新型木基复合材料制备与性能研究
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摘要
林业“三剩物”(截伐剩余物、营林剩余物、加工剩余物)资源丰富,“高效利用技术研发”被《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)》列为优先主题。笔者以杨木枝桠材等的粉末为基材,以电解紫铜粉为增强体,通过自主研发的高压模塑成形工艺制备杨木/紫铜粉末新型木基复合材料；借助响应面设计软件(Design Expert).三维立体数码显微镜(3D SSDDM).扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等实验设计与分析手段,优化成形工艺,分析、表征试件的性能与结构。力求在人造板、造纸、生物质能源等应用领域之外开辟新的清洁高效利用途径。论文的主要研究内容、研究方法及得到的相应研究结果如下：
(1)通过研究杨木、松木、毛竹等的加工剩余物粉末的堆密度、颗粒形貌、粒度分布、压缩性和成形性等,筛选制备木基复合材料的基材。结果表明：杨木粉末振实系数最高(达到1.498)、成形性最佳(达到0.89MPa)、利于无胶模塑成形的纤维素、木质素等主要化学成分含量最高(达到79.6%)。因此,将杨木粉末定为木基复合材料制备的基材。
(2)融合金属粉末温压成形与木质材料无胶热压成形原理与技术,采用封闭式刚性模对杨木粉末实行高压模塑成形；结合单因素试验和响应面实验设计与分析法,以杨木粉高压模塑成形材料的静曲强度、吸水率、内结合强度等为评价指标,对木质基复合材料的高压无胶模塑成形工艺参数进行优化。获得的最佳高压模塑成形工艺条件为：成形温度160℃、成形压力70Mpa、保温时间30min。
(3)根据杨木粉末工艺特性研究成果设计杨木粉末滑轴承高压无胶模塑成形模,并对成形阴模和上下模冲进行了强度校核。结果表明,所设计的模具满足成形工艺要求,且试件尺寸稳定性较好
(4)不同混合比例的杨木/紫铜粉末复合材料的性能与结构分析、表征结果表明：
①紫铜粉末的添加对增强木基复合材料的强度有利,但当紫铜粉添加量大于50wt%时,木基复合材料的静曲强度、内结合强度、压溃强度等力学指标的增幅十分有限,甚至出现个别力学性能指标(如表观硬度)呈下降趋势。因而认为当紫铜粉末的添加量达到50wt%时,木基复合材料的综合力学性能最佳
②试件SEM断口形貌表明,高压无胶模塑成形木基复合材料结合界面有胶粘物。正因这种胶粘物润湿并使杨木粉末颗粒间、杨木粉颗粒与铜粉间的界面变得模糊,认为发生了热塑融合,从而使复合材料的材质密实而强韧；铜粉的添加能阻碍裂纹的生长,在木基复合材料中起到了弥散强化作用；但铜粉的添加量过大,会诱发木基复合材料的脆弱连接,对复合材料的综合性能不利。
Three remains and shoddy and little fuelwood of forestry has a rich resources,"High effect utilization technique study" was considered to be the preferential topic by National Guideline on Medium-and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development.
The wood matrix composites preparation forming high-pressure mold forming process, which is consisted of poplar powder as base raw material and electrolytic copper powder as intensifying material. With three-dimensional digital microscopy (3D SSDDM), response surface design software (Design Expert), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other experimental design and analysis methods, screening raw materials optimizing the wood matrix composites forming process, and characterizing the structure of wood matrix composites. Aiming at exploring the new efficient utilization of three remains and shoddy and little fuelwood besides the old application field such as Wood-based Panel, Paper Industry and woody bio-energy. Through the study, the author gets conclusions as followings.
(1) Selecting the raw materials of the wood matrix composites by studying the bulk density,granule morphology,particle size distribution compression and formability of poplar powder,pine powder and bamboo powder.The results show that poplar powder has the hightest shake coefficient,the best processing property,the most beneficial component content for self-bonding mold forming.Therefore,The poplar powder is choose for the base raw material of wood matrix composites.
(2) Combining wood hot-pressing forming and the theory and technology of warm pressure forming. using closed rigid to specimens on high-pressure mold forming; To optimize the process for poplar powder high-pressure mold forming technique,a series of One-factor tests was firstly used respectively to test the forming pressure, forming temperature, and holding time effect.and then on the basis of previous results and with the response surface methodology, optimazing forming process by evaluating the property index, which include static bending strength,internal bond strength,water absorption,etc..the optimal of poplar powder high-pressure mold forming process was show to be:forming pressure of70MPa, forming temperature of160℃and holding time of30min.
(3) According to the characteristics of copper powder and the size variability of poplar powder high-pressure mold forming material,designs A set of high pressure molding forming mold which used for preparing self-lubricating Bearing. Base on the working requirement check the die strength,the results show that, the die meet the requirement of high-pressure mold forming process.
(4) with the help of3D SSDDM, SEM and other modern instrument and means, analysis the difference mix proportion of wood matrix composites' performance and organizational morphology, considering that:
①The copper powder enhance strength of the wood matrix composites effectively,but when the addition is more than50wt%, the mechanical indexs have a limited increasing extent, even appeared to decline.So,the appropriate the copper powder addition is50wt%.
②The SEM analysis shows that the wood matrix composites have adhesive things by high-pressure mold forming process,which can produce wetting effect on poplar powder particles and copper powder particles, and then eliminate micro-gaps,making the composites densification and plasticizing.The copper powder can hinder the growth of crack,producing a effct dispersion strengthening in wood matrix composites,but the over-adding of copper powder introducing too much fragile connection, which goes against the comprehensive performance of materials.
(1)通过研究杨木、松木、毛竹等的加工剩余物粉末的堆密度、颗粒形貌、粒度分布、压缩性和成形性等,筛选制备木基复合材料的基材。结果表明：杨木粉末振实系数最高(达到1.498)、成形性最佳(达到0.89MPa)、利于无胶模塑成形的纤维素、木质素等主要化学成分含量最高(达到79.6%)。因此,将杨木粉末定为木基复合材料制备的基材。
(2)融合金属粉末温压成形与木质材料无胶热压成形原理与技术,采用封闭式刚性模对杨木粉末实行高压模塑成形；结合单因素试验和响应面实验设计与分析法,以杨木粉高压模塑成形材料的静曲强度、吸水率、内结合强度等为评价指标,对木质基复合材料的高压无胶模塑成形工艺参数进行优化。获得的最佳高压模塑成形工艺条件为：成形温度160℃、成形压力70Mpa、保温时间30min。
(3)根据杨木粉末工艺特性研究成果设计杨木粉末滑轴承高压无胶模塑成形模,并对成形阴模和上下模冲进行了强度校核。结果表明,所设计的模具满足成形工艺要求,且试件尺寸稳定性较好
(4)不同混合比例的杨木/紫铜粉末复合材料的性能与结构分析、表征结果表明：
①紫铜粉末的添加对增强木基复合材料的强度有利,但当紫铜粉添加量大于50wt%时,木基复合材料的静曲强度、内结合强度、压溃强度等力学指标的增幅十分有限,甚至出现个别力学性能指标(如表观硬度)呈下降趋势。因而认为当紫铜粉末的添加量达到50wt%时,木基复合材料的综合力学性能最佳
②试件SEM断口形貌表明,高压无胶模塑成形木基复合材料结合界面有胶粘物。正因这种胶粘物润湿并使杨木粉末颗粒间、杨木粉颗粒与铜粉间的界面变得模糊,认为发生了热塑融合,从而使复合材料的材质密实而强韧；铜粉的添加能阻碍裂纹的生长,在木基复合材料中起到了弥散强化作用；但铜粉的添加量过大,会诱发木基复合材料的脆弱连接,对复合材料的综合性能不利。
Three remains and shoddy and little fuelwood of forestry has a rich resources,"High effect utilization technique study" was considered to be the preferential topic by National Guideline on Medium-and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development.
The wood matrix composites preparation forming high-pressure mold forming process, which is consisted of poplar powder as base raw material and electrolytic copper powder as intensifying material. With three-dimensional digital microscopy (3D SSDDM), response surface design software (Design Expert), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other experimental design and analysis methods, screening raw materials optimizing the wood matrix composites forming process, and characterizing the structure of wood matrix composites. Aiming at exploring the new efficient utilization of three remains and shoddy and little fuelwood besides the old application field such as Wood-based Panel, Paper Industry and woody bio-energy. Through the study, the author gets conclusions as followings.
(1) Selecting the raw materials of the wood matrix composites by studying the bulk density,granule morphology,particle size distribution compression and formability of poplar powder,pine powder and bamboo powder.The results show that poplar powder has the hightest shake coefficient,the best processing property,the most beneficial component content for self-bonding mold forming.Therefore,The poplar powder is choose for the base raw material of wood matrix composites.
(2) Combining wood hot-pressing forming and the theory and technology of warm pressure forming. using closed rigid to specimens on high-pressure mold forming; To optimize the process for poplar powder high-pressure mold forming technique,a series of One-factor tests was firstly used respectively to test the forming pressure, forming temperature, and holding time effect.and then on the basis of previous results and with the response surface methodology, optimazing forming process by evaluating the property index, which include static bending strength,internal bond strength,water absorption,etc..the optimal of poplar powder high-pressure mold forming process was show to be:forming pressure of70MPa, forming temperature of160℃and holding time of30min.
(3) According to the characteristics of copper powder and the size variability of poplar powder high-pressure mold forming material,designs A set of high pressure molding forming mold which used for preparing self-lubricating Bearing. Base on the working requirement check the die strength,the results show that, the die meet the requirement of high-pressure mold forming process.
(4) with the help of3D SSDDM, SEM and other modern instrument and means, analysis the difference mix proportion of wood matrix composites' performance and organizational morphology, considering that:
①The copper powder enhance strength of the wood matrix composites effectively,but when the addition is more than50wt%, the mechanical indexs have a limited increasing extent, even appeared to decline.So,the appropriate the copper powder addition is50wt%.
②The SEM analysis shows that the wood matrix composites have adhesive things by high-pressure mold forming process,which can produce wetting effect on poplar powder particles and copper powder particles, and then eliminate micro-gaps,making the composites densification and plasticizing.The copper powder can hinder the growth of crack,producing a effct dispersion strengthening in wood matrix composites,but the over-adding of copper powder introducing too much fragile connection, which goes against the comprehensive performance of materials.
引文
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