磁异常共轭解释研究
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摘要
危机矿山、矿山深边部攻深找盲等找矿命题,对矿产目标的空间定位提出了更高的要求。为此,本文在湖南省瑶岗仙钨矿接替资源危机矿山找矿基金项目、云南省马厂箐—宾川小龙潭铜钼金矿整装勘查地质勘查基金项目、广东省宝山--坪顶铅锌多金属矿区物探综合研究企业资助项目等项目资助下,进行了磁异常共轭解释法研究,建立了共轭解释方法体系,具有重要的理论和实际意义。
磁异常解释是将磁异常转换为地质认知的关键环节,也是磁法勘探研究的热点和难点,以往的研究主要从数理模型出发,而以异常特征为出发点的反演方法少见,但对因磁化方向差异而影响异常解释的“异向问题”在现实中普遍存在,尚未见相关成果,是磁异常解释问题中的空白领域。
磁异常共轭解释技术是基于磁异常特征并结合多种解释方法的创新性磁异常解释方法,它有相对独立、完整的方法体系,本文对该方法的理论基础和解释方法体系进行了较为系统的研究,并对典型地质体和地质构造进行了模型研究,最后结合实际磁法勘探的生产,阐述了利用共轭解释实现复杂磁异常解释的技术,并介绍了钻孔验证结果。
本论文研究的创新性主要体现在以下方面：
(1)对Grant F. S.在1965年发表的薄板磁异常正演公式进行了研究,修正了公式中角度处理上的问题,并提出了修正式,通过设定不同参数、不同地理环境,对修正式进行了反复验算,结果表明修正后的薄板公式可以作为薄板磁异常计算公式。
(2)根据磁异常“加法”原理,以薄板体磁异常正演公式为基础,按特定规则推导任意形体磁异常正演公式,为复杂形体磁异常正演计算提供了新的途径,从而避开了复杂的积分与矩阵运算,提出了具有统一基础模型,演化成了一系列贴近地质构造形体的数学模型。同时也适应于非均匀磁化、剩磁问题等。
(3)单一或叠加地质体模型的任意剖面、同一剖面下不同磁化方向及不同走向的磁性体叠加等情况下的磁异常解释问题称为“异向问题”,在已有磁异常反演方法中还未见相关成果,本文提出的偏位解释方法,通过引入剖面偏角、剖面位移等概念,提出偏位定律,成功实现了“异向问题”求解,填补了磁异常反演领域中“异向问题”空白。
(4)开展了磁异常“变深聚焦”研究,提出了变深聚焦定律,利用聚焦步长解释异常能分别对不同深度的磁性体实现聚焦,获得同等解释精度的聚焦解释结果。为大尺度深度空间内实现高精度解释提供了理论基础；
(5)建立了磁异常共轭三角形的图形变换函数与共轭比值函数,提出了磁异常图形变换理论。为磁异常的图形域解释提供了理论基础。鉴于共轭三角形浓缩了磁异常的整体信息,共轭元及其函数简化了异常与磁性体参量之间的关系,从而使磁异常分段求解成为可能,为避免磁异常反演期间复杂线性方程组求解、复杂矩阵的运算及简化解释过程创造了条件。
(6)研究了变换图形技术,即采用规律性变化模型参数而改变共轭三角形,渐次搜索并无限逼近共轭点目标,通过携带反演模型参数的相似共轭元实现模型参数的分步求解,它是共轭解释的关键技术,与等比换算、平面校正等共同组成共轭解释的基本过程,是完全不同于已有解释方法的新的磁异常反演方法。划定阶段分别求取不同模型体参数的过程,实际是复杂函数的分段求解过程,是共轭解释相对于常规解释的重要优势所在。由于解释过程融入了磁异常剖面特征和平面特征,因而解释结果具有更高的可靠性。
(7)针对复杂地形环境下磁异常,提出了差分曲化平解释方法,为起伏地形条件下磁异常的解释建立了独立的方法理论,也为磁异常曲化平处理提供了全新的思路。针对典型复杂磁性体及磁异常,提出了相应的解释方法,如变磁解释、侧伏解释、厚板解释、趋势解释、梯度解释等,为共轭解释处理常见复杂磁异常提供具体的方法,也为其它复杂磁异常处理提供了思路。
(8)论文还对共轭解释中磁场调平、睦邻分解、共轭校准等关键技术进行了研究,为共轭解释结果更加符合地质实际提供了技术支撑。
Such prospecting propositions as crisis mines, deep side of mines, searching for deep deposit and undetected mines proposes much higher requirement for spatialization of mineral target. Therefore, under the subsidization of resource crisis mine prospecting fund project replaced by Yaogangxian tungsten deposit of Hunan province, Machangjing-Xiaolongtan Cu-Mo ore of Yunnan province overall geological exploration fund project and Baoshan-Pingding Lead-Zinc polymetallic ore zone of Guangdong province geophysical exploration comprehensive research enterprise funded project, this thesis conducts the study of interpretation method with conjugate element of magnetic anomaly and completes the conjugate element interpretation method system, which is provided with significant meaning both in theory and practice.
The interpretation on magnetic anomaly is the key link which transforms the magnetic anomaly as the geological cognition, which also is the hotspot and difficult point on study for magnetic exploration. The past studies mainly start from mathematical model, and the inversion method which takes its starting point as anomaly characteristics is rare, however, there is prevalent presence of "incongruous problem" which influences anomaly interpretation due to difference in magnetization direction in reality and relevant achievements cannot be seen yet, which is a blank field in interpretation problem of magnetic anomaly.
The conjugate element interpretation on magnetic anomaly is an innovative interpretation method of magnetic anomaly combined with many interpretation methods and based on magnetic anomaly characteristics, it is provided with a relatively independent and complete method system. This thesis has conducted rather systematic research for method systems of theoretical basis, basic principle and interpretation of this method and has also carried out the model study for typical geological body and geological structure, and finally, in combination with production of practical magnetic detection, the thesis elaborates the technology of realizing the complex magnetic anomaly interpretation by making use of conjugate element interpretation and introduces the verification results of drill hole.
The innovativeness of study in the thesis is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) The thesis studies the thin plate magnetic anomaly forward formula which is published in1965by Grant F.S., revises problems in treatment of angle in the formula, comes up with corrected formula (Formula2-1) and performs the repeated check computations for the corrected formula via setting different parameters and different geographic environments. And the results show that the corrected thin plate formula can be used as thin plate magnetic anomaly computational formula.
(2) According to "Addition" principle of magnetic anomaly, the magnetic anomaly forward formula for arbitrary body will be deduced according to the specific rules and based on thin plate magnetic anomaly forward formula (formula2-1) to provide the new way for magnetic anomaly forward formula of complex body, so as to avoid the complex integration and matrix operation and puts forward a series of mathematical model with unified foundational model, which is close to geological structure body. These relatively simple forward formulas are also applicable to such problems as nonuniform magnetization and remanence.
(3) The interpretation problem for magnetic anomaly under circumstances of magnetic superposition from different magnetization directions and different trends on an arbitrary profile or on the same profile of single or superposed geologic body model is called "Incongruous Problem". Relevant achievements have not been seen yet in the existing inversion methods for magnetic anomaly; the thesis puts forward interpretation method for dyssymmetry, and further proposes dyssymmetry discipline through introducing the concepts of profile declination, profile displacement, which realizes the solving of "incongruous problem" successfully to fill the blank of "incongruous problem" in magnetic anomaly inversion field.
(4) The thesis comes up with and develops study of "Deepened Focus" for magnetic anomaly, and puts forward Deepened Focus discipline, realizes the focus separately for magnetic in different depths by utilizing interpretation anomaly of step length of focusing, to acquire the focus interpretation results of the same interpretation precision; and the focus interpretation results provide the theoretical foundation for achieving the interpretation with high precision in deep space with large scale;
(5) This thesis establishes the graphics transformation function and conjugate ratio function for magnetic anomaly conjugate triangles and propose the magnetic anomaly graphics transformation theory. This lays the theoretical foundation for interpretation of graphic domain of magnetic anomaly. Considering that the conjugate triangle has concentrated integral information of magnetic anomaly and conjugate element as well as its function has simplified relation between anomaly and parameters of magnetic, so that it is possible for solving in subsections of magnetic anomaly and also creates the conditions for avoidance of solution for complex linear simultaneous equations during inversion of magnetic anomaly, complex matrix operation and simplified interpretation process as well as accurate solution.
(6) This thesis studies the graphics transformation technique, namely it is to change the conjugate triangle by applying the law variable model parameter, gradually searching and limitlessly approaching the conjugate point to realize the subsection solution of model parameter through carrying the similar conjugate element of inversion model parameter, which is the key technology of conjugate interpretation. It constitutes basic process of conjugate interpretation together with equal ratio conversion and Planar Rectification, and is a new inversion method for magnetic anomaly which is totally different from the existing interpretation methods. In fact, the process of obtaining parameters for different models separately on the divided stages is the solving process in subsections for complicated function, which is an important advantage of conjugate interpretation relative to normal interpretation. Because of integration of profile features and plane features of magnetic anomaly in the interpretation process, the interpretation results possess a higher reliability.
(7) Aiming at magnetic anomaly under complicated topographical environment, the thesis proposes the difference curve to plane interpretation method for magnetic anomaly, which has built independent method and theory for interpretation of magnetic anomaly under accidented relief and also provided a brand new thinking for curve to plane treatment of magnetic anomaly. For typical complex magnetic and magnetic anomaly, it puts forward the corresponding interpretation methods, such as variable magnetism interpretation, lateral trending interpretation, thick plate interpretation, trend interpretation and gradient interpretation. On one hand, proposals of these methods provide the specific methods for conjugate interpretation in handling the common complicated magnetic anomaly, on the other hand, they offer thinking for conjugate interpretation in further treatment of other complicated magnetic anomaly.
(8)The article also discussed some skills for the perfect conjugate interpretation. such as magnetic field leveling, good-neighborly decomposition, conjugate Rectification, etc, It provides technical support that conjugate interpretation result came close the production more actual.
磁异常解释是将磁异常转换为地质认知的关键环节,也是磁法勘探研究的热点和难点,以往的研究主要从数理模型出发,而以异常特征为出发点的反演方法少见,但对因磁化方向差异而影响异常解释的“异向问题”在现实中普遍存在,尚未见相关成果,是磁异常解释问题中的空白领域。
磁异常共轭解释技术是基于磁异常特征并结合多种解释方法的创新性磁异常解释方法,它有相对独立、完整的方法体系,本文对该方法的理论基础和解释方法体系进行了较为系统的研究,并对典型地质体和地质构造进行了模型研究,最后结合实际磁法勘探的生产,阐述了利用共轭解释实现复杂磁异常解释的技术,并介绍了钻孔验证结果。
本论文研究的创新性主要体现在以下方面：
(1)对Grant F. S.在1965年发表的薄板磁异常正演公式进行了研究,修正了公式中角度处理上的问题,并提出了修正式,通过设定不同参数、不同地理环境,对修正式进行了反复验算,结果表明修正后的薄板公式可以作为薄板磁异常计算公式。
(2)根据磁异常“加法”原理,以薄板体磁异常正演公式为基础,按特定规则推导任意形体磁异常正演公式,为复杂形体磁异常正演计算提供了新的途径,从而避开了复杂的积分与矩阵运算,提出了具有统一基础模型,演化成了一系列贴近地质构造形体的数学模型。同时也适应于非均匀磁化、剩磁问题等。
(3)单一或叠加地质体模型的任意剖面、同一剖面下不同磁化方向及不同走向的磁性体叠加等情况下的磁异常解释问题称为“异向问题”,在已有磁异常反演方法中还未见相关成果,本文提出的偏位解释方法,通过引入剖面偏角、剖面位移等概念,提出偏位定律,成功实现了“异向问题”求解,填补了磁异常反演领域中“异向问题”空白。
(4)开展了磁异常“变深聚焦”研究,提出了变深聚焦定律,利用聚焦步长解释异常能分别对不同深度的磁性体实现聚焦,获得同等解释精度的聚焦解释结果。为大尺度深度空间内实现高精度解释提供了理论基础；
(5)建立了磁异常共轭三角形的图形变换函数与共轭比值函数,提出了磁异常图形变换理论。为磁异常的图形域解释提供了理论基础。鉴于共轭三角形浓缩了磁异常的整体信息,共轭元及其函数简化了异常与磁性体参量之间的关系,从而使磁异常分段求解成为可能,为避免磁异常反演期间复杂线性方程组求解、复杂矩阵的运算及简化解释过程创造了条件。
(6)研究了变换图形技术,即采用规律性变化模型参数而改变共轭三角形,渐次搜索并无限逼近共轭点目标,通过携带反演模型参数的相似共轭元实现模型参数的分步求解,它是共轭解释的关键技术,与等比换算、平面校正等共同组成共轭解释的基本过程,是完全不同于已有解释方法的新的磁异常反演方法。划定阶段分别求取不同模型体参数的过程,实际是复杂函数的分段求解过程,是共轭解释相对于常规解释的重要优势所在。由于解释过程融入了磁异常剖面特征和平面特征,因而解释结果具有更高的可靠性。
(7)针对复杂地形环境下磁异常,提出了差分曲化平解释方法,为起伏地形条件下磁异常的解释建立了独立的方法理论,也为磁异常曲化平处理提供了全新的思路。针对典型复杂磁性体及磁异常,提出了相应的解释方法,如变磁解释、侧伏解释、厚板解释、趋势解释、梯度解释等,为共轭解释处理常见复杂磁异常提供具体的方法,也为其它复杂磁异常处理提供了思路。
(8)论文还对共轭解释中磁场调平、睦邻分解、共轭校准等关键技术进行了研究,为共轭解释结果更加符合地质实际提供了技术支撑。
Such prospecting propositions as crisis mines, deep side of mines, searching for deep deposit and undetected mines proposes much higher requirement for spatialization of mineral target. Therefore, under the subsidization of resource crisis mine prospecting fund project replaced by Yaogangxian tungsten deposit of Hunan province, Machangjing-Xiaolongtan Cu-Mo ore of Yunnan province overall geological exploration fund project and Baoshan-Pingding Lead-Zinc polymetallic ore zone of Guangdong province geophysical exploration comprehensive research enterprise funded project, this thesis conducts the study of interpretation method with conjugate element of magnetic anomaly and completes the conjugate element interpretation method system, which is provided with significant meaning both in theory and practice.
The interpretation on magnetic anomaly is the key link which transforms the magnetic anomaly as the geological cognition, which also is the hotspot and difficult point on study for magnetic exploration. The past studies mainly start from mathematical model, and the inversion method which takes its starting point as anomaly characteristics is rare, however, there is prevalent presence of "incongruous problem" which influences anomaly interpretation due to difference in magnetization direction in reality and relevant achievements cannot be seen yet, which is a blank field in interpretation problem of magnetic anomaly.
The conjugate element interpretation on magnetic anomaly is an innovative interpretation method of magnetic anomaly combined with many interpretation methods and based on magnetic anomaly characteristics, it is provided with a relatively independent and complete method system. This thesis has conducted rather systematic research for method systems of theoretical basis, basic principle and interpretation of this method and has also carried out the model study for typical geological body and geological structure, and finally, in combination with production of practical magnetic detection, the thesis elaborates the technology of realizing the complex magnetic anomaly interpretation by making use of conjugate element interpretation and introduces the verification results of drill hole.
The innovativeness of study in the thesis is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) The thesis studies the thin plate magnetic anomaly forward formula which is published in1965by Grant F.S., revises problems in treatment of angle in the formula, comes up with corrected formula (Formula2-1) and performs the repeated check computations for the corrected formula via setting different parameters and different geographic environments. And the results show that the corrected thin plate formula can be used as thin plate magnetic anomaly computational formula.
(2) According to "Addition" principle of magnetic anomaly, the magnetic anomaly forward formula for arbitrary body will be deduced according to the specific rules and based on thin plate magnetic anomaly forward formula (formula2-1) to provide the new way for magnetic anomaly forward formula of complex body, so as to avoid the complex integration and matrix operation and puts forward a series of mathematical model with unified foundational model, which is close to geological structure body. These relatively simple forward formulas are also applicable to such problems as nonuniform magnetization and remanence.
(3) The interpretation problem for magnetic anomaly under circumstances of magnetic superposition from different magnetization directions and different trends on an arbitrary profile or on the same profile of single or superposed geologic body model is called "Incongruous Problem". Relevant achievements have not been seen yet in the existing inversion methods for magnetic anomaly; the thesis puts forward interpretation method for dyssymmetry, and further proposes dyssymmetry discipline through introducing the concepts of profile declination, profile displacement, which realizes the solving of "incongruous problem" successfully to fill the blank of "incongruous problem" in magnetic anomaly inversion field.
(4) The thesis comes up with and develops study of "Deepened Focus" for magnetic anomaly, and puts forward Deepened Focus discipline, realizes the focus separately for magnetic in different depths by utilizing interpretation anomaly of step length of focusing, to acquire the focus interpretation results of the same interpretation precision; and the focus interpretation results provide the theoretical foundation for achieving the interpretation with high precision in deep space with large scale;
(5) This thesis establishes the graphics transformation function and conjugate ratio function for magnetic anomaly conjugate triangles and propose the magnetic anomaly graphics transformation theory. This lays the theoretical foundation for interpretation of graphic domain of magnetic anomaly. Considering that the conjugate triangle has concentrated integral information of magnetic anomaly and conjugate element as well as its function has simplified relation between anomaly and parameters of magnetic, so that it is possible for solving in subsections of magnetic anomaly and also creates the conditions for avoidance of solution for complex linear simultaneous equations during inversion of magnetic anomaly, complex matrix operation and simplified interpretation process as well as accurate solution.
(6) This thesis studies the graphics transformation technique, namely it is to change the conjugate triangle by applying the law variable model parameter, gradually searching and limitlessly approaching the conjugate point to realize the subsection solution of model parameter through carrying the similar conjugate element of inversion model parameter, which is the key technology of conjugate interpretation. It constitutes basic process of conjugate interpretation together with equal ratio conversion and Planar Rectification, and is a new inversion method for magnetic anomaly which is totally different from the existing interpretation methods. In fact, the process of obtaining parameters for different models separately on the divided stages is the solving process in subsections for complicated function, which is an important advantage of conjugate interpretation relative to normal interpretation. Because of integration of profile features and plane features of magnetic anomaly in the interpretation process, the interpretation results possess a higher reliability.
(7) Aiming at magnetic anomaly under complicated topographical environment, the thesis proposes the difference curve to plane interpretation method for magnetic anomaly, which has built independent method and theory for interpretation of magnetic anomaly under accidented relief and also provided a brand new thinking for curve to plane treatment of magnetic anomaly. For typical complex magnetic and magnetic anomaly, it puts forward the corresponding interpretation methods, such as variable magnetism interpretation, lateral trending interpretation, thick plate interpretation, trend interpretation and gradient interpretation. On one hand, proposals of these methods provide the specific methods for conjugate interpretation in handling the common complicated magnetic anomaly, on the other hand, they offer thinking for conjugate interpretation in further treatment of other complicated magnetic anomaly.
(8)The article also discussed some skills for the perfect conjugate interpretation. such as magnetic field leveling, good-neighborly decomposition, conjugate Rectification, etc, It provides technical support that conjugate interpretation result came close the production more actual.
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