垃圾填埋气产生过程与产气量预测模型的研究
摘要
填埋法是现阶段我国垃圾处理的主要方式，垃圾填埋所产生的填埋气是一种以甲烷和二氧化碳为主要成分混合气体，会对环境和人体健康造成很大的影响，同时它又是种可回收利用的能源，因此必须对填埋气进行利用，但是得首先研究清楚填埋气的产量和产气速率。
填埋气的产生受到很多因素的影响，虽然国外出现了一些垃圾填埋气的产气模型，但是由于我国垃圾特点和国外的有较大的差异，不能照搬使用，而国内的研究成果还不能满足实际的需要，因此必须建立起适合我国自身垃圾特点的产气模型，来为填埋气的回收利用服务。
本文在分析研究国内外有关垃圾填埋气产气模型和影响垃圾厌氧降解产气的因素基础上，从动力学角度来分析垃圾厌氧降解产气的实质，得出甲烷和二氧化碳的产气速率表达式；并通过实验室的现场实验，得到了垃圾产气量和产气速率的数据，建立了适合我国垃圾自身特点的产气模型。其主要的工作和结论如下：
①通过实验对比了温度控制和添加污水厂厌氧污泥这两个因素对填埋气产生的影响，得到：
a）当温度范围在20℃~40℃之间时，升高温度不仅能增加填埋气的总量，还能够增加其产气速率。
b）添加厌氧消化污泥不仅能够明显增加填埋气体的总量和产气速率，还能够大大增加其气体中甲烷的含量。
c）当垃圾自身的含水率达到或接近饱和时，在垃圾自身产生的渗滤液后再进行回灌，它虽然对渗滤液本身具有一定的处理作用，但是对产气量和产气速率却没有太大影响。
②提出我国垃圾实际产气量的计算公式。
③在实验数据的基础上，建立起了垃圾填埋气模型，并对实测值和本模型的预测值以及Scholl Canyon模型预测值进行了对比，结果表明建立的模型是合理可靠的，最后利用此模型计算出了重庆市某填埋场的产气速率和产气量。
Landfill, the predominant method of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment nowadays, will emit landfill gas (LFG) to environment, which are mainly made up of methane and carbon dioxide and will be great harmful to environment and human beings. Landfill gas, however, is a kind of renewable energy. Therefore, it is imperative to recover LFG. In order to recover LFG, it is necessary to research the production and generation rate of LFG.
The process of LFG generation is very complicated, which is affected by many factors. Although some landfill gas models have been developed at abroad, these models can't be directly used in China because of great difference in characters between domestic and alien MSW. Domestic study, however, can't meet the demand of recovery. Consequently, it is prerequisite to establish LFG model that is adapt to the characters of domestic MSW for recycle LFG.
The essence of anaerobic decomposition and gas generation kinetics were analyzed and the equations of methane and carbon dioxide generation rate were brought forward in this paper though investigate the related literatures of landfill gas model at home and abroad and analyze factors that affect anaerobic decomposition of MSW. Furthermore, the data of gas production and generation rate were acquired through experiment and landfill gas models fit for domestic MSW were advanced in this paper.
The main works and conclusions in this paper are as follows,
①Temperature and sewage sludge, the mainly two factors that affect decomposition and gas production of MSW, were compared in this paper. The results show that:
a)At the range of 20℃~40℃, temperature increase can not only enhance LFG production but accelerate the speed of gas generation.
b)Adding sewage sludge in lysimeter can not only markedly increase LFG production and generation rate, but also extremely enhance methane content.
c)If water content of MSW reaches or approaches field capacity, leachate produced from MSW itself recycle can treat itself, but can have little effect on gas production and generation rate.
②The model of actual production of MSW in China was put forward.
③On the basis of experiments, The LFG models fit for characters of Chongqing were brought forward, and actual values, predicted values and Scholl Canyon model values of gas generation rate were compared in this paper. The results show that the models are reasonable and credible. Moreover, The gas production and generation rate of one landfill site of Chongqing were computed with these models.
填埋气的产生受到很多因素的影响，虽然国外出现了一些垃圾填埋气的产气模型，但是由于我国垃圾特点和国外的有较大的差异，不能照搬使用，而国内的研究成果还不能满足实际的需要，因此必须建立起适合我国自身垃圾特点的产气模型，来为填埋气的回收利用服务。
本文在分析研究国内外有关垃圾填埋气产气模型和影响垃圾厌氧降解产气的因素基础上，从动力学角度来分析垃圾厌氧降解产气的实质，得出甲烷和二氧化碳的产气速率表达式；并通过实验室的现场实验，得到了垃圾产气量和产气速率的数据，建立了适合我国垃圾自身特点的产气模型。其主要的工作和结论如下：
①通过实验对比了温度控制和添加污水厂厌氧污泥这两个因素对填埋气产生的影响，得到：
a）当温度范围在20℃~40℃之间时，升高温度不仅能增加填埋气的总量，还能够增加其产气速率。
b）添加厌氧消化污泥不仅能够明显增加填埋气体的总量和产气速率，还能够大大增加其气体中甲烷的含量。
c）当垃圾自身的含水率达到或接近饱和时，在垃圾自身产生的渗滤液后再进行回灌，它虽然对渗滤液本身具有一定的处理作用，但是对产气量和产气速率却没有太大影响。
②提出我国垃圾实际产气量的计算公式。
③在实验数据的基础上，建立起了垃圾填埋气模型，并对实测值和本模型的预测值以及Scholl Canyon模型预测值进行了对比，结果表明建立的模型是合理可靠的，最后利用此模型计算出了重庆市某填埋场的产气速率和产气量。
Landfill, the predominant method of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment nowadays, will emit landfill gas (LFG) to environment, which are mainly made up of methane and carbon dioxide and will be great harmful to environment and human beings. Landfill gas, however, is a kind of renewable energy. Therefore, it is imperative to recover LFG. In order to recover LFG, it is necessary to research the production and generation rate of LFG.
The process of LFG generation is very complicated, which is affected by many factors. Although some landfill gas models have been developed at abroad, these models can't be directly used in China because of great difference in characters between domestic and alien MSW. Domestic study, however, can't meet the demand of recovery. Consequently, it is prerequisite to establish LFG model that is adapt to the characters of domestic MSW for recycle LFG.
The essence of anaerobic decomposition and gas generation kinetics were analyzed and the equations of methane and carbon dioxide generation rate were brought forward in this paper though investigate the related literatures of landfill gas model at home and abroad and analyze factors that affect anaerobic decomposition of MSW. Furthermore, the data of gas production and generation rate were acquired through experiment and landfill gas models fit for domestic MSW were advanced in this paper.
The main works and conclusions in this paper are as follows,
①Temperature and sewage sludge, the mainly two factors that affect decomposition and gas production of MSW, were compared in this paper. The results show that:
a)At the range of 20℃~40℃, temperature increase can not only enhance LFG production but accelerate the speed of gas generation.
b)Adding sewage sludge in lysimeter can not only markedly increase LFG production and generation rate, but also extremely enhance methane content.
c)If water content of MSW reaches or approaches field capacity, leachate produced from MSW itself recycle can treat itself, but can have little effect on gas production and generation rate.
②The model of actual production of MSW in China was put forward.
③On the basis of experiments, The LFG models fit for characters of Chongqing were brought forward, and actual values, predicted values and Scholl Canyon model values of gas generation rate were compared in this paper. The results show that the models are reasonable and credible. Moreover, The gas production and generation rate of one landfill site of Chongqing were computed with these models.
引文
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