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城市车辆监控调度管理系统的研究
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摘要
近年来,智能交通成为解决日益严重的交通紧张情况的有效途径,车辆监控调度作为智能交通的重要组成部分,是目前国内ITS的开发应用热点之一。
     本文所设计的城市车辆监控调度管理系统由车载单元、无线通讯链路和监控中心组成。该系统综合了全球卫星定位系统(GPS)、全球移动通讯系统(GSM)、地理信息系统(GIS)、图论、计算机网络技术于一体,可实现电子地图显示、车辆实时监控、车辆报警处理、车辆最短路径选择等功能,能有效的实现对车辆的远程监控和管理,对保障车辆的安全有重要作用;通过选择最短路径可以提高车辆的运营效率、缓解交通拥挤和阻塞。
     在城市车辆监控调度管理系统中,通讯链路的建立、数据信息的传输是比较重要的部分。本系统采用GSM网络短消息通讯技术来实现数据的传输,解决了这一问题,而且无需占用大量的资金建立通讯网络。此外,使用GSM短消息通讯,费用较低,是适合车辆监控的一条有效途经。
     本文分析了GPS技术、GSM技术、GIS技术、图论以及这些技术在国内外的发展和应用基础上,详细讨论了城市车辆监控调度管理系统的总体设计、组成结构与软件设计和实现的全过程。实现了车辆的实时监控管理、短消息的收发、车辆报警处理和最短路线选择等功能。
     城市车辆监控调度管理系统的成功应用,将有效的实现车辆的远程监控及保障车辆运行的安全,增强处理突发事件的能力;对降低车辆的空载率,提高车辆的运营效益,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。
In recent years ,ITS(Intelligent Transportation System) has been the effective way to deal with the traffic problem .As the important part of ITS ,urban vehicle monitoring and dispatch management system is one of the focuses in research and application in ITS.
    Urban vehicle monitoring and dispatch management system designed in this paper is made up of the vehicle unit ,wireless communication system and controlling center. This system integrated the GPS(Global Position System), GIS(Geographic Information System), GSM(Global System for Mobile),Graph Theory, the technology of computer network and so on. It has the function of displaying electronic map and vehicle real-time monitoring, vehicle alarm processing, the optimization of the shortest path and so on . It can monitor and manage the vehicles remotly effectively which is important for the vehicle keeping the security; it can also improve the vehicle running benefits, alleviate the traffic hustle and jam through the shortest path optimization.
    The establishment of communication link and the transmission of data information is the important part in urban vehicle monitoring and dispatch management system,. This system adopts the technique of SMS(Short Message Service) in GSM, which not only resolves this problem effectively ,but also has no needs to spend a large quantity of funds to establish the communication network. In addition, The SMS's cost is low, it's a effective way for vehicle monitoring system.
    This paper analyzed GPS, GSM, GIS, Graph Theory and their development and application in civil and abroad. The design, structure and the development of the system's software are also discussed. It realizes the functions of the vehicle real-time monitoring, sending and receiving SMS information, the process of alarm, the optimization of shortest path and so on.
    The successful application of the urban vehicle monitoring and dispatch management system will realize the remote vehicle monitoring and protect the vehicle security, and strengthen the ability of handling accidents. It can effectively lower the vehicle's empty carrying rate, and improve the operational benefit of the vehicle, and has remarkable social benefit and economic benefit.
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