西藏革吉县尕尔穷铜金矿矿床地球化学特征
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摘要
尕尓穷铜金矿位于班公湖-怒江成矿带西段,南侧为冈底斯-拉萨-腾冲陆块中的昂龙岗日岩浆弧,北侧为羌塘-三江复合板块,地处狮泉河晚燕山期构造带与冈底斯-念青唐古拉板片两大构造单元的交汇处。伴随着新特提斯构造演化,构造岩浆活动异常发育,成矿条件有利。研究区地层属于碳酸盐岩与火山凝灰岩互层的白垩系则弄群多爱组,岩浆岩为燕山晚期中酸性侵入岩,构造以断裂构造为主。主矿体位于石英闪长岩与碳酸盐岩的接触带上,呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出。有用元素为铜和金,伴生组分为银。矿石主要为浸染状、稀疏浸染状、细脉浸染状,矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿、斑铜矿、自然金。
矿区与成矿有关的岩浆岩为石英闪长岩和花岗斑岩,两类岩石均富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素;但花岗斑岩更亏损Sr、Ti元素。石英闪长岩具有活动大陆边缘岛弧环境的主量、微量、稀土元素特征;花岗斑岩具有碰撞环境下的主量、微量、稀土元素特征。石英闪长岩具有壳幔混合的同位素特征,花岗斑岩具有壳源的同位素特征。
根据矽卡岩中主量元素的特征,将其为内矽卡岩和外矽卡岩。内矽卡岩中SiO_2、Al_2O_3、K_2O、Na_2O含量偏高,铜、钼含量较高,具有负铕异常,轻稀土元素富集内部分异较明显,重稀土元素亏损且分异不明显。外矽卡岩中Fe_2O_3、CaO含量偏高,铜、金含量较高,具有负铕异常,轻稀土元素亏损分异较明显,重稀土富集分异不明显。同位素特征表明,矽卡岩中的碳、氧主要来源于围岩,部分来源于岩浆作用。
结合尕尔穷铜金矿的区域地质特征、矿体地质特征、矿床地球化学,认为尕尔穷铜金矿形成于燕山晚期。主要有两期矿化,早期为112Ma左右活动大陆边缘环境下的偏中性的岩浆侵位于多爱组碳酸盐岩中,在接触带形成以铜、金为主的矿化;晚期为87.66Ma左右产出于碰撞环境下的花岗质岩浆侵位于多爱组碳酸盐岩和早期的闪长岩中,在接触带形成以钼为主的矿化,同时对早期成矿物质起到了进一步富集。矿区有利的围岩条件、构造条件和两期岩浆活动最终造就了尕尔穷铜金矿的形成。
Gaerqiong Copper-gold deposit is located in the west of bangong-nujiang metallogenic belt,which on the south Anglonggangri magmatic arc of Gangdese-lasa plate and on the north qiangtang-sanjiang plate,Which is located locates in the intersection of the Shiquanhe Late-Yanshan Junction Zone and Gangdese Niainqentangula plate. With meso-Tethys evolution, mineral-formation condition very favorable with tectonic movement and magmatic activity. What the deposite diggings are carbonatite and pyroclasticrock which belongs to Duoai Formation of Zelong Group, Cretaceous system. Magmatic rocks for late yanshan period intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks.Constructed to fracture primarily, folding structures not development. The Main orebody in quartz diorite and and carbonate contact take, outputing as bedded vein near-bedded and lensing. Useful elements for copper and gold, silver and molybdenum potential economic value.The deposit consists of pepper and salt structure ore and veinlet disseminated ore,mainly of for chalcopyrite , bornite and free gold.
Can be divided into the magmatite dioritoid and granite classes, two types of rocks are enrichment Rb, Ba, Th, U etc large-ion lithophile element, losses Nb ,Ta, Zr, Hf etc high field strength elements; But the granitoids are more losses Sr, Ti elements. Dioritoid have active continental margin of trace, rare earth element characteristic; Granite have collision orogens, trace, rare earth element characteristic. Dioritoid have isotopic element of crust-mantle system, Granite have isotopic element of crust system.
According to the elements within its for difference, endoskarn and exoskarn. Endoskarn have more SiO_2, Al_2O_3, K_2O, Na_2O, Copper-molybdenum;With less Eu, light rare-earth element enrichment internal differentiation is more apparent, heavy rare-earth losses and differentiation of rare earth elements is not clear. Exoskarn have more Fe_2O_3, CaO,Copper-gold,With less Eu, light rare earth elements is obvious, heavy losses differentiation is not clear. Isotopic element shows that the skarn carbon and oxygen the main comre from the surrounding rock, the less come from magmatism.
Combined with the Gaerqiong poor-copper ore regional geological characteristics, the geological characteristics, geochemistry, think Gaerqiong deposits formed in late yanshan period. Mineralization activities there are two major periods, about 112Ma early for active margin of trace dioritoid intrusive carbonate with formation mainly with copper, gold mineralization; About 87.66 Ma late for the collision environment output granitoids are invading carbonate, early flash in contact dioritoid with form the mineralization mainly molybdenum in early ore-forming materials, and played the role of further enrichment. Mining area surrounding conditions favorable, structure condition and two periods magmatic activity eventually contributed to the formation of Gaerqiong copper-gold deposit.
矿区与成矿有关的岩浆岩为石英闪长岩和花岗斑岩,两类岩石均富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素;但花岗斑岩更亏损Sr、Ti元素。石英闪长岩具有活动大陆边缘岛弧环境的主量、微量、稀土元素特征;花岗斑岩具有碰撞环境下的主量、微量、稀土元素特征。石英闪长岩具有壳幔混合的同位素特征,花岗斑岩具有壳源的同位素特征。
根据矽卡岩中主量元素的特征,将其为内矽卡岩和外矽卡岩。内矽卡岩中SiO_2、Al_2O_3、K_2O、Na_2O含量偏高,铜、钼含量较高,具有负铕异常,轻稀土元素富集内部分异较明显,重稀土元素亏损且分异不明显。外矽卡岩中Fe_2O_3、CaO含量偏高,铜、金含量较高,具有负铕异常,轻稀土元素亏损分异较明显,重稀土富集分异不明显。同位素特征表明,矽卡岩中的碳、氧主要来源于围岩,部分来源于岩浆作用。
结合尕尔穷铜金矿的区域地质特征、矿体地质特征、矿床地球化学,认为尕尔穷铜金矿形成于燕山晚期。主要有两期矿化,早期为112Ma左右活动大陆边缘环境下的偏中性的岩浆侵位于多爱组碳酸盐岩中,在接触带形成以铜、金为主的矿化;晚期为87.66Ma左右产出于碰撞环境下的花岗质岩浆侵位于多爱组碳酸盐岩和早期的闪长岩中,在接触带形成以钼为主的矿化,同时对早期成矿物质起到了进一步富集。矿区有利的围岩条件、构造条件和两期岩浆活动最终造就了尕尔穷铜金矿的形成。
Gaerqiong Copper-gold deposit is located in the west of bangong-nujiang metallogenic belt,which on the south Anglonggangri magmatic arc of Gangdese-lasa plate and on the north qiangtang-sanjiang plate,Which is located locates in the intersection of the Shiquanhe Late-Yanshan Junction Zone and Gangdese Niainqentangula plate. With meso-Tethys evolution, mineral-formation condition very favorable with tectonic movement and magmatic activity. What the deposite diggings are carbonatite and pyroclasticrock which belongs to Duoai Formation of Zelong Group, Cretaceous system. Magmatic rocks for late yanshan period intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks.Constructed to fracture primarily, folding structures not development. The Main orebody in quartz diorite and and carbonate contact take, outputing as bedded vein near-bedded and lensing. Useful elements for copper and gold, silver and molybdenum potential economic value.The deposit consists of pepper and salt structure ore and veinlet disseminated ore,mainly of for chalcopyrite , bornite and free gold.
Can be divided into the magmatite dioritoid and granite classes, two types of rocks are enrichment Rb, Ba, Th, U etc large-ion lithophile element, losses Nb ,Ta, Zr, Hf etc high field strength elements; But the granitoids are more losses Sr, Ti elements. Dioritoid have active continental margin of trace, rare earth element characteristic; Granite have collision orogens, trace, rare earth element characteristic. Dioritoid have isotopic element of crust-mantle system, Granite have isotopic element of crust system.
According to the elements within its for difference, endoskarn and exoskarn. Endoskarn have more SiO_2, Al_2O_3, K_2O, Na_2O, Copper-molybdenum;With less Eu, light rare-earth element enrichment internal differentiation is more apparent, heavy rare-earth losses and differentiation of rare earth elements is not clear. Exoskarn have more Fe_2O_3, CaO,Copper-gold,With less Eu, light rare earth elements is obvious, heavy losses differentiation is not clear. Isotopic element shows that the skarn carbon and oxygen the main comre from the surrounding rock, the less come from magmatism.
Combined with the Gaerqiong poor-copper ore regional geological characteristics, the geological characteristics, geochemistry, think Gaerqiong deposits formed in late yanshan period. Mineralization activities there are two major periods, about 112Ma early for active margin of trace dioritoid intrusive carbonate with formation mainly with copper, gold mineralization; About 87.66 Ma late for the collision environment output granitoids are invading carbonate, early flash in contact dioritoid with form the mineralization mainly molybdenum in early ore-forming materials, and played the role of further enrichment. Mining area surrounding conditions favorable, structure condition and two periods magmatic activity eventually contributed to the formation of Gaerqiong copper-gold deposit.
引文
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