山羊真胃左方变位复制及其对机体的影响
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摘要
本试验共包括两部分。一是山羊真胃左方变位动物模型的研制。二是利用动物模型观测真胃左方不同位置变位对机体相关理化指标的影响。试验一:利用15只未孕健康奶山羊随机分为3组(5只/组),分别进行真胃左方髋关节水平线处移位、固定手术。术前60min、30min分别肌注阿托品,剂量0.5mg/Kg。Ⅰ组羊术前不饥饿,Ⅱ组羊术前饥饿48h后施行真胃变位手术,Ⅲ组羊术前也饥饿48h,但在施行真胃左方移位手术前向真胃内充气,使真胃过度臌胀30min。结果表明,术后第7天、15天、20天、30天,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组羊均未出现真胃变位的临床症状,第30天剖腹探查时见真胃空虚,仅有少量食糜,无臌气、积液和胃弛缓现象。但Ⅲ组羊在术后第7天即出现典型的临床症状,左侧腹壁叩诊—听诊有钢管音,剖腹探查见真胃明显积气、积液,胃弛缓。
试验二:在试验一的基础上,利用15只未孕健康奶山羊,随机分为3组(5只/组),实验羊均实施真胃内过度充气处理和真胃、瘤胃插管术。Ⅰ组羊为对照,真胃固定于右侧腹壁,Ⅱ组羊真胃移位至左侧腹底壁,Ⅲ组羊真胃移位至左侧髋关节水平线处。在术前、术后连续每天定时观测瘤胃液、真胃液和血液相关理化指标的变化,术中、术后第18天手术取真胃壁样品进行胃壁病理组织学观察。结果表明,真胃变位羊瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)出现明显改变,乙酸与丙酸比例升高,且变位至髋关节水平线处的羊比变位至腹底部组升高得明显(p<0.05),腹底部变位组与对照组无显著差异。变位羊瘤胃液pH值出现降低趋势,但差异不显著(p>0.05);胃泌素的分泌明显减少(p<0.05)。血清钾、钠、氯的含量下降(p<0.05)。在变位后第18天,胃组织切片中未见到明显的病理变化。
由实验结果得知,利用健康奶山羊制作真胃左方变位动物模型时,若仅采用通过手术将真胃强行牵引至左侧腹腔的方法,不易建立典型的真胃变位动物模型。在移位前采取使真胃弛缓的措施,是这次制作真胃变位动物模型获得成功的关键。试验结果也提示,真胃变位临床病例的发生机理是各种原因导致了真胃弛缓,而不是简单的机械压迫。在真胃轻度变位如腹底部变位,出现明显临床症状之前,瘤胃液VFA、血清胃泌素和电解质已出现明显变化。临床上,可以依据这些变化对真胃变位及时作出诊治。
The experiment includes two parts. In part 1, the goat models of left abomasal displacement (LAD) were established. In part 2, the established models were used to determine the effects of LAD on physicochemical parameters in goats.
Part 1: 15 healthy unpregnant goats were randomly divided into three groups ( 5 goats/group), and were established the models of LAD by operation, abomasum moved to left abdominal cavity and fixed at the horizontal line of the hip joint. Atropine (0.5mg/Kg.BW) was injected twice times at 60min and 30min before operation. In groupⅠ, the experiment goats were not starved, but starved for 48h in groupⅡbefore operation. In groupⅢ, the goats were also hungered in 48h,while their abomasums were heavily filled with air for 30 min before abomasums were displaced to the left abdominal cavity. The results showed that there were no clinical symptoms of LAD in groupⅠand groupⅡin 7 days, 15 days, 20 days, and 30 days after the operation. As making exploratory laparotomy on the 30th day, it showed that abomasums were almost empty, with little chymes, but no hydrops, pneumatosis, or gastroatonia. But in groupⅢ, there were the characteristic‘ping’sounds as early as 7 days after the operation while taking auscultation and percussion on the left abdominal wall in goats, and abomasums were obvious hydrops, pneumatosis, and gastroatonia during making exploratory laparotomy.
Part 2:15 healthy unpregnant goats were randomly divided into three groups (5 goats/group), all of them were operated on abomasums filled with air for 30 min, and then intubated T type tubes into the abomasums and rumens for collecting gastric juice. The abomasums were fixed on the right abdominal wall in groupⅠ( as the control group), on the bottom of left abdominal cavity in groupⅡ, and on the left abdominal wall at the horizontal line of the hip joint in groupⅢ, respectively. Abomasal and ruminal gastric juice as well as blood parameters were daily measured before and after operation. Histopathological changes in samples from the abomasal wall were observed during and on the 18th day after operation. The results showed that volatile fatty acid (VFA) in the rumen of goats with LAD were significantly changed. Ratio of acetic acid and propanoic acid increased, which was higher in groupⅢthan groupⅡ(p<0.05), and there was no significant deviation between groupⅠand groupⅡ. The pH values were decreased in ruminal gastric juice, but not significantly. The secretion of gastrin were obviously decreased , and the content of serum sodium , serum potassium , serum chlorinum decreased significantly in groupⅡand/or groupⅢ. There were obviously decreased in calcium and magnesium in serum in groupⅡor groupⅢ(p<0.05), compared with groupⅠ. On 18th day after the displacement of abomasums, there were no obvious histopathological changes in sections under light microscope.
From the experiment results, a typical animal model of LAD in healthy goats could not be successfully established only with pulling abomasums to left abdominal cavity by force. The key point of the success of establishing the animal models was the abomasal relaxation induced by the method of heavily filling abomasums with air. The experimental results suggested that the mechanism of LAD from clinical patients might not be due to a simple mechanical pressure on the abomasums, but be related to various factors inducing gastroatonia. During the first stage of moderate abomasal displacement, such as the abomasal displacement on the bottom of the left abdominal cavity, there were significant changes of the VFA in rumen, gastrin or electrolytes in serum, even before the appearance of the first clinical symptom, which were very helpful in an early diagnose and timely treatment of LAD.
试验二:在试验一的基础上,利用15只未孕健康奶山羊,随机分为3组(5只/组),实验羊均实施真胃内过度充气处理和真胃、瘤胃插管术。Ⅰ组羊为对照,真胃固定于右侧腹壁,Ⅱ组羊真胃移位至左侧腹底壁,Ⅲ组羊真胃移位至左侧髋关节水平线处。在术前、术后连续每天定时观测瘤胃液、真胃液和血液相关理化指标的变化,术中、术后第18天手术取真胃壁样品进行胃壁病理组织学观察。结果表明,真胃变位羊瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)出现明显改变,乙酸与丙酸比例升高,且变位至髋关节水平线处的羊比变位至腹底部组升高得明显(p<0.05),腹底部变位组与对照组无显著差异。变位羊瘤胃液pH值出现降低趋势,但差异不显著(p>0.05);胃泌素的分泌明显减少(p<0.05)。血清钾、钠、氯的含量下降(p<0.05)。在变位后第18天,胃组织切片中未见到明显的病理变化。
由实验结果得知,利用健康奶山羊制作真胃左方变位动物模型时,若仅采用通过手术将真胃强行牵引至左侧腹腔的方法,不易建立典型的真胃变位动物模型。在移位前采取使真胃弛缓的措施,是这次制作真胃变位动物模型获得成功的关键。试验结果也提示,真胃变位临床病例的发生机理是各种原因导致了真胃弛缓,而不是简单的机械压迫。在真胃轻度变位如腹底部变位,出现明显临床症状之前,瘤胃液VFA、血清胃泌素和电解质已出现明显变化。临床上,可以依据这些变化对真胃变位及时作出诊治。
The experiment includes two parts. In part 1, the goat models of left abomasal displacement (LAD) were established. In part 2, the established models were used to determine the effects of LAD on physicochemical parameters in goats.
Part 1: 15 healthy unpregnant goats were randomly divided into three groups ( 5 goats/group), and were established the models of LAD by operation, abomasum moved to left abdominal cavity and fixed at the horizontal line of the hip joint. Atropine (0.5mg/Kg.BW) was injected twice times at 60min and 30min before operation. In groupⅠ, the experiment goats were not starved, but starved for 48h in groupⅡbefore operation. In groupⅢ, the goats were also hungered in 48h,while their abomasums were heavily filled with air for 30 min before abomasums were displaced to the left abdominal cavity. The results showed that there were no clinical symptoms of LAD in groupⅠand groupⅡin 7 days, 15 days, 20 days, and 30 days after the operation. As making exploratory laparotomy on the 30th day, it showed that abomasums were almost empty, with little chymes, but no hydrops, pneumatosis, or gastroatonia. But in groupⅢ, there were the characteristic‘ping’sounds as early as 7 days after the operation while taking auscultation and percussion on the left abdominal wall in goats, and abomasums were obvious hydrops, pneumatosis, and gastroatonia during making exploratory laparotomy.
Part 2:15 healthy unpregnant goats were randomly divided into three groups (5 goats/group), all of them were operated on abomasums filled with air for 30 min, and then intubated T type tubes into the abomasums and rumens for collecting gastric juice. The abomasums were fixed on the right abdominal wall in groupⅠ( as the control group), on the bottom of left abdominal cavity in groupⅡ, and on the left abdominal wall at the horizontal line of the hip joint in groupⅢ, respectively. Abomasal and ruminal gastric juice as well as blood parameters were daily measured before and after operation. Histopathological changes in samples from the abomasal wall were observed during and on the 18th day after operation. The results showed that volatile fatty acid (VFA) in the rumen of goats with LAD were significantly changed. Ratio of acetic acid and propanoic acid increased, which was higher in groupⅢthan groupⅡ(p<0.05), and there was no significant deviation between groupⅠand groupⅡ. The pH values were decreased in ruminal gastric juice, but not significantly. The secretion of gastrin were obviously decreased , and the content of serum sodium , serum potassium , serum chlorinum decreased significantly in groupⅡand/or groupⅢ. There were obviously decreased in calcium and magnesium in serum in groupⅡor groupⅢ(p<0.05), compared with groupⅠ. On 18th day after the displacement of abomasums, there were no obvious histopathological changes in sections under light microscope.
From the experiment results, a typical animal model of LAD in healthy goats could not be successfully established only with pulling abomasums to left abdominal cavity by force. The key point of the success of establishing the animal models was the abomasal relaxation induced by the method of heavily filling abomasums with air. The experimental results suggested that the mechanism of LAD from clinical patients might not be due to a simple mechanical pressure on the abomasums, but be related to various factors inducing gastroatonia. During the first stage of moderate abomasal displacement, such as the abomasal displacement on the bottom of the left abdominal cavity, there were significant changes of the VFA in rumen, gastrin or electrolytes in serum, even before the appearance of the first clinical symptom, which were very helpful in an early diagnose and timely treatment of LAD.
引文
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