基于刚柔耦合捣固车司机室减振特性研究
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摘要
为适应铁路高速、重载及轨道结构重型化的发展,各国铁路部门竞相采用大型养路机械,其中捣固车在铁路新建、大修和维修机械化的整道作业中工作量最大,对线路质量的优劣起着决定性作用。但是随着中国铁路高速发展的要求,捣固车自身的运行速度也在不断提高,由于其主车架构造比较特殊使其主车架刚度较小,当车辆在轨道上高速运行时,轮轨之间的激扰频率增大,导致高频振动的产生,并通过转向架传递给主车架,有可能引起主车架结构的剧烈振动,以往司机室是刚性连接在主车架上的,这样司机室将直接吸收主车架传来的振动,造成司机室振动的加剧,因此有必要考虑主车架弹性振动对捣固车动力学性能的影响,并通过在司机室与主车架之间加入减振装置来衰减并抑制司机室的振动,从而达到减振效果。
本文首先基于有限元和多体动力学理论,利用相应的仿真软件ANSYS和SIMPACK建立考虑捣固车主车架弹性的车辆系统的刚柔耦合动力学模型,对捣固车进行动态响应分析,并在相同条件下计算两种模型的各项动力学指标,对比分析柔性主车架对车辆系统动力学性能的影响。分析结果表明,柔性主车架的振动位移和加速度相比刚性主车架大,且差异主要集中在高频范围,考虑主车架柔性会使车辆的临界速度降低,从而降低车辆的运行稳定性,司机室最大振动加速度及其平稳性指标都大于多刚体车辆系统,且安全性方面的性能指标相应的也增大,说明柔性主车架对捣固车的动力学性能具有一定的影响。
其次建立了带有司机室减振装置的车辆系统动力学模型,通过分析司机室减振装置悬挂参数对车辆运行平稳性的影响,优化选取前后司机室减振装置刚度的理想取值范围。
最后对比分析了有无减振装置对车辆平稳性指标的影响,结果表明,合理选取减振装置参数,能有效改善车辆系统运行各项平稳性指标,提高捣固车司机室的乘坐舒适性。
In order to adapt to the development of high speed, heavy haul and the track structure heavy of the railway, the railway department of all over the world have used large track maintenance machine, in the railway construction, repair and maintenance mechanization of the whole operation, tamping vehicle workload is the largest, and it plays a decisive role in the quality of track. But as for Chinese railway rapid development, the running velocity of tamping vehicle has been improved, with the special structure of carbody so that its stiffness is smaller, when the vehicle on the track with a high-speed, it will increase the excitation frequency between the wheel and rail, which lead to the generation of high frequency vibration, and it will be transferred to the carbody through the bogie, which may cause severe structure vibration of carbody, the cab is rigid connection on the carbody in the past, so the cab will absorb the vibration directly, then worsen the vibration of cab. So it is necessary to research the influence of the carbody elastic vibration on the tamping vehicle dynamic performance, And through the use of vibration damping device between the cab and carbody to attenuate the vibration of the cab so that to achieve damping effect.
This paper bases on finite element analysis method and multibody system dynamics theory. Rigid flexible coupled vehicle system dynamic models were built up by ANSYS and SIMPACK corresponding, and the carbody were considered as flexible bodies in the models, then analyze dynamic response of the tamping vehicle. Setting the two models to be under the same condition, simulate and calculate their dynamic performance indexes to analysis the differences between them owing to the carbody flexibility. The results show that the vibration displacement and acceleration of elastic vehicle larger than the vibration displacement and acceleration of rigid vehicle especially in the high frequency range. It also indicates that the carbody flexibility can lower the vehicle's critical speed and the vehicle's running stability. The maximum acceleration and the vehicle's riding index of cab is larger than the Multi-rigid-body vehicle system, and the vehicle's safety index is also increase. It indicates that the tamping vehicle dynamic performance can be influenced by the carbody flexibility.
Secondly, the vehicle system dynamic model is established with cab's vibration damping device, and then, based on a research of the suspension parameters of the cab's vibration damping device which may be influence on the vehicle riding quality, in order to select the reasonable stiffness of the cab's vibration damping device of ideal value range.
Finally, analysis of the vibration damping device effect on vehicle's riding index. The results show that the reasonable selection of vibration damping device parameters can improve vehicle's riding index effectively and the tamping vehicle cab's ride comfort.
本文首先基于有限元和多体动力学理论,利用相应的仿真软件ANSYS和SIMPACK建立考虑捣固车主车架弹性的车辆系统的刚柔耦合动力学模型,对捣固车进行动态响应分析,并在相同条件下计算两种模型的各项动力学指标,对比分析柔性主车架对车辆系统动力学性能的影响。分析结果表明,柔性主车架的振动位移和加速度相比刚性主车架大,且差异主要集中在高频范围,考虑主车架柔性会使车辆的临界速度降低,从而降低车辆的运行稳定性,司机室最大振动加速度及其平稳性指标都大于多刚体车辆系统,且安全性方面的性能指标相应的也增大,说明柔性主车架对捣固车的动力学性能具有一定的影响。
其次建立了带有司机室减振装置的车辆系统动力学模型,通过分析司机室减振装置悬挂参数对车辆运行平稳性的影响,优化选取前后司机室减振装置刚度的理想取值范围。
最后对比分析了有无减振装置对车辆平稳性指标的影响,结果表明,合理选取减振装置参数,能有效改善车辆系统运行各项平稳性指标,提高捣固车司机室的乘坐舒适性。
In order to adapt to the development of high speed, heavy haul and the track structure heavy of the railway, the railway department of all over the world have used large track maintenance machine, in the railway construction, repair and maintenance mechanization of the whole operation, tamping vehicle workload is the largest, and it plays a decisive role in the quality of track. But as for Chinese railway rapid development, the running velocity of tamping vehicle has been improved, with the special structure of carbody so that its stiffness is smaller, when the vehicle on the track with a high-speed, it will increase the excitation frequency between the wheel and rail, which lead to the generation of high frequency vibration, and it will be transferred to the carbody through the bogie, which may cause severe structure vibration of carbody, the cab is rigid connection on the carbody in the past, so the cab will absorb the vibration directly, then worsen the vibration of cab. So it is necessary to research the influence of the carbody elastic vibration on the tamping vehicle dynamic performance, And through the use of vibration damping device between the cab and carbody to attenuate the vibration of the cab so that to achieve damping effect.
This paper bases on finite element analysis method and multibody system dynamics theory. Rigid flexible coupled vehicle system dynamic models were built up by ANSYS and SIMPACK corresponding, and the carbody were considered as flexible bodies in the models, then analyze dynamic response of the tamping vehicle. Setting the two models to be under the same condition, simulate and calculate their dynamic performance indexes to analysis the differences between them owing to the carbody flexibility. The results show that the vibration displacement and acceleration of elastic vehicle larger than the vibration displacement and acceleration of rigid vehicle especially in the high frequency range. It also indicates that the carbody flexibility can lower the vehicle's critical speed and the vehicle's running stability. The maximum acceleration and the vehicle's riding index of cab is larger than the Multi-rigid-body vehicle system, and the vehicle's safety index is also increase. It indicates that the tamping vehicle dynamic performance can be influenced by the carbody flexibility.
Secondly, the vehicle system dynamic model is established with cab's vibration damping device, and then, based on a research of the suspension parameters of the cab's vibration damping device which may be influence on the vehicle riding quality, in order to select the reasonable stiffness of the cab's vibration damping device of ideal value range.
Finally, analysis of the vibration damping device effect on vehicle's riding index. The results show that the reasonable selection of vibration damping device parameters can improve vehicle's riding index effectively and the tamping vehicle cab's ride comfort.
引文
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[9]G. Dinana, F.Cheli, S.Bruni and A.Collina. Dynamic interaction between rail vehicles and track for high speed train. Vehicle system dynamics supplement.24(1995),15-30
[10]B.M.Eickhoff and A.J.Minnis. A review of modeling methods for railway vehicle suspension components. Vehicle system dynamics supplement.24(1995),469-496
[11]Y.Suzuki and T.Tomioka. Method for flexible vibration damping of rolling stock carbody. QR. Of RTRI.38(1997),123-128
[12]Y.Suzuki and K.Akutsu. Vibration analysis on truck frame of railway vehicle considering flexible rigidity. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part C. V63, n611,1997,2221-2228
[13]Netter.H. New aspects of contact modeling and validation within multibody system simulation of railway vehicle. Vehicle system dynamics(supplement).1998
[14]李世亮,王卫东.考虑车体弹性的铰接式高速车辆模型及响应计算分析.中国铁道科学.1997,18(2)：77～85
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