复杂适应信息系统体系结构的研究与应用
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摘要
随着web2.0的兴起及相关应用的快速发展与普及,信息系统不断地由低级到高级、由简单到复杂、由封闭孤立到开放协同地发展,逐渐呈现出网络化、集成化、大型化和复杂化的发展趋势,其应用内容已由简单的业务处理逐渐扩展到不同领域业务的集成,信息系统的组成部分之间的交互也越来越灵活。由此可见,信息系统逐步涌现出了很多复杂适应性的特征。
本文首先分析了信息系统的复杂性,总结出复杂性主要表现在：分析设计复杂性、结构复杂性以及演化复杂性。分析设计复杂性是由于实际业务系统较为复杂,而信息系统需要客观反应并且改造实际业务系统,由此导致了系统分析设计的复杂性。结构复杂性是指复杂系统的组成部分较多,且各个组成部分纵横交错,形成了较为复杂的网络结构。演化的复杂性是指为适应外界环境或系统自身的需求,系统的结构会发生变化等。根据以上三个方面的复杂性,本文从复杂适应系统理论出发,分别提出了相应的解决方法。
为解决信息系统的分析设计复杂性,本文提出基于信息流的分析设计方法。信息系统的本质是信息流实现系统,其目的是映射并改造现实对象系统的活动。传统的信息系统分析方法,基本都是从微观的角度出发,不能在整体上有效的描述现实对象系统。而信息流分析建模法,先从整体上分析设计信息系统,然后通过从整体到局部的信息流分析的迭代,实现宏观和微观的统一。
通过系统的分析设计,可以形成一个复杂信息系统的信息流结构图。然而由于复杂信息系统的功能节点较多,结构较为复杂性,因此需要采取有效的方法降低结构的复杂性。本文在信息流结构图的基础上,对图的层次聚类算法进行改进,形成了复杂信息系统的多层级算法。该算法从图的初始结构开始,在垂直方向上,将节点分层,在水平方向上,把节点聚类,最终形成了一个多层级的功能节点结构,从而降低了系统结构的复杂度,提高了系统的可扩展性。
信息系统是持续演化的,为了延长系统的生命周期,系统结构需要进行适应性调整。信息系统的适应性主要表现在以下三个方面：对外界环境需求的适应性、提高系统性能的适应性以及系统的自适应修复。为了提高信息系统的适应性,本文将Agent与web服务结合,形成了具有自适应能力的Agent服务的结构模型,并且在Agent服务的基础上,对三个方面的适应性问题做了研究。
最后,本文将复杂适应信息系统的体系结构应用于航务海事领域信息化整合平台中,形成了航务海事的应用体系。并且通过整合平台的实际应用说明了该应用体系具有较高的适应性。
With the rise of web 2.0 and rapid development & popularization of related applications, information system has evolved from inferiority to superiority, from simplicity to complexity, and from close isolation to open coordination, the development trend of which gradually manifests the characteristics of networking, integrating, large-scale and complication. The application content has expanded from simple transaction processing to the business integration of different areas and the interaction between different components is increasingly flexible. It can be thus concluded that many complex adaptive features are emerging in information systems.
In this paper, the complexity of information system is analyzed firstly, and its main manifestations include the analysis and design complexity, structural complexity and evolutionary complexity. Analysis and design complexity results from the requirements for information systems to react to and improve practices. Structural complexity means that the complex system has many component parts that are interconnecting. Evolutionary complexity refers to the changes enacted in the system structure in order to adapt to external environment or meet the internal needs of the system. This paper proposes corresponding solutions for the problems in information system complexity on the basis of the theory of Complex Adaptive System.
In order to resolve the analysis and design complexity of information systems, an analysis and design method based on information flow is put forward. The essence of information systems is information flow implementation systems and the aim is to reflect and improve the operations of real object systems. Traditional analysis approaches for information systems, basically from a microcosmic perspective, cannot effectively describe real object systems. This paper makes a holistic analysis and designation of information systems utilizing the modeling method of information flow and realizes the macro and micro integration through the iteration from macro to micro approach.
Through systemmatic analysis and design, a complex information flow structure of information system can form. However, there are lots of function nodes in complex information, and the structure is very complex, so effective ways to reduce the complexity of the structure is urgent. In this paper, a multi-layer algorithm based on figure clustering is proposed on the basis of information flow structure chart and in combination with figure hierarchical clustering algorithms. Starting from the initial structure of the information flow structure chart, this algorithm integrates the node layers vertically and node clusters horizontally to finally forge a multi-layer integral structure of information systems.
The evolutionary complexity of information systems refers to their adaptability, which includes the following three aspects:the adaptability to external demands, to the requirements for improving system qualities and to self-adaptation repair of the systems. In order to improve the adaptability of information systems, we combine Agent and web service to form the structural model of Agent Service which have the adaptive capacity. And then, based on the Agent Service, we research the three aspects of the adaptability problem.
Finally, the architecture of complex adaptive information system is used in the field of Marine Navigational information integration platform, and form the application system of Marine Navigational. The practical application of the integration platform illustrates the application system has a high adaptability.
本文首先分析了信息系统的复杂性,总结出复杂性主要表现在：分析设计复杂性、结构复杂性以及演化复杂性。分析设计复杂性是由于实际业务系统较为复杂,而信息系统需要客观反应并且改造实际业务系统,由此导致了系统分析设计的复杂性。结构复杂性是指复杂系统的组成部分较多,且各个组成部分纵横交错,形成了较为复杂的网络结构。演化的复杂性是指为适应外界环境或系统自身的需求,系统的结构会发生变化等。根据以上三个方面的复杂性,本文从复杂适应系统理论出发,分别提出了相应的解决方法。
为解决信息系统的分析设计复杂性,本文提出基于信息流的分析设计方法。信息系统的本质是信息流实现系统,其目的是映射并改造现实对象系统的活动。传统的信息系统分析方法,基本都是从微观的角度出发,不能在整体上有效的描述现实对象系统。而信息流分析建模法,先从整体上分析设计信息系统,然后通过从整体到局部的信息流分析的迭代,实现宏观和微观的统一。
通过系统的分析设计,可以形成一个复杂信息系统的信息流结构图。然而由于复杂信息系统的功能节点较多,结构较为复杂性,因此需要采取有效的方法降低结构的复杂性。本文在信息流结构图的基础上,对图的层次聚类算法进行改进,形成了复杂信息系统的多层级算法。该算法从图的初始结构开始,在垂直方向上,将节点分层,在水平方向上,把节点聚类,最终形成了一个多层级的功能节点结构,从而降低了系统结构的复杂度,提高了系统的可扩展性。
信息系统是持续演化的,为了延长系统的生命周期,系统结构需要进行适应性调整。信息系统的适应性主要表现在以下三个方面：对外界环境需求的适应性、提高系统性能的适应性以及系统的自适应修复。为了提高信息系统的适应性,本文将Agent与web服务结合,形成了具有自适应能力的Agent服务的结构模型,并且在Agent服务的基础上,对三个方面的适应性问题做了研究。
最后,本文将复杂适应信息系统的体系结构应用于航务海事领域信息化整合平台中,形成了航务海事的应用体系。并且通过整合平台的实际应用说明了该应用体系具有较高的适应性。
With the rise of web 2.0 and rapid development & popularization of related applications, information system has evolved from inferiority to superiority, from simplicity to complexity, and from close isolation to open coordination, the development trend of which gradually manifests the characteristics of networking, integrating, large-scale and complication. The application content has expanded from simple transaction processing to the business integration of different areas and the interaction between different components is increasingly flexible. It can be thus concluded that many complex adaptive features are emerging in information systems.
In this paper, the complexity of information system is analyzed firstly, and its main manifestations include the analysis and design complexity, structural complexity and evolutionary complexity. Analysis and design complexity results from the requirements for information systems to react to and improve practices. Structural complexity means that the complex system has many component parts that are interconnecting. Evolutionary complexity refers to the changes enacted in the system structure in order to adapt to external environment or meet the internal needs of the system. This paper proposes corresponding solutions for the problems in information system complexity on the basis of the theory of Complex Adaptive System.
In order to resolve the analysis and design complexity of information systems, an analysis and design method based on information flow is put forward. The essence of information systems is information flow implementation systems and the aim is to reflect and improve the operations of real object systems. Traditional analysis approaches for information systems, basically from a microcosmic perspective, cannot effectively describe real object systems. This paper makes a holistic analysis and designation of information systems utilizing the modeling method of information flow and realizes the macro and micro integration through the iteration from macro to micro approach.
Through systemmatic analysis and design, a complex information flow structure of information system can form. However, there are lots of function nodes in complex information, and the structure is very complex, so effective ways to reduce the complexity of the structure is urgent. In this paper, a multi-layer algorithm based on figure clustering is proposed on the basis of information flow structure chart and in combination with figure hierarchical clustering algorithms. Starting from the initial structure of the information flow structure chart, this algorithm integrates the node layers vertically and node clusters horizontally to finally forge a multi-layer integral structure of information systems.
The evolutionary complexity of information systems refers to their adaptability, which includes the following three aspects:the adaptability to external demands, to the requirements for improving system qualities and to self-adaptation repair of the systems. In order to improve the adaptability of information systems, we combine Agent and web service to form the structural model of Agent Service which have the adaptive capacity. And then, based on the Agent Service, we research the three aspects of the adaptability problem.
Finally, the architecture of complex adaptive information system is used in the field of Marine Navigational information integration platform, and form the application system of Marine Navigational. The practical application of the integration platform illustrates the application system has a high adaptability.
引文
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