从《天使与魔鬼》的科学传播影响透视科学形象重塑
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摘要
近年来,学界对于科学传播的研究,多侧重于“传播什么”以及“怎样传播”的层面上,而针对“如何有效传播”的研究则相对薄弱。对科学形象的研究也仅停留在一种单一的固定形象上面,即“科学代表真理”。科学的发展是迅速的,科学传播的速度始终滞后于科学的发展速度,这种局面的出现,直接导致了公众认识以及参与科学过程的滞后。同时,随着各种环境问题、社会问题日渐凸显,各种伪科学、伪学术大行其道,公众对科学的真理形象产生了质疑。而怎样避免公众对科学形象产生质疑?抑或是科学形象的塑造是否应该朝着多元化发展?这都无疑成为当前科学传播领域所要面临的新课题。
本文借助《天使与魔鬼》一书对科学与宗教间关系的重新审视,从而尝试对科学形象进行重塑,主要依据其两个方面的特点:第一,该书是将科学、宗教、艺术、历史、符号学等不同领域的知识融合在一起的科普类小说。第二,该书对于重塑科学形象有许多可借鉴之处,其中所引申出的要义有两个层面。一是其所透视出的对重塑科学形象的启示:即在科学已知与未知领域之间,科学家的宗教信仰对科学产生着影响;宗教对科学产生影响的程度,只是间接的和有限的;科学不等于真理,科学具有针对性、有限性,并且或多或少地打上了科学家信仰的烙印。二是其所具有的科学传播意义:即在书中所引用的科学前沿问题和科学事实,不仅增强了科学传播的效果,也使科学传播更加严谨;而作者所运用的通俗易懂的写作手法,同时也实现了科学传播与公众真正意义上的互动。
本文认为,目前阶段,要想深入研究科学传播,科学与宗教的关系问题是不可避免要提及的。因此,以上观点,对于科学传播中“如何有效传播”的研究以及科学形象多元化的塑造能够起到积极地推动性作用,并且对于科学传播的实践工作也提供了可借鉴的补充。
In recent years, most academic studies on science communication focus on the“what to communicate”and“how to communicate”, while paying less attention to“how to communicate effectively”. The researches on the science image just stay in a fixed level, which is“science represents the truth.”
The development of science is rapid; however, the development of science communication always falls behind that of science, which directly leads to the delay of the public’s awareness and participation in the science. Meanwhile, with the increasing appearance of environmental and social problems and the popularity of all kinds of pseudo-science and pseudo-academy, the public begins to question the truth image of science. How to avoid the public’s questioning on the science image? Or should the image shaping be diversified? All these will undoubtedly become the new issue in the field of science communication.
This paper tries to reshape the science image based on the reconsideration of the relationship between science and religion from the book of Angels & Demon, and is mainly based on the two following features. First, this book is a science fiction which integrates the knowledge in the field of science, religion, art, history, semiotics etc. Second, this paper can be used for reference on reshaping the image of science and its significance is twofolded. One is its enlightenment for the reshaping of science image, that is, the religions and beliefs of the scientists will affect science in the already known or unknown field, while the influence is indirect and limited. Science doesn’t equal to truth for it has its pertinence and finity, and is more or less marked with the faith of scientists. And the other is its significance on science communication, this is, the frontier issues of science and the facts cited in this book, not only increase the effect of science communication, but also make this communication more precise. And the user- friendly writing style also realizes the true meaning of interaction between the public and science communication.
This paper argues that at present the relationship between science and religion will be inevitably mentioned if we want to have an in-depth study of science communication. Therefore, the viewpoints mentioned above play a positive role in the research of“how to communicate effectively”of science communication and the shaping of a diversified science image, meanwhile it provides some reference and supplement in the practice of science communication.
本文借助《天使与魔鬼》一书对科学与宗教间关系的重新审视,从而尝试对科学形象进行重塑,主要依据其两个方面的特点:第一,该书是将科学、宗教、艺术、历史、符号学等不同领域的知识融合在一起的科普类小说。第二,该书对于重塑科学形象有许多可借鉴之处,其中所引申出的要义有两个层面。一是其所透视出的对重塑科学形象的启示:即在科学已知与未知领域之间,科学家的宗教信仰对科学产生着影响;宗教对科学产生影响的程度,只是间接的和有限的;科学不等于真理,科学具有针对性、有限性,并且或多或少地打上了科学家信仰的烙印。二是其所具有的科学传播意义:即在书中所引用的科学前沿问题和科学事实,不仅增强了科学传播的效果,也使科学传播更加严谨;而作者所运用的通俗易懂的写作手法,同时也实现了科学传播与公众真正意义上的互动。
本文认为,目前阶段,要想深入研究科学传播,科学与宗教的关系问题是不可避免要提及的。因此,以上观点,对于科学传播中“如何有效传播”的研究以及科学形象多元化的塑造能够起到积极地推动性作用,并且对于科学传播的实践工作也提供了可借鉴的补充。
In recent years, most academic studies on science communication focus on the“what to communicate”and“how to communicate”, while paying less attention to“how to communicate effectively”. The researches on the science image just stay in a fixed level, which is“science represents the truth.”
The development of science is rapid; however, the development of science communication always falls behind that of science, which directly leads to the delay of the public’s awareness and participation in the science. Meanwhile, with the increasing appearance of environmental and social problems and the popularity of all kinds of pseudo-science and pseudo-academy, the public begins to question the truth image of science. How to avoid the public’s questioning on the science image? Or should the image shaping be diversified? All these will undoubtedly become the new issue in the field of science communication.
This paper tries to reshape the science image based on the reconsideration of the relationship between science and religion from the book of Angels & Demon, and is mainly based on the two following features. First, this book is a science fiction which integrates the knowledge in the field of science, religion, art, history, semiotics etc. Second, this paper can be used for reference on reshaping the image of science and its significance is twofolded. One is its enlightenment for the reshaping of science image, that is, the religions and beliefs of the scientists will affect science in the already known or unknown field, while the influence is indirect and limited. Science doesn’t equal to truth for it has its pertinence and finity, and is more or less marked with the faith of scientists. And the other is its significance on science communication, this is, the frontier issues of science and the facts cited in this book, not only increase the effect of science communication, but also make this communication more precise. And the user- friendly writing style also realizes the true meaning of interaction between the public and science communication.
This paper argues that at present the relationship between science and religion will be inevitably mentioned if we want to have an in-depth study of science communication. Therefore, the viewpoints mentioned above play a positive role in the research of“how to communicate effectively”of science communication and the shaping of a diversified science image, meanwhile it provides some reference and supplement in the practice of science communication.
引文
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[17]中国公众对科学技术的理解和态度.科普论坛. 2006[2006-12-06] .http://www.kepu.gov.cn/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=5&id=1459&move=pre.
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[20]什么是公众理解科学? .科普之窗-理解科学. 2007[2007-04-19] .http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/25509/56813/63493/63494/4369015.html.
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[23] (英)约翰? H?布鲁克.科学与宗教[M] .苏贤贵,译.上海:复旦大学出版社,2000.2:导论.
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