我国企业管理比较研究——现代企业管理模式的建立
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摘要
本文在企业管理研究中运用比较管理学的方法，通过对选取典型企业的比较研究，分析出各企业间由于管理方式等方面的差异性而引起管理模式及行为的不同，从而导致管理结果也不相同。因此，为快速提高我国企业管理效果，本文建立一种全新的企业管理模式，使我国的企业管理及理念步入世界先进之列。主要研究内容和成果如下：
1、我国企业管理现状
通过对我国企业管理现状的回顾与研究，阐述了我国从建国开始至今漫漫五十余年来国有企业的发展、变革与成果。我国国有企业自建国开始主要经历了以下三个阶段：(1)、建国初期企业管理重点是变革企业组织和管理制度；(2)、社会主义建设时期企业开始实行党委领导下的厂长负责制；(3)、新的历史时期企业管理的特点与发展。通过我国企业管理现状的历史回顾，可以看出：自改革开放至今，在坚持公有制的原则下，我国国有企业的比重仍居于主导地位，但由于产权不明，政企不分，面对改革开放的大环境，在缺乏市场竞争机制下，使国有企业经营缺乏效益，呈现年年大幅亏损的窘境。
2、国内典型企业及国外企业比较研究
通过对选取的两个国内典型企业——首钢总公司与青海省铝业有限责任公司及国外企业——英国邮政总局与国内企业的管理比较研究，主要从企业管理的组织结构、对公司的看法、管理模式、管理方式、管理中工作人员调配、管理中工作态度、管理中政府对企业的作用等几方面进行比较研究，最终得出由于各企业间管理方式等方面的差异性而引起管理模式及行为的不同，从而导致管理结果也不相同。
3、比较管理的差异及其背景研究
通过对企业比较管理的差异及其背景研究，找出对企业管理产生影响的主要因素——道德与企业文化，同时根据我国国情寻找出有益于我国现代企业管理的企业文化——儒家思想，并且在我国现代企业管理中得以进一步深化。
4、卜比瞻隧刻究中存在的问题以及卜映效多野队寸沦
通过刘企业管理卜比圃{究，找出我国企业管理物黝哟主要问题主要有以F四个方面二一
是仍l暗绷贻露后:二是伽l咋池班瞥系统幽马:三是伽l噢池勤领导及郊籍阴璞垢;四是
我国个}卜喇责彭凛翔膨励觅郑柳珠d。同时提出解决我匡}仍I瞻理中存在问题的方法，建方我
国企必契群踞试，为迸性城嗒甜侧企州拿野黝碑淀刽甲理断出。
The thesis is applied to the comparative approach in enterprise management, based on selecting the typical enterprise research with the purpose of finding out the different managements among the enterprises, which will obviously give rise to different management patterns and mode along with the different results. The thesis, therefore, attempts to establish the management pattern of a new kind in order to improve the management results in Chinese enterprises as well as make our new ideas of management in harmony with advanced international administration. The research content and results are as follows: 1.The present situation in Chinese enterprise management
The paper has mainly elaborated the development, reform, and achievements in our state-owned enterprises in the past fifty years, by means of retrospecting Chinese enterprise management situation. The Chinese state-owned enterprise enterprises have experienced three following stages since the founding of new China. (1).In the early stage, the great importance was laid on reforming enterprise organization and management system.(2).During the socialism restruction, enterprises began to execute the director-in-charge system under the leadership of Party Committee.(3).In the new period, the management has been restored and developed .By retrospecting the enterprise management in the history of China, we may conclude that the state-owned enterprises have still played the dominant role in economy upon sticking to the public ownership since the opening up and reform. However, the state-owned enterprises are confronted with a difficult situation due to the following reasons: unclarified property right, unseparated g
overnment and enterprises in power as well as the lack of challenging system. All of them directly lead to a deficit in the large scale. 2.Comparative research on typical enterprises and foreign enterprises
Choose two enterprises at home-The Capital Steel General Company and Qinghai Aluminium co. ltd., along with a foreign company-The British Post
Bureau, and try to find differences by comparing them in the respect of organization system, the pointview on the company ,the management pattern, the management mode, the distribution of the staff and the function of the government body. In the end,we are able to make a conclusion that different management ways result in different patterns, conduct and management results.
3.The difference of comparative management research and the background research
The thesis is trying to find out the chief factors that have a great impact on the enterprise management by comparing the enterprise management research with its background research. That is, ethics and enterprise culture are involved in the effect on the enterprise management. Meanwhile, the thesis is finding out the approach that is suitable for Chinese modern enterprise management based on our practical situation. In other words, this enterprise culture is Confuciousism ideology. What's more, the culture is supposed to be further strengthened in modern management. 4.The existing problems and the discussion in the comparative research
The conclusions we have made so far are as follows, which is thought to prevent our enterprises from further developed. The first problem is the backward management idea; the second one is the loose and weak organization organ; the third one is the unwise leadership with its slow policy, while the last but not least is the lack of the system of ripe management and discipline. At the same time, it also raises the solutions to the problems and the advanced modern management system, which obviously will lay the good pavement for the further development of Chinese enterprises.
1、我国企业管理现状
通过对我国企业管理现状的回顾与研究，阐述了我国从建国开始至今漫漫五十余年来国有企业的发展、变革与成果。我国国有企业自建国开始主要经历了以下三个阶段：(1)、建国初期企业管理重点是变革企业组织和管理制度；(2)、社会主义建设时期企业开始实行党委领导下的厂长负责制；(3)、新的历史时期企业管理的特点与发展。通过我国企业管理现状的历史回顾，可以看出：自改革开放至今，在坚持公有制的原则下，我国国有企业的比重仍居于主导地位，但由于产权不明，政企不分，面对改革开放的大环境，在缺乏市场竞争机制下，使国有企业经营缺乏效益，呈现年年大幅亏损的窘境。
2、国内典型企业及国外企业比较研究
通过对选取的两个国内典型企业——首钢总公司与青海省铝业有限责任公司及国外企业——英国邮政总局与国内企业的管理比较研究，主要从企业管理的组织结构、对公司的看法、管理模式、管理方式、管理中工作人员调配、管理中工作态度、管理中政府对企业的作用等几方面进行比较研究，最终得出由于各企业间管理方式等方面的差异性而引起管理模式及行为的不同，从而导致管理结果也不相同。
3、比较管理的差异及其背景研究
通过对企业比较管理的差异及其背景研究，找出对企业管理产生影响的主要因素——道德与企业文化，同时根据我国国情寻找出有益于我国现代企业管理的企业文化——儒家思想，并且在我国现代企业管理中得以进一步深化。
4、卜比瞻隧刻究中存在的问题以及卜映效多野队寸沦
通过刘企业管理卜比圃{究，找出我国企业管理物黝哟主要问题主要有以F四个方面二一
是仍l暗绷贻露后:二是伽l咋池班瞥系统幽马:三是伽l噢池勤领导及郊籍阴璞垢;四是
我国个}卜喇责彭凛翔膨励觅郑柳珠d。同时提出解决我匡}仍I瞻理中存在问题的方法，建方我
国企必契群踞试，为迸性城嗒甜侧企州拿野黝碑淀刽甲理断出。
The thesis is applied to the comparative approach in enterprise management, based on selecting the typical enterprise research with the purpose of finding out the different managements among the enterprises, which will obviously give rise to different management patterns and mode along with the different results. The thesis, therefore, attempts to establish the management pattern of a new kind in order to improve the management results in Chinese enterprises as well as make our new ideas of management in harmony with advanced international administration. The research content and results are as follows: 1.The present situation in Chinese enterprise management
The paper has mainly elaborated the development, reform, and achievements in our state-owned enterprises in the past fifty years, by means of retrospecting Chinese enterprise management situation. The Chinese state-owned enterprise enterprises have experienced three following stages since the founding of new China. (1).In the early stage, the great importance was laid on reforming enterprise organization and management system.(2).During the socialism restruction, enterprises began to execute the director-in-charge system under the leadership of Party Committee.(3).In the new period, the management has been restored and developed .By retrospecting the enterprise management in the history of China, we may conclude that the state-owned enterprises have still played the dominant role in economy upon sticking to the public ownership since the opening up and reform. However, the state-owned enterprises are confronted with a difficult situation due to the following reasons: unclarified property right, unseparated g
overnment and enterprises in power as well as the lack of challenging system. All of them directly lead to a deficit in the large scale. 2.Comparative research on typical enterprises and foreign enterprises
Choose two enterprises at home-The Capital Steel General Company and Qinghai Aluminium co. ltd., along with a foreign company-The British Post
Bureau, and try to find differences by comparing them in the respect of organization system, the pointview on the company ,the management pattern, the management mode, the distribution of the staff and the function of the government body. In the end,we are able to make a conclusion that different management ways result in different patterns, conduct and management results.
3.The difference of comparative management research and the background research
The thesis is trying to find out the chief factors that have a great impact on the enterprise management by comparing the enterprise management research with its background research. That is, ethics and enterprise culture are involved in the effect on the enterprise management. Meanwhile, the thesis is finding out the approach that is suitable for Chinese modern enterprise management based on our practical situation. In other words, this enterprise culture is Confuciousism ideology. What's more, the culture is supposed to be further strengthened in modern management. 4.The existing problems and the discussion in the comparative research
The conclusions we have made so far are as follows, which is thought to prevent our enterprises from further developed. The first problem is the backward management idea; the second one is the loose and weak organization organ; the third one is the unwise leadership with its slow policy, while the last but not least is the lack of the system of ripe management and discipline. At the same time, it also raises the solutions to the problems and the advanced modern management system, which obviously will lay the good pavement for the further development of Chinese enterprises.
引文
[1] 顾宝炎：管理学导论，东方出版社，1998
[2] 王利平：管理学原理，中国人民大学出版社，2000
[3] [美]威廉．大内：Z理论，中国社会科学出版社，1987
[4] 中国企业领导制度的历史文献，经济管理出版社
[5] 光辉的成就，人民出版社
[6] 桑百川／王全火；中国市场经济理论研究，对外经济贸易大学出版社
[7] 新经济时期政策讲话，上海人民出版社，1982
[8] 王风生：中国国有企业改革之探索，社会科学出版社 2002
[9] 中国统计年鉴，1998
[10] 金碚：中英国有企业改革比较，经济管理出版社 1999
[11] 高斯(R.H.cose)：企业的本质，1937
[12] 张五常(香港)：公司的合约的本质，1983
[13] (英)亚当．斯密：国民财富的性质和原因的研究，商务印书馆，1981
[14] (美)H．克雷格．彼得森／(美)W．克里斯，刘易斯：管理经济学，中国人民出版社，2000
[15] (英)亚当．斯密：道德情操论，中国社会科学出版社，2003
[16] (美)道格拉斯．C．诺思：经济史中的结构与变迁，上海三联书店中译本，1991
[17] 阿玛蒂亚．森：伦理学与经济学，牛津，1987
[18] 阿玛蒂亚．森：隔离、确信及社会贴现率，1967
[19] 余英时：韦伯观点与儒家伦理序说，上海人民出版社，1985
[20] 张今声：管理的变革与创新，辽宁大学出版社，10，1997年6月
[21] 朱伟春、陈燕：关于国有企业经营者激励约束机制的思考，中华管理评论，1999年
[22] 中国企业家调查系统，1998年4月
[23] 张斌：国有企业经营行为规范研究，上海经济研究，1998年2月
[24] 中国社会科学经济所国有企业改革课题数据库，转引自刘小玄：中国企业的民营化，
[25] 列宁：哲学笔记，人民出版社，1956年
[26] 哈罗德·孔茨，／海因茨·韦里克，管理学，经济科学出版社1965年
[27] 得鲁克：管理学，中国人民大学工业经济系外国工业管理教研室译校，贵州人民出版社，1982
[28] 徐二明：企业战略管理，中国经济出版社，1998
[29] 魏杰：企业前沿问题——现代企业管理方案，中国发展出版社，2001
[30] 胡建绩／陆雄文／姚继麟：企业经营战略管理，复旦大学出版社，1995
[31] 孙成志／史若玲／刘美玉：管理学，东北财经大学出版社，2001
[32] (美)保罗·穆迪：管理决策方法，中国统计出版社，1989
[33] 张维迎：企业理论与中国企业改革，北京大学出版社，2001年
[34] 小詹姆斯．H．唐纳利／[美]詹姆斯．L．吉布森／约翰．M．伊凡塞维奇：管理学基础 (职能．行为．模型)，中国人民出版社，1981年版
[2] 王利平：管理学原理，中国人民大学出版社，2000
[3] [美]威廉．大内：Z理论，中国社会科学出版社，1987
[4] 中国企业领导制度的历史文献，经济管理出版社
[5] 光辉的成就，人民出版社
[6] 桑百川／王全火；中国市场经济理论研究，对外经济贸易大学出版社
[7] 新经济时期政策讲话，上海人民出版社，1982
[8] 王风生：中国国有企业改革之探索，社会科学出版社 2002
[9] 中国统计年鉴，1998
[10] 金碚：中英国有企业改革比较，经济管理出版社 1999
[11] 高斯(R.H.cose)：企业的本质，1937
[12] 张五常(香港)：公司的合约的本质，1983
[13] (英)亚当．斯密：国民财富的性质和原因的研究，商务印书馆，1981
[14] (美)H．克雷格．彼得森／(美)W．克里斯，刘易斯：管理经济学，中国人民出版社，2000
[15] (英)亚当．斯密：道德情操论，中国社会科学出版社，2003
[16] (美)道格拉斯．C．诺思：经济史中的结构与变迁，上海三联书店中译本，1991
[17] 阿玛蒂亚．森：伦理学与经济学，牛津，1987
[18] 阿玛蒂亚．森：隔离、确信及社会贴现率，1967
[19] 余英时：韦伯观点与儒家伦理序说，上海人民出版社，1985
[20] 张今声：管理的变革与创新，辽宁大学出版社，10，1997年6月
[21] 朱伟春、陈燕：关于国有企业经营者激励约束机制的思考，中华管理评论，1999年
[22] 中国企业家调查系统，1998年4月
[23] 张斌：国有企业经营行为规范研究，上海经济研究，1998年2月
[24] 中国社会科学经济所国有企业改革课题数据库，转引自刘小玄：中国企业的民营化，
[25] 列宁：哲学笔记，人民出版社，1956年
[26] 哈罗德·孔茨，／海因茨·韦里克，管理学，经济科学出版社1965年
[27] 得鲁克：管理学，中国人民大学工业经济系外国工业管理教研室译校，贵州人民出版社，1982
[28] 徐二明：企业战略管理，中国经济出版社，1998
[29] 魏杰：企业前沿问题——现代企业管理方案，中国发展出版社，2001
[30] 胡建绩／陆雄文／姚继麟：企业经营战略管理，复旦大学出版社，1995
[31] 孙成志／史若玲／刘美玉：管理学，东北财经大学出版社，2001
[32] (美)保罗·穆迪：管理决策方法，中国统计出版社，1989
[33] 张维迎：企业理论与中国企业改革，北京大学出版社，2001年
[34] 小詹姆斯．H．唐纳利／[美]詹姆斯．L．吉布森／约翰．M．伊凡塞维奇：管理学基础 (职能．行为．模型)，中国人民出版社，1981年版
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