基于素质模型的大学生创业能力培养分析
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摘要
近年来,由于受到国际金融危机的影响,在加上高等教育的连续扩招,毕业生人数大幅增加,供需矛盾突出,高校毕业生就业形势日益严峻。在这一背景下,大学生自主创业得了社会的广泛关注。就目前的情况来看,我国高校的大学生创业能力培养体系还不尽完善,存在诸多问题。
本文运用文献参考法、行为事件访谈法、问卷调查法探索了创业大学生素质模型的构成要素,通过综合分析法建立了大学生创业能力素质模型,研究结果表明优秀大学生创业能力素质模型由创业意愿、创业品质和创业能力3个模块构成,共涉及19项素质:信息分析、职业生涯设计、兴趣爱好、制度构建、自律、智商、财务管理、职业道德、公关能力、资金获取能力、客户至上、创业意愿、市场开拓、风险控制、吃苦耐劳、身体素质、自信心、组织管理、识人用才。
在构建大学生创业能力素质模型的基础上,本文充分分析目前我国大学创业教育的滞后问题,并以电子科技大学中山学院实际情况为例,对培养大学生的创业能力的必要性、考核体系做了探讨,并重点就如何有效提高大学生创业能力提出对策:组织保障,深化创业培养理念,打造专业化师资队伍,调整人才培养计划,增加创业实践教学等。
Because of the international financial crisis and the continuously-enlarged enrollment of higher education in the recent years, the number of graduators is sharply increased relative to the demand of the enterprise to the graduators,which leads to the more and more severe situation of the employment of university students. In such a way, undergraduates' self-employment draws wide attention of the society. In light of the current situation, there are many problems about the imperfect training system of cultivating the undergraduates’entrepreneurship.
With the literature review, Behavioral Event Interview and survey, this dissertation explores the competency model of undergraduates’entrepreneurship, and then consults the competency model of the undergraduates’entrepreneurship using the synthesis analytic method. The competency model, consisting of aspiration,quality and ability, includes following 19 items: information analysis, career development plan, interests and hobbies, regime construction, self-discipline, intelligence quotient, financial management, professional ethics, PR ability, ability to get the money, customer first, entrepreneurship aspiration, market development, Risk Management, hard work and enduring hardship, physical quality, self-confidence, organizational management, size people up etc.
On the basis of the competency model, this dissertation adequately analyses the lag of the entrepreneurship education. Taking the actual situation of the UESTC.Zhongshan Institute as an example, this dissertation carries on the discussion to the necessity,principle and evaluation system of the cultivating the undergraduates’entrepreneurship and put an emphasis on how to enhance undergraduates' entrepreneurship abilities, such as building organizational structure,deepening the concept of entrepreneurship cultivation, constructing professional teachers, adjusting the project of personnel development, adding the practical entrepreneurship teaching and so on.
本文运用文献参考法、行为事件访谈法、问卷调查法探索了创业大学生素质模型的构成要素,通过综合分析法建立了大学生创业能力素质模型,研究结果表明优秀大学生创业能力素质模型由创业意愿、创业品质和创业能力3个模块构成,共涉及19项素质:信息分析、职业生涯设计、兴趣爱好、制度构建、自律、智商、财务管理、职业道德、公关能力、资金获取能力、客户至上、创业意愿、市场开拓、风险控制、吃苦耐劳、身体素质、自信心、组织管理、识人用才。
在构建大学生创业能力素质模型的基础上,本文充分分析目前我国大学创业教育的滞后问题,并以电子科技大学中山学院实际情况为例,对培养大学生的创业能力的必要性、考核体系做了探讨,并重点就如何有效提高大学生创业能力提出对策:组织保障,深化创业培养理念,打造专业化师资队伍,调整人才培养计划,增加创业实践教学等。
Because of the international financial crisis and the continuously-enlarged enrollment of higher education in the recent years, the number of graduators is sharply increased relative to the demand of the enterprise to the graduators,which leads to the more and more severe situation of the employment of university students. In such a way, undergraduates' self-employment draws wide attention of the society. In light of the current situation, there are many problems about the imperfect training system of cultivating the undergraduates’entrepreneurship.
With the literature review, Behavioral Event Interview and survey, this dissertation explores the competency model of undergraduates’entrepreneurship, and then consults the competency model of the undergraduates’entrepreneurship using the synthesis analytic method. The competency model, consisting of aspiration,quality and ability, includes following 19 items: information analysis, career development plan, interests and hobbies, regime construction, self-discipline, intelligence quotient, financial management, professional ethics, PR ability, ability to get the money, customer first, entrepreneurship aspiration, market development, Risk Management, hard work and enduring hardship, physical quality, self-confidence, organizational management, size people up etc.
On the basis of the competency model, this dissertation adequately analyses the lag of the entrepreneurship education. Taking the actual situation of the UESTC.Zhongshan Institute as an example, this dissertation carries on the discussion to the necessity,principle and evaluation system of the cultivating the undergraduates’entrepreneurship and put an emphasis on how to enhance undergraduates' entrepreneurship abilities, such as building organizational structure,deepening the concept of entrepreneurship cultivation, constructing professional teachers, adjusting the project of personnel development, adding the practical entrepreneurship teaching and so on.
引文
[1]邱卫林,雷芳.高校毕业生自主创业融资困境与金融支持研究.财政监督,2010,06: 17-18
[2]郭庆松.大学生创业的积极意义.新浪网. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-08-31/09059897980s. shtml. 2006
[3]姜澎.大学生自主创业率不到2%.文汇报. http://wenhui.news365.com.cn/jkw/2009/t20090810_ 2423085. htm .2009-08-10
[4]庞勃.中美大学生创业教育比较:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学,2008
[5] Jerome A.Katz. The chronology and intellectual trajectory of American entrepreneurship education 1876-1999 journal of Business Venturing.2003,18:283-300.
[6]桂敏.中国高校创业教育的现状研究与构建模式的思考:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008
[7]王海龙.我国高校创业教育研究: [硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2004
[8]彭剑锋,荆小娟.员工素质模型设计.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003:13-14
[9] Boyatzis RE. Rendering into competence the things that are competent. American Psychologist. 1994, 49:64-66
[10] Woodruff C. Assessment Centers:Identifying and Developing Competence. Long Range Planning, 1997, 1:123-123
[11]朋震.素质模型在企业人力资源管理中的地位及作用.科学管理研究, 2004, 22(4): 90-92
[12]彭剑锋,荆小娟.员工素质模型设计.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003,14-15
[13]胡八一.能力素质模型构建与应用案例精选.广东:广东经济出版社,2007,3-4
[14]聂晶.素质模型在企业人力资源管理中的应用.现代商业,2009, 11:70-71
[15]曾招喜,唐美玉.基于能力素质模型的旅游人力资源开发.硅谷. 2009, 17: 199-200
[16]朋震,孙敏.素质模型在企业人力资源管理中的地位及作用.科学管理研究,2004, 04:91-92
[17]杨晓莹.基于素质模型的企业员工培训研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008
[18]罗伯特·赫里斯,迈克尔·彼得斯著.王玉,王蔷等译.创业学.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[19]阎大伟.试论大学生就业能力的构成和要素.青海社会科学,2007(06):28-30
[20]高耀丽.大学生创业教育的实施与高校管理变革:[硕士学位论文].南昌:江西师范大学,2002
[21]林静.合俊缘何土崩瓦解.东方企业文化,2008(11):72-73
[22]职业道德案例3.百度文库. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/6d503b020740be1e650e9a54. html. 2010-06-20
[23]一白1029.识人用人的经典案例.网易博客. http://2215223.blog.163.com/blog/static/93875876 200810112641354/.2008-11-01
[24]郑晓璐.瑞昌“祥子”美丽创业蹿红广东.济源就业服务网. http://jyjyw.gov.cn/main/newslist/ jyjyw_news_20100121014025.asp. 2010-2-25
[25]大学生创业案例分析.瞧这网. http://www.795.com.cn/wz/84610.html
[26]阮秀梅,陈立明.关于大学生创业教育的探讨.高等农业教育,2001(04):25-26
[2]郭庆松.大学生创业的积极意义.新浪网. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-08-31/09059897980s. shtml. 2006
[3]姜澎.大学生自主创业率不到2%.文汇报. http://wenhui.news365.com.cn/jkw/2009/t20090810_ 2423085. htm .2009-08-10
[4]庞勃.中美大学生创业教育比较:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学,2008
[5] Jerome A.Katz. The chronology and intellectual trajectory of American entrepreneurship education 1876-1999 journal of Business Venturing.2003,18:283-300.
[6]桂敏.中国高校创业教育的现状研究与构建模式的思考:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008
[7]王海龙.我国高校创业教育研究: [硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2004
[8]彭剑锋,荆小娟.员工素质模型设计.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003:13-14
[9] Boyatzis RE. Rendering into competence the things that are competent. American Psychologist. 1994, 49:64-66
[10] Woodruff C. Assessment Centers:Identifying and Developing Competence. Long Range Planning, 1997, 1:123-123
[11]朋震.素质模型在企业人力资源管理中的地位及作用.科学管理研究, 2004, 22(4): 90-92
[12]彭剑锋,荆小娟.员工素质模型设计.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003,14-15
[13]胡八一.能力素质模型构建与应用案例精选.广东:广东经济出版社,2007,3-4
[14]聂晶.素质模型在企业人力资源管理中的应用.现代商业,2009, 11:70-71
[15]曾招喜,唐美玉.基于能力素质模型的旅游人力资源开发.硅谷. 2009, 17: 199-200
[16]朋震,孙敏.素质模型在企业人力资源管理中的地位及作用.科学管理研究,2004, 04:91-92
[17]杨晓莹.基于素质模型的企业员工培训研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008
[18]罗伯特·赫里斯,迈克尔·彼得斯著.王玉,王蔷等译.创业学.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[19]阎大伟.试论大学生就业能力的构成和要素.青海社会科学,2007(06):28-30
[20]高耀丽.大学生创业教育的实施与高校管理变革:[硕士学位论文].南昌:江西师范大学,2002
[21]林静.合俊缘何土崩瓦解.东方企业文化,2008(11):72-73
[22]职业道德案例3.百度文库. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/6d503b020740be1e650e9a54. html. 2010-06-20
[23]一白1029.识人用人的经典案例.网易博客. http://2215223.blog.163.com/blog/static/93875876 200810112641354/.2008-11-01
[24]郑晓璐.瑞昌“祥子”美丽创业蹿红广东.济源就业服务网. http://jyjyw.gov.cn/main/newslist/ jyjyw_news_20100121014025.asp. 2010-2-25
[25]大学生创业案例分析.瞧这网. http://www.795.com.cn/wz/84610.html
[26]阮秀梅,陈立明.关于大学生创业教育的探讨.高等农业教育,2001(04):25-26