关系委员会在其中也着一定的作用。
第五章是对美国集体谈判法律保障制度的理论分析。本文从基本原则和制度价值两个方面对美国集体谈判的法律保障制度进行分析和评价。文章结合社会法和民法的基本原理,指出美国集体谈判法律保障的基本原则是谈判双方的对等原则和联邦政府的程序保障原则。建立在对等原则和程序保障原则之上的美国集体谈判的法律保障制度在稳定社会秩序、改善雇员经济条件和扩大民主方面发挥了重大作用。第六章考察了中国集体协商制度的现状及存在的主要问题,以及美国集体谈判的法律保障制度对中国的启示。针对中国集体协商制度中存在的不足,提出应当在渗透程序理念、转换政府职能和完善法律保障制度等方面加以发展和改进。
本文的结论部分立足于通古鉴今的思考,在总结了集体谈判法律保障制度的作用之后,指出面对不同的制度要关注制度背后的理念。本文最后指出,培育劳动者的主体意识,转换政府职能,乃是赋予集体谈判的法律保障制度以生命的根本之道。
The legal security institution of the collective bargaining in the United States is an comprehensive legal security institution. The framework of the institution is formulated on the basis of the statute law, and is reformed by the case law gradually. This dissertation explores and analyzes the historical evolution, institutional running and institutional valuation. On one hand, it aims to show the panorama of the legal security institution of the collective bargaining in the United States, on the other hand, it also intents to grasp the inner mechanism and the ideal on which the mechanism is based.
Except the introduction and the conclusion, the dissertation is consisted of six chapters.
The introduction mainly includes the following aspects: First, the problem originated; second, concepts defined; third, literature review; fourth, research methods.
The first chapter centering on the historical evolution of the legal security of collective bargaining in the United States looks back the history of legal regulation of collective bargaining , the establishment and the development of the legal security of the collective bargaining in the Unites States. Furthermore, it sums up the characteristics of the institution of the legal security of the collective bargaining in the Unites States.
The second chapter emphasizes the certification of the subjects of the collective bargaining. The dissertation combs and analyzes the certification of collective unit, the election of union, the certification of the result of the election and the security of legal rules of free election from varies angles. At last, it points out the importance of the National Labor Relations Board in the certification of the subjects of collective bargaining.
The third chapter is mainly about the legal security of the phase of bargaining. After outlining the structure, the procedure and the content of the phase of bargaining, the dissertation explores the legal security of the subjects’s performing of bargaining duty in the process of bargaining and summarizes the bargaining impasse and the overcoming of it. Under the institutionalizing of the legal security, the collective bargaining takes on the features of being sequence, independence, and equity of bargaining power of the parties. The performing of collective contract and the resolution of related disputes is discussed in the fourth chapter. In the context of this dissertation,
the performing of collective contracts and the resolution of related disputes are important parts of the legal security institution of collective bargaining. In the resolution mechanism of the disputes in the process of the performing of collective contracts, the grievance-arbitration procedure plays a very important role, moreover, the court and the NLRB have certain effects on this matter.
The fifth chapter focuses on the theoretical analysis of the legal security of collective bargaining institution in the United States. This dissertation evaluates the legal security institution of American collective bargaining in terms of primary principles and institutional valuation. Combined with the theories of social law and civil law, it points out that the main principles of legal security of collective bargaining are principles of equality and procedure security. Based on these principles, the legal security institution of collective bargaining in the United States exerts huge functions in the aspects of stabilizing the social order, improving the economic conditions of employees, and enlarging the scope of democracy.
The sixth Chapter expounds the current situation and the problems of Chinese collective consultation institution, the inspiration of American counterpart to us. According to the existing insufficiency of collective consultation institution, the dissertation puts forward that China should improve if in terms of penetrating the ideal of procedure, switching the role of government, and perfecting the legal security institution.
The conclution is based upon the learning from the history. After summing up the role of the legal security institution, it brings forward that we should pay attention to the ideal of institution. In the end of the dissertation, it claims that the implementation of cultivating the subject consciousness of workers, switching the role of government is the key to keep the legal security institution of collective bargaining live.
本文除导论和结论外,共分为六个章节。
导论部分主要包括问题缘起、概念界定、文献综述、研究方法和创新之处等内容。
第一章以美国集体谈判法律保障制度的历史演进为线索,回顾了集体谈判法律调整的历史,以及美国集体谈判法律保障制度的建立和发展的情况。在此基础上,归纳出美国集体谈判法律保障制度演进的基本特征。
第二章以集体谈判主体的法律确认为中心,从谈判单位的确认、工会的选举与承认、保障工会自由选举的法律规则等不同角度,对美国集体谈判主体的法律确认进行了梳理和分析,最后总结概括国家劳资关系委员会在集体谈判主体确认中的重要作用。
第三章重点论述谈判阶段的法律保障。在概述了谈判阶段的结构、程序和内容之后,主要考察谈判进程中谈判主体履行谈判义务的法律保障,并且概述了谈判僵局及其克服问题,进而指出,在制度化的法律保障之下,美国的集体谈判呈现出有序性、自主性和谈判双方力量对等性的特点。
第四章围绕集体合同的履行及其争议解决机制展开。在本文的语境下,集体合同的履行及其争议解决机制是集体谈判法律保障制度的重要组成部分。在集体合同履行的争议解决机制中,申诉——仲裁程序发挥着非常重要的作用。此外,法院和国家劳资关系委员会在其中也着一定的作用。
第五章是对美国集体谈判法律保障制度的理论分析。本文从基本原则和制度价值两个方面对美国集体谈判的法律保障制度进行分析和评价。文章结合社会法和民法的基本原理,指出美国集体谈判法律保障的基本原则是谈判双方的对等原则和联邦政府的程序保障原则。建立在对等原则和程序保障原则之上的美国集体谈判的法律保障制度在稳定社会秩序、改善雇员经济条件和扩大民主方面发挥了重大作用。第六章考察了中国集体协商制度的现状及存在的主要问题,以及美国集体谈判的法律保障制度对中国的启示。针对中国集体协商制度中存在的不足,提出应当在渗透程序理念、转换政府职能和完善法律保障制度等方面加以发展和改进。
本文的结论部分立足于通古鉴今的思考,在总结了集体谈判法律保障制度的作用之后,指出面对不同的制度要关注制度背后的理念。本文最后指出,培育劳动者的主体意识,转换政府职能,乃是赋予集体谈判的法律保障制度以生命的根本之道。
The legal security institution of the collective bargaining in the United States is an comprehensive legal security institution. The framework of the institution is formulated on the basis of the statute law, and is reformed by the case law gradually. This dissertation explores and analyzes the historical evolution, institutional running and institutional valuation. On one hand, it aims to show the panorama of the legal security institution of the collective bargaining in the United States, on the other hand, it also intents to grasp the inner mechanism and the ideal on which the mechanism is based.
Except the introduction and the conclusion, the dissertation is consisted of six chapters.
The introduction mainly includes the following aspects: First, the problem originated; second, concepts defined; third, literature review; fourth, research methods.
The first chapter centering on the historical evolution of the legal security of collective bargaining in the United States looks back the history of legal regulation of collective bargaining , the establishment and the development of the legal security of the collective bargaining in the Unites States. Furthermore, it sums up the characteristics of the institution of the legal security of the collective bargaining in the Unites States.
The second chapter emphasizes the certification of the subjects of the collective bargaining. The dissertation combs and analyzes the certification of collective unit, the election of union, the certification of the result of the election and the security of legal rules of free election from varies angles. At last, it points out the importance of the National Labor Relations Board in the certification of the subjects of collective bargaining.
The third chapter is mainly about the legal security of the phase of bargaining. After outlining the structure, the procedure and the content of the phase of bargaining, the dissertation explores the legal security of the subjects’s performing of bargaining duty in the process of bargaining and summarizes the bargaining impasse and the overcoming of it. Under the institutionalizing of the legal security, the collective bargaining takes on the features of being sequence, independence, and equity of bargaining power of the parties. The performing of collective contract and the resolution of related disputes is discussed in the fourth chapter. In the context of this dissertation,
the performing of collective contracts and the resolution of related disputes are important parts of the legal security institution of collective bargaining. In the resolution mechanism of the disputes in the process of the performing of collective contracts, the grievance-arbitration procedure plays a very important role, moreover, the court and the NLRB have certain effects on this matter.
The fifth chapter focuses on the theoretical analysis of the legal security of collective bargaining institution in the United States. This dissertation evaluates the legal security institution of American collective bargaining in terms of primary principles and institutional valuation. Combined with the theories of social law and civil law, it points out that the main principles of legal security of collective bargaining are principles of equality and procedure security. Based on these principles, the legal security institution of collective bargaining in the United States exerts huge functions in the aspects of stabilizing the social order, improving the economic conditions of employees, and enlarging the scope of democracy.
The sixth Chapter expounds the current situation and the problems of Chinese collective consultation institution, the inspiration of American counterpart to us. According to the existing insufficiency of collective consultation institution, the dissertation puts forward that China should improve if in terms of penetrating the ideal of procedure, switching the role of government, and perfecting the legal security institution.
The conclution is based upon the learning from the history. After summing up the role of the legal security institution, it brings forward that we should pay attention to the ideal of institution. In the end of the dissertation, it claims that the implementation of cultivating the subject consciousness of workers, switching the role of government is the key to keep the legal security institution of collective bargaining live.
引文
②强磊、李娥珍著:《当前中国的劳动合同,集体谈判与集体合同》,北京:中国物价出版社1994年版,第22页。
①程延园:《集体谈判制度研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社2004年版,第38页。
②中国劳动法学研究会编:《劳动法词典》,沈阳:辽宁人民出版社1987年版,第490页。
③石美遐编著:《劳动合同·集体合同》,北京:法律出版社1998年版,第168页。
④石美遐编著:《劳动合同·集体合同》,北京:法律出版社1998年版,第168页。
⑤常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社第245页。
⑥参见劳动和社会保障部:《集体合同规定》(2004),第4条:用人单位与本单位职工签订集体合同或专项集体合同,以及确定相关事宜,应当采取集体协商的方式。集体协商主要采取协商会议的形式。
⑦参见刘继臣著:《集体合同制度》,中国工人出版社,1990年版;姜俊逯:《论集体合同法律制度——集体合同法一般理论及在中国发展趋势研究》,北京大学博士论文,2001年。
⑧夏积智主编:《中国劳动法若干重要理论与政策问题研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社1999年版,第49页。
①国际劳工组织:《关于促进集体谈判的公约》,找法网:http://china.findlaw.cn/fagui/guojifa/gj/23/23463.html 2010/08/10登录
②[英]约翰·P·温德姆勒著:《工业化市场经济国家的集体谈判》,何平等译,北京:中国劳动出版社1994年版,第3页。
③Neil Chamberlain, The Nature and Scope of Collective Bargaining, The Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol.58, No.3(May,1944),p.361.
④Neil W. Chamberlain and James W. Kuhn: Collective Bargaining 3th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986, p.1.
⑤Robert E.Allen and Timothy J.Keaveny, Contemporary Labor Relations, New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1988 p.261-262.
①参见赵红梅:《私法与社会法——第三法域之社会法基本理论范式》,北京:中国政法大学出版社,第44-74页。
②董保华著:《社会法原论》,北京:中国政法大学出版社2001年版,第199页。
③董保华著:《论事实上的契约关系——对第三法域的探索》,《南京大学法律评论》,2000年秋季号,第44页。
①佘云霞著:《市场经济国家的集体谈判》,北京:中国工人出版社2004年版,第138页。
②也译作全国劳资关系委员会、全国劳工关系局或国家劳工关系局。
③[美]威廉·B·古尔德著:《劳工法入门》,焦兴铠译,台北:国立编译馆出版1996年版。
④[美]道格拉斯·L·莱斯利著:《劳动法概要》,张强、杨晓光、杨锋等译,北京:中国社会科学出版社1997年版。
⑤[美]丹尼尔·.奎因.·米尔斯著:《劳工关系》,李丽林、李俊霞译,北京:机械工业出版社2001年版。
⑥[美]罗伯特·高尔曼著:《劳动法基本教程——劳工联合与集体谈判》,马静、王增森、李妍等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
⑦[美]哈里·C·卡茨、托马斯·A.·科钱、亚历山大·J.S.·科尔文著:《集体谈判与产业关系概论》,李丽林,吴清军译,大连:东北财经大学出版社2010年版。
①周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究(1887—1947》,北京:中央编译出版社2009年版。
②宋凯:《美国劳资关系法的博奕分析》,中国政法大学硕士论文,2008年;李娜:《美国大学教师集体谈判制度研究》,河南大学硕士论文,2008年;金帷;《美国大学教师组织集体谈判制度研究》,北京师范大学硕士论文,2008年。
①Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville:The University of Tennessee Press, 1964.
②Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney U.S. Labor Relations Law: Historical Development New Jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, 1992.
③Patrick Hardin, Edit. In Chief: The Developing Labor Law: the Board, the Courts, and the National Labor Relations Act 3th.edit. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.1992.
④Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, lnc. 1986.
⑤Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin, J.D. Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practice and Law New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2001.
⑥Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. A Simon & Schuster Company EnglewoodCliffs, NewJersey,1996.
①Howard Dickman: Industrial Democracy in America: Ideological Origins of National Labor Relations Policy, Illinois: Open Court La Salle, 1987.
②David Brody: Labpr Embattled: History, Power, Rights Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press 2005.
③Ellen Dannin: Taking Back the Worker’s Law: How to Fight the Assault on Labor Rights, New York: Cornell University Press, 2006.
④James Gray Pope: Labor Constitution of Freedom, Yale Law Journal Company, Inc, 1997.
⑤美国联邦宪法第13条修正案第1项:合众国境内或属合众国管辖地方之内,不准有奴隶或强迫劳役存在,惟用以对合法制罪之罪犯作为惩罚者不在此限。参见(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著:《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,北京:商务印书馆2004的版,第468页。
①常凯著:《劳权论——当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第243页。
②在本文中的不同语境下会使用劳动者、雇员、工人雇工、职工、职员、员工等概念,但是其含义并没有本质的不同。
③Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, pp..33-34.
①Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, lnc.1986 p.6.
②Anthony Woodiwiss:Rights v. Conspiracy:a Sociological Essay on the History of Labour Law in the United States New York: St Martin’s Ptess, 1990, p.22.
③Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, p.45.
①Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, pp.51-52.
②Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, p.50.
③Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, p.50.
④Commonwealth v. John Hunt &others 45 Mass. 111 (1842)
⑤Commonwealth v. John Hunt &others 45 Mass. 111 (1842)
①Daniel Jacoby: Laboring for Freedom: A New Look at the History of Labor in America New York: M E.Sharpe,Inc. 1998. p.85.
②Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. McGraw-Hill, lnc.1986 pp.8-9.
③Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, lnc. 1986 p.9.
①Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain:Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, Ed. Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005. p.95.
②Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain:Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, Ed. Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005. p.108.
③Vegelahn v. Guntner, 167 Mass. 92 (1896)
④Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain:Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, ed. Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005. p.109.
②Loewe v. Lawolr 208 U.S. 274 (1908)
③[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第21—22页。
④[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第21页。
⑤Duplex Printing Press Co. v. Deering254 U.S. 274 (1921)
⑥Anthony Woodiwiss: Rights v. Conspiracy: A Sociological Essay on the History of Labour Law in the United Statse New York: St Martin’s Ptess, 1990, p.77.
①John R. Commons Trade Unionism and Labor Problems,introduction Boston:Boston University Press, 1905, p.7转引自周剑云著:《20世纪初美国劳资集体谈判思想初探》,载于《河南师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2008年第5期。
②Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain:Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, ed. Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005. p.11.
③[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第25页。
④Norris-LaGuardia Act ,47 Stat. 70 (1932),29 USC§§101-15 (1970)
⑤National Labor Relations Board v.Jones&Laughlin Steel Corporation,301 U.S.1(1937).
①刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,余志森主编:《美国通史(第四卷):崛起和扩张的年代1898——1929》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第192页。
②刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,余志森主编:《美国通史(第四卷):崛起和扩张的年代1898——1929》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第193页。
③Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.8.
①Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Case Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.9.
②State v. Haun, 61 Kan. 146, at 159, 59 P. 340, at 345 (1899).
③Street v. Varney Electrical Supply Co., 160 Ind. 338, at 346, 66 N.E. 895, at 898 (1903).
④State v. Goodwill, 33 W.Va. 179, at 186, 10 S.E. 285, at 287 (1889).
⑤Ritchie v. people 155 Ill. 98, at 114, 40 N.E. 454, at 459 (1895).
⑥State v. Kreutzberg, 114 Wis. 530, at 541, 90 N.W. 1098, at 1102 (1902).
⑦Holden v. Hardy 169 U.S. 366 (1898).
⑧St. Louis Ry. Co. v. Paul, 173 U.S. 404 (1899)
⑨Knoxville Iron Co. v. Harbison, 183 U.S. 13 (1901).
①Allgeyer v. Louisiana 165 U. S. 578(1897).
②Allgeyer v. Louisiana 165 U. S. 578(1897).
③指根据美国宪法第十条修正案授予州的权力,依此权,州有权制定和实施保障公共卫生、公共安全和社会福利的法律,或将此权委托给地方政府。不过州行使此项权力应受正当程序和其他规定的限制。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003版,第1063页。
④Lochner v.New York 198 U.S. 45 (1905).
⑤Lochner v.New York 198 U.S. 45 (1905).
⑥邱小平著:《法律的平等保护:美国宪法修正案第十四条(a)款研究》,北京:北京大学出版社2005年版,第77页。
②3 Erdman Act 0 Stat. 424.
③Adair v. United States, 208 U.S. 161 (1908).
④美国《联邦宪法》第五修正案中规定:未经相应法律程序,不得剥夺任何人之生命、自由或财产,非有恰当补偿,私人财产不得充公。参见[美]汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著:《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,北京:商务印书馆2004的版,第466页。
⑤Hitchman Coal Company v. Mitchell 245 U.S. 229 (1917).
⑥Hitchman Coal Company v. Mitchell 245 U.S. 229 (1917).
⑦Tesas& N.O.R.R. v. brotherhood of Ry. Clerks. 281 US 548 (1930)
⑧Tesas& N.O.R.R. v. brotherhood of Ry. Clerks. 281 US 548 (1930)
①Loewe v. Lawler 208 U.S. 274 (1908)
②United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co., 259 U.S. 344 (1922); Coronado Coal Co. v. United Mine Workers, 268 U.S. 295 (1925).
③United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co., 259 U.S. 344 (1922).
①刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,刘绪贻、李存训主编:《美国通史(第五卷):富兰克林·D·罗斯福时代1929——1945》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第13页。
②刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,刘绪贻、李存训主编:《美国通史(第五卷):富兰克林·D·罗斯福时代1929——1945》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第21页。
③Section 7(a), NIRA, 49 Stat. 195 (1933).
④Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, lnc.1986 p.11.
①Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, lnc.1986 p.15.
②Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville:The University of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.47.
③Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville:The University of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.71.
①United States v. Weirton Steel Co., 10 F. Supp. 55 (D.C..Del.. 1935)
③Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§158
①A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United Statesnal 295 U.S. 495 (1935).
②Rebecca E. ZietlowEnforcing Equality: Congress, the Constitution, and the Protection of Individual Rights New York: New York University Press 2006 p.85.
①[美]小奥利弗温德尔霍姆斯著:《普通法》,冉昊、姚中秋译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第1页。
②Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville: TheUniversity of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.149.
③关于法院填塞计划和1937年“宪法革命”的内容可参阅:《罗斯福新政时期的联邦最高法院:(1933——1939)——从经济自由到公民权利》,蔡东丽,华东政法学院博士论文,2007年。
④West Coast Hotel Company v.Parrish,300 U.S.379(1937)
①National Labor Relations Board v.Jones&Laughlin Steel Corporation,301 U.S.1(1937),
②北京大学法学院司法研究中心编:《宪法的精神——美国联邦最高法院200年经典判例选读》,北京:中国方正出版社2003年版,第247-248页。
③Stafford v. Wallace, 258 U.S. 495 (1922)
④《北京大学法学院司法研究中心编:宪法的精神——美国联邦最高法院200年经典判例选读》,北京:中国方正出版社2003年版,第249页。
⑤北京大学法学院司法研究中心编:《宪法的精神——美国联邦最高法院200年经典判例选读》,北京:中国方正出版社2003年版,第251页。
①Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1964. preface p.vi.
②Edited by WahibNasrallah: Research and Information Guides in Business, Industry and Economic Institutions, New York: A Routledge Series,2002, p.11.
③Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association. Chicago, IL (1992),p.35.
④Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association. Chicago, IL (1992),p.35.
①National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§158.
①M. Ali Raza and A.Janell Anderson: Labor Relations and the Law New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc, A Simon and Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, 1996, p.305.
②周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究》(1887-1947),北京:中央编译出版社2009年版,第235-237页。
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2004 p.59.
②Robert E. Allen,1970 Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, p.189.
①Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, p.288.
②刘绪贻主编:《战后美国史1945-2000》,北京:人民出版社2008年版,第608-609页。
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2004 pp.327-331.
②刘绪贻主编:《战后美国史1945-2000》,北京:人民出版社2008年版,第614页。
③Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin, Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining:Cases,Practice,and Law, 6th. ed. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2001. p.32.
①[美]指总统或其属下的行政机构为解释、补充宪法、法律、条约的规定,或使宪法、法律或条约的某一规定得以施行而发布的命令或规则。该命令只有在《联邦政府公报》[Federal Register]上公布,才产生法律效力。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年,第509页
②Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin, Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining:Cases,Practice,and Law, 6th, ed. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2001. p.34.
①Edited by WahibNasrallah, Research and Information Guides in Business, Industry and Economic Institutions, New York:A Routledge Series, 2002, p.15.
①Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin,J.D. Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practive, and Law 6th ed. New Jersey :Upper Saddle River, pp..94-95.
②E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Upper S addle River, 1992 pp.130-131.
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§159。
①Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company v. NLRB, 313 U.S. 146(1941)
②Susan Orr Forming the Union: Representation, Constituencies, and Bargaining Units Western Political Science Association, 2008 Annual Meeting p.13.
③Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7thed. NewJersey: A Simon & Schuster Company EnglewoodCliffs, p.107.
①American Can Co., 13 NLRB 1252, 4 LRRM 392(1939).
②Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,the Courts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.462.
③General Elec, Co., 58NLRB 57,15 LRRM 33(1944).
④Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.463.
⑤National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§159
⑥National Tube Compamy, 76 NLRB 1199(1948).
⑦Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey: A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.108.
①Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey:A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.109.
②Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey:A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.110.
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§152
①Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. . New Jersey: A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.112.
②Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. . New Jersey: A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.114.
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§159.
①Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey:A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.117.
②National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§152
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§159
①Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.468.
②Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.469.
③138 NLRB 1032,51 LRRM 1152(1962).
④Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.(New York), 56 NLRB 1635,14 Lrrm 187(1944).
⑤Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.470.
⑥Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.471.
⑦Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.471.
②Cornell University 183 NLRB 329, 74 LRRM 1269(1970)
③Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. Ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.506.
①National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§159
②General Shoe Corp. 77 N.L.R.B. 124 (1948)
③General Shoe Corp. 77 N.L.R.B. 124 (1948)
④National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§158
①Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.1784.
②Avery Leiserson Certification of Collective Bargaining Representatives Public Administration Review Vol.2, No.4(Autumn, 1942) p.298.
①Michael R. Carrell, Christina H eavrin,J.D. Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practive, and Law 6thed. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, p.118.
②Joy Silk Mills,Inc. v. NLRB, 185 F2d 732, 741,27 LRRM 2012(CA DC,1950).
①NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co., 395 US 575, 71 LRRM 2481(1969).
①Hollywood Ceramics Co., 140 NLRB 221, 226 n. 6, 51 LRRM 1600(1962).
②Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.349.
③NVF Company, Hartwell Division, 210 NLRB 131(1957)
①Sewell Manufacturing,138 NLRB 66(1992)
②KI(USA)Corporation,309 NLRB 1063(1993)
③Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7thed. NewJersey: A Simon & Schuster Company EnglewoodCliffs, p.134.
④National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§158。
⑤Bauer Welding &Metal Fabricators v. NLRB, 758 F2d 308,118 LRRM 3193(CA 8,1985)
①资方临时性关闭工厂,或拒绝给其雇员分派工作,以迫使他们接受某些有利于资方的条件。在劳资纠纷中,它被作为对付罢工和工会的一种手段而使用。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,北京:法律出版社2003年,第864页。
②Standard Knitting Mills,Inc., 172 NLRB 1122(1968)
③American Telecommunications Corp., 249 NLRB 1135(1980).
①Tennessee Auger Co., 169 v. NLRB 914(1968)
②Dynamics Corp. of America, Fremont Division, 286 NLRB No. 96 (1987)
③Savair Manufacturing Co., 441 U.S. 270(1973)
④Savair Manufacturing Co., 441 U.S. 270(1973).
⑤薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年,第192页。
①程延园著:《集体谈判制度研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社2004年版,第157页。
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3th. ed. pp.176-177.
②E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, 1998, pp.178-180.
①National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§159
②罗伯特·A·高尔曼著:《劳动法基本教程——劳工联合与集体谈判》,马静、王增森等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第428页。
③NLRB v. Borg-Warner Corp., Wooster Division, 356 US 342, 42 LRRM 2034 (1958).
①Ford Motor Co. v. NLRB 441 US 488, 496, 101 LRRM 2222 (1979)
②Weston &Brooker Co., 154 NLRB 747, 60 LRRM 1015 (1965).
③Sertafilm, Atlas Microfilming Div., 267 NLRB 682, 114 LRRM 1120 (1983).
④American Oil Co., 238 NLRB 294, 99 LRRM 1253 (1978).
①Printing Pressmen Local 252,219 NLRB 268, 89 LRRM 1553 (1975).
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§§158.
④NLRB v. Katz, 369 US 736, 50 LRRM 2177(1962).
①Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,the Courts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.603.
②NLRB v. United Stated Cold Storage Corp., 203 F2d 924, 32 LRRM 2024 (CA 5, 1953)
①Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago : American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.621.
②Reed & Prince Mfg. Co., 96 NLRB 850, 28 LRRM 1608 (1951).
①Radiator Specialty Co., 143 NLRB 350, 368 53 LRRM 1319 (1963).
②J.I. Case v. NLRB, 321 US 332 ,14 LRRM 501(1944)
③J.I. Case v. NLRB, 321 US 332 ,14 LRRM 501(1944)
④NLRB v. Truitt Manufacturing Co. 351 U. S. 149, 38 LRRM 2024 (1956)
①NLRB v. Truitt Manufacturing Co. 351 US 149, 38 LRRM 2024 (1956).
②Taft Broadcasting Co. 163 NLRB 475, 64 LRRM 1386(1967).
③Taft Broadcasting Co. 163 NLRB 475, 64 LRRM 1386(1967).
①Ellen J. Dannin: Legislative Intent and Impasse Resolution under the National Labor Relations Act: Does Law atter Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal 1997
②National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§158
①Robert E. Allen, Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, pp.356-357.
④M. Ali Rara and A. Janell Anderson: Labor Relations and the Law New Jersey:, ASimon and Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, 1996, p.216.
①NLRB v. Mackay Radio &Telegraph Co. 304 U.S. 333(1938).
②NLRB v. Mackay Radio &Telegraph Co. 304 U.S. 333(1938).
③M. Ali Rara and A. Janell Anderson: Labor Relations and the Law New Jersey: ASimon and Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, 1996, p.221.
④Lane v. NLRB, 418 F2d 1208, 72 LRRM 2439 (CADC, 1969)
⑤361 US at 488-89, 45 LRRM at 2708-9.
①E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, 1998, pp.296-297.
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§158
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004, pp. 227.
②劳动人事部政策研究室编:《外国劳动法选》(第2辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1983年版,第518页。
①周剑云:《美国劳资法律制度研究》(1887-1947),北京:中央编译出版社2009年版,第237-238页。
②Robert E. Allen, Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, pp.372-373.
①Neil W. Chamberlain and James W. Kuhn: Collective Bargaining 3th, ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986, p.138.
②Reed C. Richardson: Collective Bargaining by Objective: a Positive Approach 2th.ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, Cliffs, New Jersey, 1985. p.204.
①Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney:1996 Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey: A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs, p.234.
②E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. ed. New Jersey, Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, 1998, pp.321.
③Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004, pp. 268-269
①Julius G. Getman: Labor Arbitration and Dispute Resolution The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 88, No. 5, Dispute Resolution (Apr., 1979), p.917.
②Sargent Electric Co., 209 NLRB 630 (1974).
①General Motors Corp. Delco Moraine Div., 237 NLRB 1509 (1978).
②Retail Clerks, Local 324, FED Mart Stores, Inc., 261 NLRB 1086 (1982)
③劳动人事部劳动科学研究所编:《外国劳动法选》(第3辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1987年版,第82-83页。
①E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, , 1998, p.318.
②Reed C. Richardson: Collective Bargaining by Objective: a Positive Approach 2th. ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, Cliffs, 1985. pp.204-205.
③Julius G. Getman: Labor Arbitration and Dispute Resolution, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 88, No. 5, Dispute Resolution (Apr., 1979), p. 920.
④Robert E. Allen, Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, p.552.
①Textile Workers Union v. Lincoln Mill 353 U.S. 448 (1957).
②[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第273页。
③United Steelworkers v. American Manufacturing Co. 363 U.S. 564 (1960); United Steelworkers v. Warrior and Gulf Navigation Co. 363 U.S. 574 (1960); United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp. 363 U.S. 593(1960)
④Robert E. Allen, Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, p.558.
⑤Warrio and Gulf Navigation Co., 363 U.S. 574 (1960),转引自[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第276页。
①E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, , 1998, p.323.
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004, pp. 283-284
②Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004, pp. 284
①Steelworkers v. Warrior & Gulf Navigation Co., 363 US 574, 581, 46 Lrrm 2416.
②周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究》,北京:中央编译出版社2009年版,第239页。
③S.Rep. No. 105, 80th Cong., 1st Sess. 17-18 (1947).
④Textile Workers v. Lincoln Mills, 353 US 448, 485,40 LRRM 2113 (1957)
①Textile Workers v. Lincoln Mills, 353 US 448, 485,40 LRRM 2113 (1957);United Steelworkers v. American Manufacturing Co. 363 U.S. 564 (1960); United Steelworkers v. Warrior and Gulf Navigation Co. 363 U.S. 574 (1960); United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp. 363 U.S. 593(1960)
②常凯著:《劳权论——当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第337-338页。
①NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1 (1937).
②周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究》,北京:中央编译出版社2009年版,第227页。
①Carey v. Westinghouse Electric Corp. 375 US 261 LRRM 2042 (1964)
②NLRB v. Strong Roofing & Insulating Co. 393 US 357, 70 Lrrm 2100 (1969).
③Spieberg Mfg. Co., 112 NLRB 1081, 36 LRRM 1152 (1955).
④International Havester Co. 138 NLRB 923, 51 LRRM 1155 (1962)
①International Havester Co. 138 NLRB 923, 51 LRRM 1155 (1962)
②Collyer Insulate Wire, 192 NLRB 837, 77 LRRM 1931 (1971).
③Kaiser Steel Corp. v. Mullers, 455 US 72, 109 LRRM 2268 (1982)
①Shulman, Reason, Contract, and Law in Labor Relations, 68 HARV. L. REV. 999, 1024 (1955).p.1024
①常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第252-253页。
②[美]艾伦·沃森著,《民法法系的演变及形成》,李静冰、姚新华译,,北京:中国法制出版社2009年版,第30页。
①Harry N. Scheiber Ed. The State and Freedom of Contract, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998, pp.201-203.
②[美]伯纳德·施瓦茨著:《美国法律史》,王军等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社1990年版,第138页。
③参见陈文煊:《劳动法倾斜保护劳动者原则之合理性论证》,载《社会法评论》(第2卷)。
④[日]竹内昭夫等编:《新法律学辞典》,有斐阁(日文版),平成元年,第950页,转引自常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第220页。
①常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第243页
②Edited by Harry N. Scheiber: The State and Freedom of Contract Stanford: Stanford University Press 1998, p.223.
③常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第252页
④所谓团体协约自治,是指工会和雇主团体拥有一个缔结团体协约之自由,而经由这个团体协约对于劳资双方的劳动条件有所规范。参见杨通轩:《集体劳工法——理论与实务》,五南图书出版股份有限公司2007年版,第25页。
⑤黄越钦著:《劳动法新论》,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第307页。
①[比]罗杰·布兰佩因著:《欧洲劳动法与劳动关系》,台北:“中华民国”劳资关系协进会1999年版,第441页。
②杨通轩著:《集体劳工法——理论与实务》,台北:五南图书出版股份有限公司2007年版,第224-225页。
③Ellen Dannin: Taking Back the Workers’Law: How to Fight the Assault on Labor Right,New York: Cornell University Press, 2006, p.4.
①Taylor E. Dark III:Prospects for Labor Law Reform http://taylordark.com/TDexcerpt.pdf 2011/01/16登录。
②季卫东著:《法律程序的意义》,北京:中国法制出版社2004年版,第17页。
①Taylor E. Dark III:Prospects for Labor Law Reform http://taylordark.com/TDexcerpt.pdf 2011/01/16登录。
②季卫东著:《法律程序的意义》,北京:中国法制出版社2004年版,第17页。
①[日]谷口安平著:“程序公正”,载宋冰:《程序、正义与现代化——外国法学家在华演讲录》,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版,第376页。
②季卫东著:《法律程序的意义》,北京:中国法制出版社2004年版,第25-26页。
③孙笑侠著:《程序的法理》,北京:商务出版社2005年版,第114页。
④Jerry L.Mashaw:Administrative Due Process:the Quest for a Dignitary Theory in Boston University Law Rerew,Vol. 61,1981.
⑤陈瑞华:《程序正义的理论基础——评马修的尊严价值理论》,载《中国法学》,2000年第3期,第150页。
①[日]谷口安平著:“程序公正”,载宋冰:《程序、正义与现代化——外国法学家在华演讲录》,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版,第363页。
③Edited by Roger Blanpain: Decentralizing Industrial Relations and the Role of Labor Unions and Employee Representatives,Netherlands: Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2007, p.109.
④劳动人事部政策研究室编:《外国劳动法选》,北京:劳动人事出版社1983年版,492页。
①孙笑侠著:《程序的法理》,北京:商务出版社2005年版,第107页。
③孙笑侠著:《程序的法理》,北京:商务出版社2005年版,第108页。
①E.博登海默著:《法理学:法律哲学与法律方法》,邓正来译,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版,第219页。
②Neil W. Chamberlin and James W. Kuhn Collective Bargaining New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1986, p.410.
③Neil W. Chamberlin and James W. Kuhn Collective Bargaining New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1986, p.428.
④Neil W. Chamberlin and James W. Kuhn Collective Bargaining New York:McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1986, p.417.
⑤Neil W. Chamberlin and James W. Kuhn Collective Bargaining New York:McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1986, p.409.
①参见第三章第三节美国企业罢工次数及参与人数统计表(1947-1996)
②Merryle Stanley Rukeyster: Collective Bargaining: The Power to Destroy——New and Better Ways to Industrial Peace.New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc. p.159
③程延园著:《集体谈判制度研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社2004年版,第59页。
④Michael R. Carrell and Christina Heavrin: Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practice, and Law: New Jersey : Upper Saddle River, 2001 p.230.
⑤Michael R. Carrell and Christina Heavrin: Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practice, and Law: New Jersey : Upper Saddle River, 2001 p.230.
⑥工会与雇主签订的劳动合同中)规定工资可按一定标准(如生活指数等)作上下调整的条款。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第488页。
①Robert M. Macdonald: Collective Bargaiing in the Postwar Period Industrial and Labor Relations Review Vol. 20, No. 4(Jul. 1967),p. 568.
②Merryle Stanley Rukeyster: Collective Bargaining: The Power to Destroy——New and Better Ways to Industrial Peace .New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc. p.152.
③Merryle Stanley Rukeyster: Collective Bargaining: The Power to Destroy——New and Better Ways to Industrial Peace. .New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc. p.152.
④Edited by James T. Bennett and Bruce E. Kaufman What Do Unions Do: A Twenty-year Perspective? New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, 2007 p.84.
⑤李剑鸣:《美国革命时期民主主概念的演变》,载《历史研究》2007年第1期,第135页。
⑥Susan Orr ,2008,Forming the Union: Representation, Constituencies, and Bargaining Units Western Political Science Association, Annual Meeting ,p.23..
①James A. Gross: A Human Rights Perspective on United States Labor Relations Law Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal 1999.
②Howard Dickman: Industrial Democracy in America: Ideological Origins of National Labor Relations Policy Illinois : Open Court La Salle 1987 pp.257-258.
③指某一团体的多数有权作出约束整个团体的决定的政治原则。它是由实际参与投票的多数决定的原则,不论其是否构成有资格投票的多多数,此系共和制政体的基础。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第886页。
④Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney U.S. Labor Relations Law: Historical Development New Jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, 1992, p.223.
①Ruth Weyand: Majority Rule in Collective Bargaining Columbia Law Review, 1945,Vol.45,p.556.
②哈贝马斯著:《在事实与规范之间——关于法律和民主法治国的商谈理论》,童世骏译,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店2003年版,第377页。
③季卫东著:《法律程序的形式性与实质性——以对程序理论的批判和批判理论的程序化为线索》,《北京大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2006年第1期,第114页。
①[英]梅因著:《古代法》,沈景一译,北京:商务印书馆1984年版,第97页。
②郭成伟、王广彬著:《公平良善之法律规制——中国社会保障法制探究》,北京:中国法制出版社2003年版,第3页。
③Alexander Hamilton Frey: The Logic of Collective Bargaining and Arbitration Law and Contemporary Problems Vol. 12, Labor Dispute Settlement (1947)
①劳动人事部劳动科学研究所编:《外国劳动法选》(第3辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1987年版,第635-636页。
②劳动人事部劳动科学研究所编:《外国劳动法选》(第3辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1987年版,第163-164页。
①National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C.§§152)
②史尚宽著:《劳动法原论》,世界书局1934年版,第7页。
②[英]J·S密尔著:《代议制政府》,汪瑄译,北京:商务出版社1982版,第43页。
①吴亚平.《关于基层工会主席直接选举的几个问题》,载《工会理论研究》,2008年,第2期,第22-23页。
②参见王益康:《基层工会主席直接选举:源起、成效与前景》,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004年,第31页。
③国家统计局《1997年度劳动事业发展统计公报》,载《中国劳动》,1998年第7期,第37-39页。
②志灵:《残酷数据戳穿虚假理论》,载《共产党员》2010年,第15期,第32页。
③李晓春,孙双星:《对集体合同制度宣传教育工作的思考》,载《北京劳动》,1998年,第4期,转引自郑桥:《中国劳动关系变迁30年之集体协商和集体合同制度》,载,现代交际》,2009年第2期,第65页。
①[英]F. W.梅特兰:《普通法的诉讼形式》,王云霞、马海峰、彭蕾译,商务印书馆2009年版,第34页。
②(明)刘惟谦等撰:《大明律》卷前之《进明律表》,怀效锋点校,法律出版社1999年版,第3页。
③郑桥:《中国劳动关系变迁30年之集体协商和集体合同制度》,载,《现代交际》,2009年第2期,第68页。
②冯同庆:《被规避、被冷落的劳动合同法及其出路——劳动关系调整中国家行政主导取向之检讨》,载《北京市工会干部学报》,2009年第1期,第40页。
②P.诺内特、P.塞尔兹尼克著:《转变中的法律与社会:迈向回应型法》,张志铭译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2004年版,第89页。
①See Myron Roomkin: A Quantitative Study of Unfair Labor Practice Cases, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Jan., 1981), pp. 245-256
②See Myron Roomkin: A Quantitative Study of Unfair Labor Practice Cases, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Jan., 1981), p. 256.
③史尚宽著:《劳动法原论》,上海:1934年初版,1978年台湾正大印书馆重刊版,第248页。
①常凯:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第371页
②郑尚元著:《劳动争议处理程序法的现代化——中国劳动争议处理制度的反思与前瞻》,北京:中国方正出版社2004年版,第124页。
③郑尚元、李海明、扈春梅著:《劳动和社会保障法学》,中国政法大学出版社2008年版,第188页。
④翟玉娟:《论集体谈判和集体协商》,载《当代法学》,2003年第7期,第58页。
①强磊:《论我国劳动法改革中的几个问题》,《中国劳动关系学院学报》,1991年第4期,第47页。
②[清]沈家本撰:《历代刑法考》,《寄簃文存》卷六《重刻明律序》,中华书局1985年版,第2210页。
③Antony Black: Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought from the Tewlfth Century to the Present Methuen & Co. LTD 1984, p.171.
①(法)托克维尔:《论美国的民主》,商务印务馆1997年版,第72页。
1. Patrick Hardin, Edit. In Chief: The Developing Labor Law: the Board, the Courts, and the National Labor Relations Act 3th.Edition. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago IL, 1992.
2. Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin, J.D. Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practice and Law New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2001.
3. Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relation Law 7th Edition NewJersy: A Simon & Schuster Company EnglewoodCliffs, 1996.
4. Howard Dickman: Industrial Democracy in America: Ideological Origins of National Labor Relations Policy, Illinois: Open Court La Salle, 1987.
5. David Brody: Labor Embattled:History, Power, Rights Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press 2005
6. Ellen Dannin: Taking Back the Worker’s Law: How to Fight the Assault on Labor Rights,New York: Cornell University Press, 2006.
7. Daniel Jacoby: Laboring for Freedom: A New Look at the History of Labor in America New York: M E.Sharpe,Inc. 1998
8. Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain: Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, Edition, Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005.
9. Rebecca E. Zietlow Enforcing Equality: Congress, the Constitution, and the Protection of IndividualRights New York: New York University Press 2006.
10. Edited by WahibNasrallah: Research and Information Guides in Business, Industry and Economic Institutions,New York: A Routledge Series,2002,
11. Robert E.Allen and Timothy J.Keaveny, Contemporary Labor Relations, New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1988.
12. Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2004.
13. Neil W. Chamberlain and James W. Kuhn: Collective Bargaining 3th, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986.
14. Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville:The University of TennesseePress, 1964.
15. Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney U.S. Labor Relations Law: Historical Development New Jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, 1992.
16. Edited by Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King, Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992.
17. Anthony Woodiwiss:Rights v. Conspiracy:a Sociological Essay on the History of Labour Law in the United States New York: St Martin’s Press, 1990.
18. 18、M. Ali Raza and A.Janell Anderson: Labor Relations and the Law New Jersey : Prentice-Hall, Inc, A Simon and Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, 1996.
19. Edited by Roger Blanpain: Decentralizing Industrial Relations and the Role of Labor Unions and Employee Representatives, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International BV, 2007,
20. Reed C. Richardson: Collective Bargaining by Objective: a Positive Approach 2th. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, Cliffs, 1985.
21. Merryle Stanley Rukeyster: Collective Bargaining: The Power to Destroy——New and Better Ways to Industrial Peace.New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc.1968.
22. Edited by James T. Bennett and Bruce E. Kaufman What Do Unions Do: A Twenty-year Perspective? New Jersey:Transatcion Publishers, New Brunswick, 2007.
23. Antony Black: Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought from the Tewlfth Century to the Present, London: Methuen & Co. LTD 1984.
1. Neil Chamberlain,”The Nature and Scope of Collective Bargaining”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol.58, No.3(May,1944)
2. James Gray Pope: Labor Constitution of Freedom, Yale Law Journal Company, Inc, 1997.
3. Susan Orr Forming the Union: Representation, Constituencies, and Bargaining Units Western Political Science Association, 2008 Annual Meeting.
4. Ellen J. Dannin:Legislative Intent and Impasse Resolution under the National Labor Relations Act: Does Law Matter Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal 1997
5. Julius G. Getman: Labor Arbitration and Dispute Resolution, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 88, No. 5, Dispute Resolution (Apr., 1979),
6. Shulman, Reason, Contract, and Law in Labor Relations, 68 Harv. L. Rev. (1955).
7. Harry N. Scheiber Ed. The State and Freedom of Contract, Stanford University Pressk, 1998.
8. Jerry L.Mashaw:Administrative Due Process:the Quest for a Dignitary Theory in Boston University Law Review,Vol.61.1981.
9. Robert M. Macdonald: Collective Bargaiing in the Postwar Period Industrial and Labor Relations Review Vol. 20, No. 4(Jul. 1967).
10. Ruth Weyand: Majority Rule in Collective Bargaining Columbia Law Review, 1945,Vol.45.
11. Alexander Hamilton Frey: The Logic of Collective Bargaining and Arbitration Law and Contemporary Problems Vol. 12, Labor Dispute Settlenent (1947)
12. Myron Roomkin: A Quantitative Study of Unfair Labor Practice Cases, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Jan., 1981)
1. Adair v. United States, 208 U.S. 161 (1908)
2. A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United Statesnal 295 U.S. 495 (1935).
3. Allgeyer v. Louisiana 165 U. S. 578(1897)
4. American Can Co., 13 NLRB 1252, 4 LRRM 392(1939)
5. American Oil Co., 238 NLRB 294, 99 LRRM 1253 (1978)
6. American Telecommunications Corp., 249 NLRB 1135(1980)
7. Bauer Welding &Metal Fabricators v. NLRB, 758 F2d 308,118 LRRM 3193(CA 8,1985)
8. Carey v. Westinghouse Electric Corp. 375 US 261 LRRM 2042 (1964)
9. Commonwealth v. John Hunt &others 45 Mass. 111 (1842)
10. Collyer Insulate Wire, 192 NLRB 837, 77 LRRM 1931 (1971)
11. Cornell University 183 NLRB 329, 74 LRRM 1269(1970)
12. Coronado Coal Co. v. United Mine Workers, 268 U.S. 295 (1925).
13. Duplex Printing Press Co. v. Deering254 U.S. 274 (1921)
14. Dynamics Corp. of America, Fremont Division, 286 NLRB No. 96 (1987)
15. Ford Motor Co. v. NLRB 441 US 488, 496, 101 LRRM 2222 (1979)
16. General Elec, Co., 58NLRB 57,15 LRRM 33(1944).
17. General Motors Corp. Delco Moraine Div., 237 NLRB 1509 (1978)
18. General Shoe Corp. 77 N.L.R.B. 124 (1948)
19. Hitchman Coal Company v. Mitchell 245 U.S. 229 (1917).
20. Holden v. Hardy 169 U.S. 366 (1898)
21. Hollywood Ceramics Co., 140 NLRB 221, 226 n. 6, 51 LRRM 1600(1962)
22. International Havester Co. 138 NLRB 923, 51 LRRM 1155 (1962)
23. J.I. Case v. NLRB, 321 US 332 ,14 LRRM 501(1944)
24. Joy Silk Mills,Inc. v. NLRB, 185 F2d 732, 741,27 LRRM 2012(CA DC,1950).
25. Kaiser Steel Corp. v. Mullers, 455 US 72, 109 LRRM 2268 (1982)
26. KI(USA)Corporation,309 NLRB 1063(1993)
27. Knoxville Iron Co. v. Harbison, 183 U.S. 13 (1901).
28. Lane v. NLRB, 418 F2d 1208, 72 LRRM 2439 (CADC, 1969)
29. Lochner v.New York 198 U.S. 45 (1905)
30. Loewe v. Lawler 208 U.S. 274 (1908)
31. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.(New York), 56 NLRB 1635,14 Lrrm 187(1944)
32. National Labor Relations Board v.Jones&Laughlin Steel Corporation,301 U.S.1(1937)
33. National Tube Compamy, 76 NLRB 1199(1948)
34. Reed & Prince Mfg. Co., 96 NLRB 850, 28 LRRM 1608 (1951)
35. NLRB v. Borg-Warner Corp., Wooster Division, 356 US 342, 42 LRRM 2034 (1958)
36. NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co., 395 US 575, 71 LRRM 2481(1969)
37. NLRB v Insurance Agents Union, 361 US 477, 495, 45 LRRM 2704 (1960)
38. NLRB v. Katz, 369 US 736, 50 LRRM 2177(1962)
39. NLRB v. Mackay Radio &Telegraph Co. 304 U.S. 333(1938).
40. NLRB v. Strong Roofing & Insulating Co. 393 US 357, 70 Lrrm 2100 (1969).
41. NLRB v. Truitt Manufacturing Co. 351 U. S. 149, 38 LRRM 2024 (1956)
42. NLRB v. United Stated Cold Storage Corp., 203 F2d 924, 32 LRRM 2024 (CA 5, 1953)
43. NVF Company, Hartwell Division, 210 NLRB 131(1957)
44. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company v. NLRB, 313 U.S. 146(1941)
45. Printing Pressmen Local 252,219 NLRB 268, 89 LRRM 1553 (1975)
46. Radiator Specialty Co., 143 NLRB 350, 368 53 LRRM 1319 (1963)
47. Retail Clerks, Local 324, FED Mart Stores, Inc., 261 NLRB 1086 (1982)
48. Ritchie v. people 155 Ill. 98, at 114, 40 N.E. 454, at 459 (1895).
49. Sargent Electric Co., 209 NLRB 630 (1974)
50. Savair Manufacturing Co., 441 U.S. 270(1973)
51. Sewell Manufacturing,138 NLRB 66(1992)
52. Save-On Drugs138 NLRB 1032,51 LRRM 1152(1962)
53. Sertafilm, Atlas Microfilming Div., 267 NLRB 682, 114 LRRM 1120 (1983)
54. Spieberg Mfg. Co., 112 NLRB 1081, 36 LRRM 1152 (1955)
55. Stafford v. Wallace, 258 U.S. 495 (1922)
56. Standard Knitting Mills,Inc., 172 NLRB 1122(1968)
57. State v. Goodwill, 33 W.Va. 179, at 186, 10 S.E. 285, at 287 (1889).
58. State v. Kreutzberg, 114 Wis. 530, at 541, 90 N.W. 1098, at 1102 (1902)
59. St. Louis Ry. Co. v. Paul, 173 U.S. 404 (1899)
60. Street v. Varney Electrical Supply Co., 160 Ind. 338, at 346, 66 N.E. 895, at 898 (1903)
61. Taft Broadcasting Co. 163 NLRB 475, 64 LRRM 1386(1967)
62. Tennessee Auger Co., 169 v. NLRB 914(1968)
63. Textile Workers v. Lincoln Mills, 353 US 448, 485,40 LRRM 2113 (1957)
64. Tesas& N.O.R.R. v. brotherhood of Ry. Clerks. 281 US 548 (1930)
65. United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co., 259 U.S. 344 (1922)
66. National Labor Relations Board v.Jones&Laughlin Steel Corporation,301 U.S.1(1937)
67. United States v. Weirton Steel Co., 10 F. Supp. 55 (D.C..Del.. 1935)
68. United Steelworkers v. American Manufacturing Co. 363 U.S. 564 (1960)
69. United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp. 363 U.S. 593(1960)
70. United Steelworkers v. Warrior and Gulf Navigation Co. 363 U.S. 574 (1960)
71. West Coast Hotel Company v.Parrish,300 U.S.379(1937)
72. Weston &Brooker Co., 154 NLRB 747, 60 LRRM 1015 (1965)
1. [美]威廉·B·古尔德著:《劳工法入门》,焦兴铠译,台北:国立编译馆出版1996年版。
2. [美]道格拉斯·L·莱斯利著:《劳动法概要》,张强、杨晓光、杨锋等译,北京:中国社会科学出版社1997年版。
3. [美]罗伯特·高尔曼著:《劳动法基本教程——劳工联合与集体谈判》,马静、王增森、李妍等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
4. [英]约翰·P·温德姆勒著:《工业化市场经济国家的集体谈判》,何平等译,北京:中国劳动出版社1994年版。
5. [美]丹尼尔·.奎因.·米尔斯著:《劳工关系》,李丽林、李俊霞译,北京:机械工业出版社2001年版。
6. [美]哈里·C·卡茨、托马斯·A.·科钱、亚历山大·J.S.·科尔文著:《集体谈判与产业关系概论》,李丽林,吴清军译,大连:东北财经大学出版社2010年版。
7. [美]E.博登海默著:《法理学:法律哲学与法律方法》,邓正来译,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版。
8. [美]P.诺内特、P.塞尔兹尼克著:《转变中的法律与社会:迈向回应型法》,张志铭译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2004年版。
9. [美]艾伦·沃森著,《民法法系的演变及形成》,李静冰、姚新华译,北京:中国法制出版社2009年版。
10. [美]汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著:《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,北京:商务印书馆2004的版。
11. [美]伯纳德·施瓦茨著:《美国法律史》,王军等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社1990年版。
12. [美]小奥利弗温德尔霍姆斯著:《普通法》,冉昊、姚中秋译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2006年版。
13. [德]哈贝马斯著:《在事实与规范之间——关于法律和民主法治国的商谈理论》,童世骏译,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店2003年版。
14. [法]托克维尔:《论美国的民主》,董果良译,北京:商务印务馆1997年版。
15. [日]棚赖孝雄著:《纠纷的解决和审判制度》,王亚新译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2002年版。
16. [日]谷口安平著:“程序公正”,载宋冰:《程序、正义与现代化——外国法学家在华演讲录》,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版。
17. [英]J·S密尔著:《代议制政府》,汪瑄译,北京:商务出版社1982版。
18. [英]梅因著:《古代法》,沈景一译,北京:商务印书馆1984年版。
19.薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,北京:法律出版社2003版。
20.中国劳动法学研究会编:《劳动法词典》,北京:辽宁人民出版社1987年版。
21.劳动人事部政策研究室编:《外国劳动法选》(第2辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1983年版。
22.劳动人事部劳动科学研究所编:《外国劳动法选》(第3辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1987年版。
23.周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究(1887—1947》,北京:中央编译出版社2009年版。
24.董保华著:《社会法原论》,北京:中国政法大学出版社2001年版。
25.常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版。
26.程延园:《集体谈判制度研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社2004年版。
27.赵红梅:《私法与社会法——第三法域之社会法基本理论范式》,北京:中国政法大学出版社2009年版。
28.季卫东著:《法律程序的意义》,北京:中国法制出版社2004年版。
29.孙笑侠著:《程序的法理》,北京:商务出版社2005年版。
30.杨通轩著:《集体劳工法——理论与实务》,台北:五南图书出版股份有限公司2007年版。
31.黄越钦著:《劳动法新论》,北京:中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
32.史尚宽著:《劳动法原论》,上海:1934年初版,1978年台湾正大印书馆重刊版。
33.刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,余志森主编:《美国通史(第四卷):崛起和扩张的年代1898——1929》,北京:人民出版社2002年版。
34.刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,刘绪贻、李存训主编:《美国通史(第五卷):富兰克林·D·罗斯福时代1929——1945》,北京:人民出版社2002年版。
35.刘绪贻主编:《战后美国史1945-2000》,北京:人民出版社2008年版。
36.北京大学法学院司法研究中心编:《宪法的精神——美国联邦最高法院200年经典判例选读》,北京:中国方正出版社2003年版。
37.郑尚元著:《劳动争议处理程序法的现代化——中国劳动争议处理制度的反思与前瞻》,北京:中国方正出版社2004年版。
38. 38、郭成伟、王广彬著:《公平良善之法律规制——中国社会保障法制探究》,北京:中国法制出版社2003年版。
39.刘继臣著:《集体合同制度》,北京:中国工人出版社1990年版。
40.强磊、李娥珍著:《当前中国的劳动合同,集体谈判与集体合同》,北京:中国物价出版社1994年版。
41.石美遐编著:《劳动合同·集体合同》,北京:法律出版社1998年版。
42.佘云霞著:《市场经济国家的集体谈判》,北京:中国工人出版社2004年版。
1.董保华著:《论事实上的契约关系——对第三法域的探索》,《南京大学法律评论》,2000年秋季号。
2.季卫东著:《法律程序的形式性与实质性——以对程序理论的批判和批判理论的程序化为线索》,《北京大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)。
3.冯同庆:《被规避、被冷落的劳动合同法及其出路——劳动关系调整中国家行政主导取向之检讨》,载《北京市工会干部学报》,2009年第1期。
4.强磊:《论我国劳动法改革中的几个问题》,《中国劳动关系学院学报》,1991年第4期。
5.郑桥:《中国劳动关系变迁30年之集体协商和集体合同制度》,载《现代交际》,2009年,第2期。
6.吴亚平:《关于基层工会主席直接选举的几个问题》,载《工会理论研究》,2008年,第2期。
7.陈瑞华:《程序正义的理论基础——评马修的尊严价值理论》,载《中国法学》,2000年第3期。
8.李剑鸣:《美国革命时期民主主概念的演变》,载《历史研究》2007年第1期。
9.翟玉娟:《论集体谈判和集体协商》,载《当代法学》,2003年第7期。
10.陈文煊:《劳动法倾斜保护劳动者原则之合理性论证》,载《社会法评论》(第2卷)。
11.姜俊逯:《论集体合同法律制度——集体合同法一般理论及在中国发展趋势研究》,北京大学博士论文,2001年。
12.蔡东丽:《罗斯福新政时期的联邦最高法院:(1933——1939)——从经济自由到公民权利》,华东政法学院博士论文,2007年。
13.王益康:《基层工会主席直接选举:源起、成效与前景》,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
1.美国国家劳资关系委员会官方网:http://www.nlrb.gov
2.中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站:http://www.gov.cn
3.找法网:http://china.findlaw.cn
4.中国网:http://www.china.com.cn
5.全国工会统计系统网站:http://stats.acftu.org
6.南方周末网:http://www.infzm.com
①程延园:《集体谈判制度研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社2004年版,第38页。
②中国劳动法学研究会编:《劳动法词典》,沈阳:辽宁人民出版社1987年版,第490页。
③石美遐编著:《劳动合同·集体合同》,北京:法律出版社1998年版,第168页。
④石美遐编著:《劳动合同·集体合同》,北京:法律出版社1998年版,第168页。
⑤常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社第245页。
⑥参见劳动和社会保障部:《集体合同规定》(2004),第4条:用人单位与本单位职工签订集体合同或专项集体合同,以及确定相关事宜,应当采取集体协商的方式。集体协商主要采取协商会议的形式。
⑦参见刘继臣著:《集体合同制度》,中国工人出版社,1990年版;姜俊逯:《论集体合同法律制度——集体合同法一般理论及在中国发展趋势研究》,北京大学博士论文,2001年。
⑧夏积智主编:《中国劳动法若干重要理论与政策问题研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社1999年版,第49页。
①国际劳工组织:《关于促进集体谈判的公约》,找法网:http://china.findlaw.cn/fagui/guojifa/gj/23/23463.html 2010/08/10登录
②[英]约翰·P·温德姆勒著:《工业化市场经济国家的集体谈判》,何平等译,北京:中国劳动出版社1994年版,第3页。
③Neil Chamberlain, The Nature and Scope of Collective Bargaining, The Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol.58, No.3(May,1944),p.361.
④Neil W. Chamberlain and James W. Kuhn: Collective Bargaining 3th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986, p.1.
⑤Robert E.Allen and Timothy J.Keaveny, Contemporary Labor Relations, New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1988 p.261-262.
①参见赵红梅:《私法与社会法——第三法域之社会法基本理论范式》,北京:中国政法大学出版社,第44-74页。
②董保华著:《社会法原论》,北京:中国政法大学出版社2001年版,第199页。
③董保华著:《论事实上的契约关系——对第三法域的探索》,《南京大学法律评论》,2000年秋季号,第44页。
①佘云霞著:《市场经济国家的集体谈判》,北京:中国工人出版社2004年版,第138页。
②也译作全国劳资关系委员会、全国劳工关系局或国家劳工关系局。
③[美]威廉·B·古尔德著:《劳工法入门》,焦兴铠译,台北:国立编译馆出版1996年版。
④[美]道格拉斯·L·莱斯利著:《劳动法概要》,张强、杨晓光、杨锋等译,北京:中国社会科学出版社1997年版。
⑤[美]丹尼尔·.奎因.·米尔斯著:《劳工关系》,李丽林、李俊霞译,北京:机械工业出版社2001年版。
⑥[美]罗伯特·高尔曼著:《劳动法基本教程——劳工联合与集体谈判》,马静、王增森、李妍等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
⑦[美]哈里·C·卡茨、托马斯·A.·科钱、亚历山大·J.S.·科尔文著:《集体谈判与产业关系概论》,李丽林,吴清军译,大连:东北财经大学出版社2010年版。
①周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究(1887—1947》,北京:中央编译出版社2009年版。
②宋凯:《美国劳资关系法的博奕分析》,中国政法大学硕士论文,2008年;李娜:《美国大学教师集体谈判制度研究》,河南大学硕士论文,2008年;金帷;《美国大学教师组织集体谈判制度研究》,北京师范大学硕士论文,2008年。
①Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville:The University of Tennessee Press, 1964.
②Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney U.S. Labor Relations Law: Historical Development New Jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, 1992.
③Patrick Hardin, Edit. In Chief: The Developing Labor Law: the Board, the Courts, and the National Labor Relations Act 3th.edit. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.1992.
④Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, lnc. 1986.
⑤Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin, J.D. Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practice and Law New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2001.
⑥Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. A Simon & Schuster Company EnglewoodCliffs, NewJersey,1996.
①Howard Dickman: Industrial Democracy in America: Ideological Origins of National Labor Relations Policy, Illinois: Open Court La Salle, 1987.
②David Brody: Labpr Embattled: History, Power, Rights Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press 2005.
③Ellen Dannin: Taking Back the Worker’s Law: How to Fight the Assault on Labor Rights, New York: Cornell University Press, 2006.
④James Gray Pope: Labor Constitution of Freedom, Yale Law Journal Company, Inc, 1997.
⑤美国联邦宪法第13条修正案第1项:合众国境内或属合众国管辖地方之内,不准有奴隶或强迫劳役存在,惟用以对合法制罪之罪犯作为惩罚者不在此限。参见(美)汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著:《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,北京:商务印书馆2004的版,第468页。
①常凯著:《劳权论——当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第243页。
②在本文中的不同语境下会使用劳动者、雇员、工人雇工、职工、职员、员工等概念,但是其含义并没有本质的不同。
③Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, pp..33-34.
①Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, lnc.1986 p.6.
②Anthony Woodiwiss:Rights v. Conspiracy:a Sociological Essay on the History of Labour Law in the United States New York: St Martin’s Ptess, 1990, p.22.
③Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, p.45.
①Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, pp.51-52.
②Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, p.50.
③Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, p.50.
④Commonwealth v. John Hunt &others 45 Mass. 111 (1842)
⑤Commonwealth v. John Hunt &others 45 Mass. 111 (1842)
①Daniel Jacoby: Laboring for Freedom: A New Look at the History of Labor in America New York: M E.Sharpe,Inc. 1998. p.85.
②Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. McGraw-Hill, lnc.1986 pp.8-9.
③Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, lnc. 1986 p.9.
①Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain:Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, Ed. Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005. p.95.
②Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain:Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, Ed. Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005. p.108.
③Vegelahn v. Guntner, 167 Mass. 92 (1896)
④Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain:Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, ed. Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005. p.109.
②Loewe v. Lawolr 208 U.S. 274 (1908)
③[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第21—22页。
④[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第21页。
⑤Duplex Printing Press Co. v. Deering254 U.S. 274 (1921)
⑥Anthony Woodiwiss: Rights v. Conspiracy: A Sociological Essay on the History of Labour Law in the United Statse New York: St Martin’s Ptess, 1990, p.77.
①John R. Commons Trade Unionism and Labor Problems,introduction Boston:Boston University Press, 1905, p.7转引自周剑云著:《20世纪初美国劳资集体谈判思想初探》,载于《河南师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2008年第5期。
②Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain:Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, ed. Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005. p.11.
③[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第25页。
④Norris-LaGuardia Act ,47 Stat. 70 (1932),29 USC§§101-15 (1970)
⑤National Labor Relations Board v.Jones&Laughlin Steel Corporation,301 U.S.1(1937).
①刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,余志森主编:《美国通史(第四卷):崛起和扩张的年代1898——1929》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第192页。
②刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,余志森主编:《美国通史(第四卷):崛起和扩张的年代1898——1929》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第193页。
③Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.8.
①Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Case Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.9.
②State v. Haun, 61 Kan. 146, at 159, 59 P. 340, at 345 (1899).
③Street v. Varney Electrical Supply Co., 160 Ind. 338, at 346, 66 N.E. 895, at 898 (1903).
④State v. Goodwill, 33 W.Va. 179, at 186, 10 S.E. 285, at 287 (1889).
⑤Ritchie v. people 155 Ill. 98, at 114, 40 N.E. 454, at 459 (1895).
⑥State v. Kreutzberg, 114 Wis. 530, at 541, 90 N.W. 1098, at 1102 (1902).
⑦Holden v. Hardy 169 U.S. 366 (1898).
⑧St. Louis Ry. Co. v. Paul, 173 U.S. 404 (1899)
⑨Knoxville Iron Co. v. Harbison, 183 U.S. 13 (1901).
①Allgeyer v. Louisiana 165 U. S. 578(1897).
②Allgeyer v. Louisiana 165 U. S. 578(1897).
③指根据美国宪法第十条修正案授予州的权力,依此权,州有权制定和实施保障公共卫生、公共安全和社会福利的法律,或将此权委托给地方政府。不过州行使此项权力应受正当程序和其他规定的限制。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003版,第1063页。
④Lochner v.New York 198 U.S. 45 (1905).
⑤Lochner v.New York 198 U.S. 45 (1905).
⑥邱小平著:《法律的平等保护:美国宪法修正案第十四条(a)款研究》,北京:北京大学出版社2005年版,第77页。
②3 Erdman Act 0 Stat. 424.
③Adair v. United States, 208 U.S. 161 (1908).
④美国《联邦宪法》第五修正案中规定:未经相应法律程序,不得剥夺任何人之生命、自由或财产,非有恰当补偿,私人财产不得充公。参见[美]汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著:《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,北京:商务印书馆2004的版,第466页。
⑤Hitchman Coal Company v. Mitchell 245 U.S. 229 (1917).
⑥Hitchman Coal Company v. Mitchell 245 U.S. 229 (1917).
⑦Tesas& N.O.R.R. v. brotherhood of Ry. Clerks. 281 US 548 (1930)
⑧Tesas& N.O.R.R. v. brotherhood of Ry. Clerks. 281 US 548 (1930)
①Loewe v. Lawler 208 U.S. 274 (1908)
②United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co., 259 U.S. 344 (1922); Coronado Coal Co. v. United Mine Workers, 268 U.S. 295 (1925).
③United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co., 259 U.S. 344 (1922).
①刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,刘绪贻、李存训主编:《美国通史(第五卷):富兰克林·D·罗斯福时代1929——1945》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第13页。
②刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,刘绪贻、李存训主编:《美国通史(第五卷):富兰克林·D·罗斯福时代1929——1945》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第21页。
③Section 7(a), NIRA, 49 Stat. 195 (1933).
④Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, lnc.1986 p.11.
①Neil W. Chamberlaim and James W. Kuhn, Collective Bargaining 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, lnc.1986 p.15.
②Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville:The University of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.47.
③Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville:The University of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.71.
①United States v. Weirton Steel Co., 10 F. Supp. 55 (D.C..Del.. 1935)
③Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§158
①A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United Statesnal 295 U.S. 495 (1935).
②Rebecca E. ZietlowEnforcing Equality: Congress, the Constitution, and the Protection of Individual Rights New York: New York University Press 2006 p.85.
①[美]小奥利弗温德尔霍姆斯著:《普通法》,冉昊、姚中秋译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第1页。
②Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville: TheUniversity of Tennessee Press, 1964, p.149.
③关于法院填塞计划和1937年“宪法革命”的内容可参阅:《罗斯福新政时期的联邦最高法院:(1933——1939)——从经济自由到公民权利》,蔡东丽,华东政法学院博士论文,2007年。
④West Coast Hotel Company v.Parrish,300 U.S.379(1937)
①National Labor Relations Board v.Jones&Laughlin Steel Corporation,301 U.S.1(1937),
②北京大学法学院司法研究中心编:《宪法的精神——美国联邦最高法院200年经典判例选读》,北京:中国方正出版社2003年版,第247-248页。
③Stafford v. Wallace, 258 U.S. 495 (1922)
④《北京大学法学院司法研究中心编:宪法的精神——美国联邦最高法院200年经典判例选读》,北京:中国方正出版社2003年版,第249页。
⑤北京大学法学院司法研究中心编:《宪法的精神——美国联邦最高法院200年经典判例选读》,北京:中国方正出版社2003年版,第251页。
①Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1964. preface p.vi.
②Edited by WahibNasrallah: Research and Information Guides in Business, Industry and Economic Institutions, New York: A Routledge Series,2002, p.11.
③Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association. Chicago, IL (1992),p.35.
④Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association. Chicago, IL (1992),p.35.
①National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§158.
①M. Ali Raza and A.Janell Anderson: Labor Relations and the Law New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc, A Simon and Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, 1996, p.305.
②周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究》(1887-1947),北京:中央编译出版社2009年版,第235-237页。
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2004 p.59.
②Robert E. Allen,1970 Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, p.189.
①Ed. By Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992, p.288.
②刘绪贻主编:《战后美国史1945-2000》,北京:人民出版社2008年版,第608-609页。
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2004 pp.327-331.
②刘绪贻主编:《战后美国史1945-2000》,北京:人民出版社2008年版,第614页。
③Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin, Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining:Cases,Practice,and Law, 6th. ed. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2001. p.32.
①[美]指总统或其属下的行政机构为解释、补充宪法、法律、条约的规定,或使宪法、法律或条约的某一规定得以施行而发布的命令或规则。该命令只有在《联邦政府公报》[Federal Register]上公布,才产生法律效力。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年,第509页
②Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin, Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining:Cases,Practice,and Law, 6th, ed. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2001. p.34.
①Edited by WahibNasrallah, Research and Information Guides in Business, Industry and Economic Institutions, New York:A Routledge Series, 2002, p.15.
①Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin,J.D. Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practive, and Law 6th ed. New Jersey :Upper Saddle River, pp..94-95.
②E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Upper S addle River, 1992 pp.130-131.
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§159。
①Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company v. NLRB, 313 U.S. 146(1941)
②Susan Orr Forming the Union: Representation, Constituencies, and Bargaining Units Western Political Science Association, 2008 Annual Meeting p.13.
③Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7thed. NewJersey: A Simon & Schuster Company EnglewoodCliffs, p.107.
①American Can Co., 13 NLRB 1252, 4 LRRM 392(1939).
②Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,the Courts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.462.
③General Elec, Co., 58NLRB 57,15 LRRM 33(1944).
④Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.463.
⑤National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§159
⑥National Tube Compamy, 76 NLRB 1199(1948).
⑦Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey: A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.108.
①Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey:A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.109.
②Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey:A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.110.
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§152
①Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. . New Jersey: A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.112.
②Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. . New Jersey: A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.114.
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§159.
①Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey:A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs,NewJersey p.117.
②National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§152
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§159
①Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.468.
②Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.469.
③138 NLRB 1032,51 LRRM 1152(1962).
④Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.(New York), 56 NLRB 1635,14 Lrrm 187(1944).
⑤Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.470.
⑥Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.471.
⑦Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago:American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.471.
②Cornell University 183 NLRB 329, 74 LRRM 1269(1970)
③Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. Ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.506.
①National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§159
②General Shoe Corp. 77 N.L.R.B. 124 (1948)
③General Shoe Corp. 77 N.L.R.B. 124 (1948)
④National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S. C.§158
①Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.1784.
②Avery Leiserson Certification of Collective Bargaining Representatives Public Administration Review Vol.2, No.4(Autumn, 1942) p.298.
①Michael R. Carrell, Christina H eavrin,J.D. Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practive, and Law 6thed. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, p.118.
②Joy Silk Mills,Inc. v. NLRB, 185 F2d 732, 741,27 LRRM 2012(CA DC,1950).
①NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co., 395 US 575, 71 LRRM 2481(1969).
①Hollywood Ceramics Co., 140 NLRB 221, 226 n. 6, 51 LRRM 1600(1962).
②Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.349.
③NVF Company, Hartwell Division, 210 NLRB 131(1957)
①Sewell Manufacturing,138 NLRB 66(1992)
②KI(USA)Corporation,309 NLRB 1063(1993)
③Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relations Law 7thed. NewJersey: A Simon & Schuster Company EnglewoodCliffs, p.134.
④National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§158。
⑤Bauer Welding &Metal Fabricators v. NLRB, 758 F2d 308,118 LRRM 3193(CA 8,1985)
①资方临时性关闭工厂,或拒绝给其雇员分派工作,以迫使他们接受某些有利于资方的条件。在劳资纠纷中,它被作为对付罢工和工会的一种手段而使用。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,北京:法律出版社2003年,第864页。
②Standard Knitting Mills,Inc., 172 NLRB 1122(1968)
③American Telecommunications Corp., 249 NLRB 1135(1980).
①Tennessee Auger Co., 169 v. NLRB 914(1968)
②Dynamics Corp. of America, Fremont Division, 286 NLRB No. 96 (1987)
③Savair Manufacturing Co., 441 U.S. 270(1973)
④Savair Manufacturing Co., 441 U.S. 270(1973).
⑤薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年,第192页。
①程延园著:《集体谈判制度研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社2004年版,第157页。
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3th. ed. pp.176-177.
②E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, 1998, pp.178-180.
①National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§159
②罗伯特·A·高尔曼著:《劳动法基本教程——劳工联合与集体谈判》,马静、王增森等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第428页。
③NLRB v. Borg-Warner Corp., Wooster Division, 356 US 342, 42 LRRM 2034 (1958).
①Ford Motor Co. v. NLRB 441 US 488, 496, 101 LRRM 2222 (1979)
②Weston &Brooker Co., 154 NLRB 747, 60 LRRM 1015 (1965).
③Sertafilm, Atlas Microfilming Div., 267 NLRB 682, 114 LRRM 1120 (1983).
④American Oil Co., 238 NLRB 294, 99 LRRM 1253 (1978).
①Printing Pressmen Local 252,219 NLRB 268, 89 LRRM 1553 (1975).
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§§158.
④NLRB v. Katz, 369 US 736, 50 LRRM 2177(1962).
①Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,the Courts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.603.
②NLRB v. United Stated Cold Storage Corp., 203 F2d 924, 32 LRRM 2024 (CA 5, 1953)
①Editor in Chief Patrick Hardin, The Developing Labor Law: The Board,theCourts,and the National Labor Relations Act, 3th. ed. Chicago : American Bar Association Chicago, IL.(1992),p.621.
②Reed & Prince Mfg. Co., 96 NLRB 850, 28 LRRM 1608 (1951).
①Radiator Specialty Co., 143 NLRB 350, 368 53 LRRM 1319 (1963).
②J.I. Case v. NLRB, 321 US 332 ,14 LRRM 501(1944)
③J.I. Case v. NLRB, 321 US 332 ,14 LRRM 501(1944)
④NLRB v. Truitt Manufacturing Co. 351 U. S. 149, 38 LRRM 2024 (1956)
①NLRB v. Truitt Manufacturing Co. 351 US 149, 38 LRRM 2024 (1956).
②Taft Broadcasting Co. 163 NLRB 475, 64 LRRM 1386(1967).
③Taft Broadcasting Co. 163 NLRB 475, 64 LRRM 1386(1967).
①Ellen J. Dannin: Legislative Intent and Impasse Resolution under the National Labor Relations Act: Does Law atter Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal 1997
②National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§158
①Robert E. Allen, Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, pp.356-357.
④M. Ali Rara and A. Janell Anderson: Labor Relations and the Law New Jersey:, ASimon and Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, 1996, p.216.
①NLRB v. Mackay Radio &Telegraph Co. 304 U.S. 333(1938).
②NLRB v. Mackay Radio &Telegraph Co. 304 U.S. 333(1938).
③M. Ali Rara and A. Janell Anderson: Labor Relations and the Law New Jersey: ASimon and Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, 1996, p.221.
④Lane v. NLRB, 418 F2d 1208, 72 LRRM 2439 (CADC, 1969)
⑤361 US at 488-89, 45 LRRM at 2708-9.
①E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, 1998, pp.296-297.
③National Labor Relations Act 29 U.S.C.§158
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004, pp. 227.
②劳动人事部政策研究室编:《外国劳动法选》(第2辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1983年版,第518页。
①周剑云:《美国劳资法律制度研究》(1887-1947),北京:中央编译出版社2009年版,第237-238页。
②Robert E. Allen, Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, pp.372-373.
①Neil W. Chamberlain and James W. Kuhn: Collective Bargaining 3th, ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986, p.138.
②Reed C. Richardson: Collective Bargaining by Objective: a Positive Approach 2th.ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, Cliffs, New Jersey, 1985. p.204.
①Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney:1996 Labor Relations Law 7th ed. NewJersey: A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs, p.234.
②E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. ed. New Jersey, Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, 1998, pp.321.
③Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004, pp. 268-269
①Julius G. Getman: Labor Arbitration and Dispute Resolution The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 88, No. 5, Dispute Resolution (Apr., 1979), p.917.
②Sargent Electric Co., 209 NLRB 630 (1974).
①General Motors Corp. Delco Moraine Div., 237 NLRB 1509 (1978).
②Retail Clerks, Local 324, FED Mart Stores, Inc., 261 NLRB 1086 (1982)
③劳动人事部劳动科学研究所编:《外国劳动法选》(第3辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1987年版,第82-83页。
①E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, , 1998, p.318.
②Reed C. Richardson: Collective Bargaining by Objective: a Positive Approach 2th. ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, Cliffs, 1985. pp.204-205.
③Julius G. Getman: Labor Arbitration and Dispute Resolution, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 88, No. 5, Dispute Resolution (Apr., 1979), p. 920.
④Robert E. Allen, Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, p.552.
①Textile Workers Union v. Lincoln Mill 353 U.S. 448 (1957).
②[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第273页。
③United Steelworkers v. American Manufacturing Co. 363 U.S. 564 (1960); United Steelworkers v. Warrior and Gulf Navigation Co. 363 U.S. 574 (1960); United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp. 363 U.S. 593(1960)
④Robert E. Allen, Timothy J. Keaveny: Contemporary Labor Relations New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1988, p.558.
⑤Warrio and Gulf Navigation Co., 363 U.S. 574 (1960),转引自[美]威廉·古德著,焦兴铠译,《美国劳工法入门》台北:国立编译馆1995年版,第276页。
①E. Edward Herman: Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 4th. ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, , 1998, p.323.
①Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004, pp. 283-284
②Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations, 3th. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004, pp. 284
①Steelworkers v. Warrior & Gulf Navigation Co., 363 US 574, 581, 46 Lrrm 2416.
②周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究》,北京:中央编译出版社2009年版,第239页。
③S.Rep. No. 105, 80th Cong., 1st Sess. 17-18 (1947).
④Textile Workers v. Lincoln Mills, 353 US 448, 485,40 LRRM 2113 (1957)
①Textile Workers v. Lincoln Mills, 353 US 448, 485,40 LRRM 2113 (1957);United Steelworkers v. American Manufacturing Co. 363 U.S. 564 (1960); United Steelworkers v. Warrior and Gulf Navigation Co. 363 U.S. 574 (1960); United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp. 363 U.S. 593(1960)
②常凯著:《劳权论——当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第337-338页。
①NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1 (1937).
②周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究》,北京:中央编译出版社2009年版,第227页。
①Carey v. Westinghouse Electric Corp. 375 US 261 LRRM 2042 (1964)
②NLRB v. Strong Roofing & Insulating Co. 393 US 357, 70 Lrrm 2100 (1969).
③Spieberg Mfg. Co., 112 NLRB 1081, 36 LRRM 1152 (1955).
④International Havester Co. 138 NLRB 923, 51 LRRM 1155 (1962)
①International Havester Co. 138 NLRB 923, 51 LRRM 1155 (1962)
②Collyer Insulate Wire, 192 NLRB 837, 77 LRRM 1931 (1971).
③Kaiser Steel Corp. v. Mullers, 455 US 72, 109 LRRM 2268 (1982)
①Shulman, Reason, Contract, and Law in Labor Relations, 68 HARV. L. REV. 999, 1024 (1955).p.1024
①常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第252-253页。
②[美]艾伦·沃森著,《民法法系的演变及形成》,李静冰、姚新华译,,北京:中国法制出版社2009年版,第30页。
①Harry N. Scheiber Ed. The State and Freedom of Contract, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998, pp.201-203.
②[美]伯纳德·施瓦茨著:《美国法律史》,王军等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社1990年版,第138页。
③参见陈文煊:《劳动法倾斜保护劳动者原则之合理性论证》,载《社会法评论》(第2卷)。
④[日]竹内昭夫等编:《新法律学辞典》,有斐阁(日文版),平成元年,第950页,转引自常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第220页。
①常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第243页
②Edited by Harry N. Scheiber: The State and Freedom of Contract Stanford: Stanford University Press 1998, p.223.
③常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第252页
④所谓团体协约自治,是指工会和雇主团体拥有一个缔结团体协约之自由,而经由这个团体协约对于劳资双方的劳动条件有所规范。参见杨通轩:《集体劳工法——理论与实务》,五南图书出版股份有限公司2007年版,第25页。
⑤黄越钦著:《劳动法新论》,中国政法大学出版社2003年版,第307页。
①[比]罗杰·布兰佩因著:《欧洲劳动法与劳动关系》,台北:“中华民国”劳资关系协进会1999年版,第441页。
②杨通轩著:《集体劳工法——理论与实务》,台北:五南图书出版股份有限公司2007年版,第224-225页。
③Ellen Dannin: Taking Back the Workers’Law: How to Fight the Assault on Labor Right,New York: Cornell University Press, 2006, p.4.
①Taylor E. Dark III:Prospects for Labor Law Reform http://taylordark.com/TDexcerpt.pdf 2011/01/16登录。
②季卫东著:《法律程序的意义》,北京:中国法制出版社2004年版,第17页。
①Taylor E. Dark III:Prospects for Labor Law Reform http://taylordark.com/TDexcerpt.pdf 2011/01/16登录。
②季卫东著:《法律程序的意义》,北京:中国法制出版社2004年版,第17页。
①[日]谷口安平著:“程序公正”,载宋冰:《程序、正义与现代化——外国法学家在华演讲录》,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版,第376页。
②季卫东著:《法律程序的意义》,北京:中国法制出版社2004年版,第25-26页。
③孙笑侠著:《程序的法理》,北京:商务出版社2005年版,第114页。
④Jerry L.Mashaw:Administrative Due Process:the Quest for a Dignitary Theory in Boston University Law Rerew,Vol. 61,1981.
⑤陈瑞华:《程序正义的理论基础——评马修的尊严价值理论》,载《中国法学》,2000年第3期,第150页。
①[日]谷口安平著:“程序公正”,载宋冰:《程序、正义与现代化——外国法学家在华演讲录》,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版,第363页。
③Edited by Roger Blanpain: Decentralizing Industrial Relations and the Role of Labor Unions and Employee Representatives,Netherlands: Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands, 2007, p.109.
④劳动人事部政策研究室编:《外国劳动法选》,北京:劳动人事出版社1983年版,492页。
①孙笑侠著:《程序的法理》,北京:商务出版社2005年版,第107页。
③孙笑侠著:《程序的法理》,北京:商务出版社2005年版,第108页。
①E.博登海默著:《法理学:法律哲学与法律方法》,邓正来译,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版,第219页。
②Neil W. Chamberlin and James W. Kuhn Collective Bargaining New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1986, p.410.
③Neil W. Chamberlin and James W. Kuhn Collective Bargaining New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1986, p.428.
④Neil W. Chamberlin and James W. Kuhn Collective Bargaining New York:McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1986, p.417.
⑤Neil W. Chamberlin and James W. Kuhn Collective Bargaining New York:McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1986, p.409.
①参见第三章第三节美国企业罢工次数及参与人数统计表(1947-1996)
②Merryle Stanley Rukeyster: Collective Bargaining: The Power to Destroy——New and Better Ways to Industrial Peace.New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc. p.159
③程延园著:《集体谈判制度研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社2004年版,第59页。
④Michael R. Carrell and Christina Heavrin: Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practice, and Law: New Jersey : Upper Saddle River, 2001 p.230.
⑤Michael R. Carrell and Christina Heavrin: Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practice, and Law: New Jersey : Upper Saddle River, 2001 p.230.
⑥工会与雇主签订的劳动合同中)规定工资可按一定标准(如生活指数等)作上下调整的条款。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第488页。
①Robert M. Macdonald: Collective Bargaiing in the Postwar Period Industrial and Labor Relations Review Vol. 20, No. 4(Jul. 1967),p. 568.
②Merryle Stanley Rukeyster: Collective Bargaining: The Power to Destroy——New and Better Ways to Industrial Peace .New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc. p.152.
③Merryle Stanley Rukeyster: Collective Bargaining: The Power to Destroy——New and Better Ways to Industrial Peace. .New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc. p.152.
④Edited by James T. Bennett and Bruce E. Kaufman What Do Unions Do: A Twenty-year Perspective? New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, 2007 p.84.
⑤李剑鸣:《美国革命时期民主主概念的演变》,载《历史研究》2007年第1期,第135页。
⑥Susan Orr ,2008,Forming the Union: Representation, Constituencies, and Bargaining Units Western Political Science Association, Annual Meeting ,p.23..
①James A. Gross: A Human Rights Perspective on United States Labor Relations Law Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal 1999.
②Howard Dickman: Industrial Democracy in America: Ideological Origins of National Labor Relations Policy Illinois : Open Court La Salle 1987 pp.257-258.
③指某一团体的多数有权作出约束整个团体的决定的政治原则。它是由实际参与投票的多数决定的原则,不论其是否构成有资格投票的多多数,此系共和制政体的基础。参见薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,法律出版社2003年版,第886页。
④Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney U.S. Labor Relations Law: Historical Development New Jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, 1992, p.223.
①Ruth Weyand: Majority Rule in Collective Bargaining Columbia Law Review, 1945,Vol.45,p.556.
②哈贝马斯著:《在事实与规范之间——关于法律和民主法治国的商谈理论》,童世骏译,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店2003年版,第377页。
③季卫东著:《法律程序的形式性与实质性——以对程序理论的批判和批判理论的程序化为线索》,《北京大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2006年第1期,第114页。
①[英]梅因著:《古代法》,沈景一译,北京:商务印书馆1984年版,第97页。
②郭成伟、王广彬著:《公平良善之法律规制——中国社会保障法制探究》,北京:中国法制出版社2003年版,第3页。
③Alexander Hamilton Frey: The Logic of Collective Bargaining and Arbitration Law and Contemporary Problems Vol. 12, Labor Dispute Settlement (1947)
①劳动人事部劳动科学研究所编:《外国劳动法选》(第3辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1987年版,第635-636页。
②劳动人事部劳动科学研究所编:《外国劳动法选》(第3辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1987年版,第163-164页。
①National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C.§§152)
②史尚宽著:《劳动法原论》,世界书局1934年版,第7页。
②[英]J·S密尔著:《代议制政府》,汪瑄译,北京:商务出版社1982版,第43页。
①吴亚平.《关于基层工会主席直接选举的几个问题》,载《工会理论研究》,2008年,第2期,第22-23页。
②参见王益康:《基层工会主席直接选举:源起、成效与前景》,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004年,第31页。
③国家统计局《1997年度劳动事业发展统计公报》,载《中国劳动》,1998年第7期,第37-39页。
②志灵:《残酷数据戳穿虚假理论》,载《共产党员》2010年,第15期,第32页。
③李晓春,孙双星:《对集体合同制度宣传教育工作的思考》,载《北京劳动》,1998年,第4期,转引自郑桥:《中国劳动关系变迁30年之集体协商和集体合同制度》,载,现代交际》,2009年第2期,第65页。
①[英]F. W.梅特兰:《普通法的诉讼形式》,王云霞、马海峰、彭蕾译,商务印书馆2009年版,第34页。
②(明)刘惟谦等撰:《大明律》卷前之《进明律表》,怀效锋点校,法律出版社1999年版,第3页。
③郑桥:《中国劳动关系变迁30年之集体协商和集体合同制度》,载,《现代交际》,2009年第2期,第68页。
②冯同庆:《被规避、被冷落的劳动合同法及其出路——劳动关系调整中国家行政主导取向之检讨》,载《北京市工会干部学报》,2009年第1期,第40页。
②P.诺内特、P.塞尔兹尼克著:《转变中的法律与社会:迈向回应型法》,张志铭译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2004年版,第89页。
①See Myron Roomkin: A Quantitative Study of Unfair Labor Practice Cases, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Jan., 1981), pp. 245-256
②See Myron Roomkin: A Quantitative Study of Unfair Labor Practice Cases, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Jan., 1981), p. 256.
③史尚宽著:《劳动法原论》,上海:1934年初版,1978年台湾正大印书馆重刊版,第248页。
①常凯:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版,第371页
②郑尚元著:《劳动争议处理程序法的现代化——中国劳动争议处理制度的反思与前瞻》,北京:中国方正出版社2004年版,第124页。
③郑尚元、李海明、扈春梅著:《劳动和社会保障法学》,中国政法大学出版社2008年版,第188页。
④翟玉娟:《论集体谈判和集体协商》,载《当代法学》,2003年第7期,第58页。
①强磊:《论我国劳动法改革中的几个问题》,《中国劳动关系学院学报》,1991年第4期,第47页。
②[清]沈家本撰:《历代刑法考》,《寄簃文存》卷六《重刻明律序》,中华书局1985年版,第2210页。
③Antony Black: Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought from the Tewlfth Century to the Present Methuen & Co. LTD 1984, p.171.
①(法)托克维尔:《论美国的民主》,商务印务馆1997年版,第72页。
1. Patrick Hardin, Edit. In Chief: The Developing Labor Law: the Board, the Courts, and the National Labor Relations Act 3th.Edition. Chicago: American Bar Association Chicago IL, 1992.
2. Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin, J.D. Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining: Cases, Practice and Law New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2001.
3. Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney Labor Relation Law 7th Edition NewJersy: A Simon & Schuster Company EnglewoodCliffs, 1996.
4. Howard Dickman: Industrial Democracy in America: Ideological Origins of National Labor Relations Policy, Illinois: Open Court La Salle, 1987.
5. David Brody: Labor Embattled:History, Power, Rights Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press 2005
6. Ellen Dannin: Taking Back the Worker’s Law: How to Fight the Assault on Labor Rights,New York: Cornell University Press, 2006.
7. Daniel Jacoby: Laboring for Freedom: A New Look at the History of Labor in America New York: M E.Sharpe,Inc. 1998
8. Theodore J. St. Antoine Charles B. Craver MarionG.Crain: Labor Relations Law:Cases and Materials 11th, Edition, Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill Co. 2005.
9. Rebecca E. Zietlow Enforcing Equality: Congress, the Constitution, and the Protection of IndividualRights New York: New York University Press 2006.
10. Edited by WahibNasrallah: Research and Information Guides in Business, Industry and Economic Institutions,New York: A Routledge Series,2002,
11. Robert E.Allen and Timothy J.Keaveny, Contemporary Labor Relations, New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1988.
12. Harry C. Katz, Thomas A. Kochan: An Introduction to Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2004.
13. Neil W. Chamberlain and James W. Kuhn: Collective Bargaining 3th, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986.
14. Richard C. Cortner: The Wagner Act Cases Knoxville:The University of TennesseePress, 1964.
15. Benjamin J. Taylor, Fred Witney U.S. Labor Relations Law: Historical Development New Jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, 1992.
16. Edited by Christopher L. Tomlins and Andrey J. King, Labor Law in America:Historical and Critical Essays Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992.
17. Anthony Woodiwiss:Rights v. Conspiracy:a Sociological Essay on the History of Labour Law in the United States New York: St Martin’s Press, 1990.
18. 18、M. Ali Raza and A.Janell Anderson: Labor Relations and the Law New Jersey : Prentice-Hall, Inc, A Simon and Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, 1996.
19. Edited by Roger Blanpain: Decentralizing Industrial Relations and the Role of Labor Unions and Employee Representatives, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International BV, 2007,
20. Reed C. Richardson: Collective Bargaining by Objective: a Positive Approach 2th. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, Cliffs, 1985.
21. Merryle Stanley Rukeyster: Collective Bargaining: The Power to Destroy——New and Better Ways to Industrial Peace.New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc.1968.
22. Edited by James T. Bennett and Bruce E. Kaufman What Do Unions Do: A Twenty-year Perspective? New Jersey:Transatcion Publishers, New Brunswick, 2007.
23. Antony Black: Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought from the Tewlfth Century to the Present, London: Methuen & Co. LTD 1984.
1. Neil Chamberlain,”The Nature and Scope of Collective Bargaining”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol.58, No.3(May,1944)
2. James Gray Pope: Labor Constitution of Freedom, Yale Law Journal Company, Inc, 1997.
3. Susan Orr Forming the Union: Representation, Constituencies, and Bargaining Units Western Political Science Association, 2008 Annual Meeting.
4. Ellen J. Dannin:Legislative Intent and Impasse Resolution under the National Labor Relations Act: Does Law Matter Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal 1997
5. Julius G. Getman: Labor Arbitration and Dispute Resolution, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 88, No. 5, Dispute Resolution (Apr., 1979),
6. Shulman, Reason, Contract, and Law in Labor Relations, 68 Harv. L. Rev. (1955).
7. Harry N. Scheiber Ed. The State and Freedom of Contract, Stanford University Pressk, 1998.
8. Jerry L.Mashaw:Administrative Due Process:the Quest for a Dignitary Theory in Boston University Law Review,Vol.61.1981.
9. Robert M. Macdonald: Collective Bargaiing in the Postwar Period Industrial and Labor Relations Review Vol. 20, No. 4(Jul. 1967).
10. Ruth Weyand: Majority Rule in Collective Bargaining Columbia Law Review, 1945,Vol.45.
11. Alexander Hamilton Frey: The Logic of Collective Bargaining and Arbitration Law and Contemporary Problems Vol. 12, Labor Dispute Settlenent (1947)
12. Myron Roomkin: A Quantitative Study of Unfair Labor Practice Cases, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Jan., 1981)
1. Adair v. United States, 208 U.S. 161 (1908)
2. A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United Statesnal 295 U.S. 495 (1935).
3. Allgeyer v. Louisiana 165 U. S. 578(1897)
4. American Can Co., 13 NLRB 1252, 4 LRRM 392(1939)
5. American Oil Co., 238 NLRB 294, 99 LRRM 1253 (1978)
6. American Telecommunications Corp., 249 NLRB 1135(1980)
7. Bauer Welding &Metal Fabricators v. NLRB, 758 F2d 308,118 LRRM 3193(CA 8,1985)
8. Carey v. Westinghouse Electric Corp. 375 US 261 LRRM 2042 (1964)
9. Commonwealth v. John Hunt &others 45 Mass. 111 (1842)
10. Collyer Insulate Wire, 192 NLRB 837, 77 LRRM 1931 (1971)
11. Cornell University 183 NLRB 329, 74 LRRM 1269(1970)
12. Coronado Coal Co. v. United Mine Workers, 268 U.S. 295 (1925).
13. Duplex Printing Press Co. v. Deering254 U.S. 274 (1921)
14. Dynamics Corp. of America, Fremont Division, 286 NLRB No. 96 (1987)
15. Ford Motor Co. v. NLRB 441 US 488, 496, 101 LRRM 2222 (1979)
16. General Elec, Co., 58NLRB 57,15 LRRM 33(1944).
17. General Motors Corp. Delco Moraine Div., 237 NLRB 1509 (1978)
18. General Shoe Corp. 77 N.L.R.B. 124 (1948)
19. Hitchman Coal Company v. Mitchell 245 U.S. 229 (1917).
20. Holden v. Hardy 169 U.S. 366 (1898)
21. Hollywood Ceramics Co., 140 NLRB 221, 226 n. 6, 51 LRRM 1600(1962)
22. International Havester Co. 138 NLRB 923, 51 LRRM 1155 (1962)
23. J.I. Case v. NLRB, 321 US 332 ,14 LRRM 501(1944)
24. Joy Silk Mills,Inc. v. NLRB, 185 F2d 732, 741,27 LRRM 2012(CA DC,1950).
25. Kaiser Steel Corp. v. Mullers, 455 US 72, 109 LRRM 2268 (1982)
26. KI(USA)Corporation,309 NLRB 1063(1993)
27. Knoxville Iron Co. v. Harbison, 183 U.S. 13 (1901).
28. Lane v. NLRB, 418 F2d 1208, 72 LRRM 2439 (CADC, 1969)
29. Lochner v.New York 198 U.S. 45 (1905)
30. Loewe v. Lawler 208 U.S. 274 (1908)
31. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.(New York), 56 NLRB 1635,14 Lrrm 187(1944)
32. National Labor Relations Board v.Jones&Laughlin Steel Corporation,301 U.S.1(1937)
33. National Tube Compamy, 76 NLRB 1199(1948)
34. Reed & Prince Mfg. Co., 96 NLRB 850, 28 LRRM 1608 (1951)
35. NLRB v. Borg-Warner Corp., Wooster Division, 356 US 342, 42 LRRM 2034 (1958)
36. NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co., 395 US 575, 71 LRRM 2481(1969)
37. NLRB v Insurance Agents Union, 361 US 477, 495, 45 LRRM 2704 (1960)
38. NLRB v. Katz, 369 US 736, 50 LRRM 2177(1962)
39. NLRB v. Mackay Radio &Telegraph Co. 304 U.S. 333(1938).
40. NLRB v. Strong Roofing & Insulating Co. 393 US 357, 70 Lrrm 2100 (1969).
41. NLRB v. Truitt Manufacturing Co. 351 U. S. 149, 38 LRRM 2024 (1956)
42. NLRB v. United Stated Cold Storage Corp., 203 F2d 924, 32 LRRM 2024 (CA 5, 1953)
43. NVF Company, Hartwell Division, 210 NLRB 131(1957)
44. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company v. NLRB, 313 U.S. 146(1941)
45. Printing Pressmen Local 252,219 NLRB 268, 89 LRRM 1553 (1975)
46. Radiator Specialty Co., 143 NLRB 350, 368 53 LRRM 1319 (1963)
47. Retail Clerks, Local 324, FED Mart Stores, Inc., 261 NLRB 1086 (1982)
48. Ritchie v. people 155 Ill. 98, at 114, 40 N.E. 454, at 459 (1895).
49. Sargent Electric Co., 209 NLRB 630 (1974)
50. Savair Manufacturing Co., 441 U.S. 270(1973)
51. Sewell Manufacturing,138 NLRB 66(1992)
52. Save-On Drugs138 NLRB 1032,51 LRRM 1152(1962)
53. Sertafilm, Atlas Microfilming Div., 267 NLRB 682, 114 LRRM 1120 (1983)
54. Spieberg Mfg. Co., 112 NLRB 1081, 36 LRRM 1152 (1955)
55. Stafford v. Wallace, 258 U.S. 495 (1922)
56. Standard Knitting Mills,Inc., 172 NLRB 1122(1968)
57. State v. Goodwill, 33 W.Va. 179, at 186, 10 S.E. 285, at 287 (1889).
58. State v. Kreutzberg, 114 Wis. 530, at 541, 90 N.W. 1098, at 1102 (1902)
59. St. Louis Ry. Co. v. Paul, 173 U.S. 404 (1899)
60. Street v. Varney Electrical Supply Co., 160 Ind. 338, at 346, 66 N.E. 895, at 898 (1903)
61. Taft Broadcasting Co. 163 NLRB 475, 64 LRRM 1386(1967)
62. Tennessee Auger Co., 169 v. NLRB 914(1968)
63. Textile Workers v. Lincoln Mills, 353 US 448, 485,40 LRRM 2113 (1957)
64. Tesas& N.O.R.R. v. brotherhood of Ry. Clerks. 281 US 548 (1930)
65. United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co., 259 U.S. 344 (1922)
66. National Labor Relations Board v.Jones&Laughlin Steel Corporation,301 U.S.1(1937)
67. United States v. Weirton Steel Co., 10 F. Supp. 55 (D.C..Del.. 1935)
68. United Steelworkers v. American Manufacturing Co. 363 U.S. 564 (1960)
69. United Steelworkers v. Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp. 363 U.S. 593(1960)
70. United Steelworkers v. Warrior and Gulf Navigation Co. 363 U.S. 574 (1960)
71. West Coast Hotel Company v.Parrish,300 U.S.379(1937)
72. Weston &Brooker Co., 154 NLRB 747, 60 LRRM 1015 (1965)
1. [美]威廉·B·古尔德著:《劳工法入门》,焦兴铠译,台北:国立编译馆出版1996年版。
2. [美]道格拉斯·L·莱斯利著:《劳动法概要》,张强、杨晓光、杨锋等译,北京:中国社会科学出版社1997年版。
3. [美]罗伯特·高尔曼著:《劳动法基本教程——劳工联合与集体谈判》,马静、王增森、李妍等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
4. [英]约翰·P·温德姆勒著:《工业化市场经济国家的集体谈判》,何平等译,北京:中国劳动出版社1994年版。
5. [美]丹尼尔·.奎因.·米尔斯著:《劳工关系》,李丽林、李俊霞译,北京:机械工业出版社2001年版。
6. [美]哈里·C·卡茨、托马斯·A.·科钱、亚历山大·J.S.·科尔文著:《集体谈判与产业关系概论》,李丽林,吴清军译,大连:东北财经大学出版社2010年版。
7. [美]E.博登海默著:《法理学:法律哲学与法律方法》,邓正来译,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版。
8. [美]P.诺内特、P.塞尔兹尼克著:《转变中的法律与社会:迈向回应型法》,张志铭译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2004年版。
9. [美]艾伦·沃森著,《民法法系的演变及形成》,李静冰、姚新华译,北京:中国法制出版社2009年版。
10. [美]汉密尔顿、杰伊、麦迪逊著:《联邦党人文集》,程逢如、在汉、舒逊译,北京:商务印书馆2004的版。
11. [美]伯纳德·施瓦茨著:《美国法律史》,王军等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社1990年版。
12. [美]小奥利弗温德尔霍姆斯著:《普通法》,冉昊、姚中秋译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2006年版。
13. [德]哈贝马斯著:《在事实与规范之间——关于法律和民主法治国的商谈理论》,童世骏译,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店2003年版。
14. [法]托克维尔:《论美国的民主》,董果良译,北京:商务印务馆1997年版。
15. [日]棚赖孝雄著:《纠纷的解决和审判制度》,王亚新译,北京:中国政法大学出版社2002年版。
16. [日]谷口安平著:“程序公正”,载宋冰:《程序、正义与现代化——外国法学家在华演讲录》,北京:中国政法大学出版社1998年版。
17. [英]J·S密尔著:《代议制政府》,汪瑄译,北京:商务出版社1982版。
18. [英]梅因著:《古代法》,沈景一译,北京:商务印书馆1984年版。
19.薛波主编:《元照英美法词典》,北京:法律出版社2003版。
20.中国劳动法学研究会编:《劳动法词典》,北京:辽宁人民出版社1987年版。
21.劳动人事部政策研究室编:《外国劳动法选》(第2辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1983年版。
22.劳动人事部劳动科学研究所编:《外国劳动法选》(第3辑),北京:劳动人事出版社1987年版。
23.周剑云著:《美国劳资法律制度研究(1887—1947》,北京:中央编译出版社2009年版。
24.董保华著:《社会法原论》,北京:中国政法大学出版社2001年版。
25.常凯著:《劳权论:当代中国劳动关系的法律调整研究》,北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社2004年版。
26.程延园:《集体谈判制度研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社2004年版。
27.赵红梅:《私法与社会法——第三法域之社会法基本理论范式》,北京:中国政法大学出版社2009年版。
28.季卫东著:《法律程序的意义》,北京:中国法制出版社2004年版。
29.孙笑侠著:《程序的法理》,北京:商务出版社2005年版。
30.杨通轩著:《集体劳工法——理论与实务》,台北:五南图书出版股份有限公司2007年版。
31.黄越钦著:《劳动法新论》,北京:中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
32.史尚宽著:《劳动法原论》,上海:1934年初版,1978年台湾正大印书馆重刊版。
33.刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,余志森主编:《美国通史(第四卷):崛起和扩张的年代1898——1929》,北京:人民出版社2002年版。
34.刘绪贻、杨生茂总主编,刘绪贻、李存训主编:《美国通史(第五卷):富兰克林·D·罗斯福时代1929——1945》,北京:人民出版社2002年版。
35.刘绪贻主编:《战后美国史1945-2000》,北京:人民出版社2008年版。
36.北京大学法学院司法研究中心编:《宪法的精神——美国联邦最高法院200年经典判例选读》,北京:中国方正出版社2003年版。
37.郑尚元著:《劳动争议处理程序法的现代化——中国劳动争议处理制度的反思与前瞻》,北京:中国方正出版社2004年版。
38. 38、郭成伟、王广彬著:《公平良善之法律规制——中国社会保障法制探究》,北京:中国法制出版社2003年版。
39.刘继臣著:《集体合同制度》,北京:中国工人出版社1990年版。
40.强磊、李娥珍著:《当前中国的劳动合同,集体谈判与集体合同》,北京:中国物价出版社1994年版。
41.石美遐编著:《劳动合同·集体合同》,北京:法律出版社1998年版。
42.佘云霞著:《市场经济国家的集体谈判》,北京:中国工人出版社2004年版。
1.董保华著:《论事实上的契约关系——对第三法域的探索》,《南京大学法律评论》,2000年秋季号。
2.季卫东著:《法律程序的形式性与实质性——以对程序理论的批判和批判理论的程序化为线索》,《北京大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)。
3.冯同庆:《被规避、被冷落的劳动合同法及其出路——劳动关系调整中国家行政主导取向之检讨》,载《北京市工会干部学报》,2009年第1期。
4.强磊:《论我国劳动法改革中的几个问题》,《中国劳动关系学院学报》,1991年第4期。
5.郑桥:《中国劳动关系变迁30年之集体协商和集体合同制度》,载《现代交际》,2009年,第2期。
6.吴亚平:《关于基层工会主席直接选举的几个问题》,载《工会理论研究》,2008年,第2期。
7.陈瑞华:《程序正义的理论基础——评马修的尊严价值理论》,载《中国法学》,2000年第3期。
8.李剑鸣:《美国革命时期民主主概念的演变》,载《历史研究》2007年第1期。
9.翟玉娟:《论集体谈判和集体协商》,载《当代法学》,2003年第7期。
10.陈文煊:《劳动法倾斜保护劳动者原则之合理性论证》,载《社会法评论》(第2卷)。
11.姜俊逯:《论集体合同法律制度——集体合同法一般理论及在中国发展趋势研究》,北京大学博士论文,2001年。
12.蔡东丽:《罗斯福新政时期的联邦最高法院:(1933——1939)——从经济自由到公民权利》,华东政法学院博士论文,2007年。
13.王益康:《基层工会主席直接选举:源起、成效与前景》,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
1.美国国家劳资关系委员会官方网:http://www.nlrb.gov
2.中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站:http://www.gov.cn
3.找法网:http://china.findlaw.cn
4.中国网:http://www.china.com.cn
5.全国工会统计系统网站:http://stats.acftu.org
6.南方周末网:http://www.infzm.com
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |