移动IP中位置管理机制的分析及优化研究
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摘要
移动性管理是实现网络无缝连接的关键技术之一，对移动通信网络的性能具有决定性的作用。移动性管理的核心包括位置管理和切换管理，其中，位置管理又占有举足轻重的地位，它所产生的业务量占据了网络链路上信令交换的相当大一部分。因此设计一个优化的位置管理机制能够有效地减少网络中移动性管理的开销，改善网络的性能。
本文围绕如何优化Mobile IP中的位置管理机制展开讨论。论文在简要介绍了移动IPv4的作用、设计目标和要求等相关概念后，阐述了其位置管理机制的工作过程，包括移动检测、注册以及数据包的路由三个阶段，并着重介绍了隧道技术，同时也指出了机制中的不足之处。随后，论文又深入地讨论了移动IPv6中的位置管理机制，同样也是从移动检测、注册和数据包的路由三个方面论述了其实现过程。本文比较了移动IPv6和移动IPv4中位置管理机制的异同之处，指出前者要优越于后者。
考虑到下一代互联网将是基于IPv6的网络，所以论文在IPv6的基础上提出了一个移动位置管理机制，并详细介绍了它的工作原理。改进的机制增加了两个功能实体(外地代理和本地代理)来支持主机在域内的微移动，同时引入了寻呼功能，并在满足延时限制的条件下，基于移动主机的位置概率分布，提出了一个逐步寻呼算法。本文通过建立数学模型对注册过程和寻呼算法进行了性能分析，计算机仿真结果证明：与移动IPv6协议相比，改进机制中的注册过程在很大程度上减少了对家乡代理的频繁访问以及主干网中的注册报文流量；相较于普遍采用的一步到位的广播方式，逐步寻呼算法很明显地减少了寻呼开销，节省了宝贵的网络资源。
Mobility management is considered to be one of the key technologies for realizing seamless connection. The performance of the mobile communication networks depends heavily on the effectiveness of mobility management. The operation of mobility management is divided into two related parts, location management and handoff management. The former occupies a pivotal position and results in a large amount of signaling overheads in network. So it is very important to design a fine location management mechanism, which can reduce costs to a great extent caused by mobility management and improve network communication performance.
The paper mainly discusses how to optimize location management scheme in Mobile IP. After introducing some conceptions of Mobile IPv4 simply such as function, design aim, requirements and so on, the paper expounds the operation of location management scheme including movement detection, registration, routing and tunnel technology. Especially, Defects are also pointed out in this paper. Then the detailed implementation of location management in Mobile IPv6 is presented in the same way. The location management scheme in Mobile IPv6 is superior to that in Mobile IPv4 by comparing,
Considering that IPv6 will be the Internet protocol in the future, therefore the paper brings forward a mobile location management scheme based on IPv6 and explains the operation in detail. The improved scheme adds two functional entities, foreign agent and local agent, to support micro mobility in domains. Especially, under delay bounds and probability distribution on mobile host location, the paper raises a multistep paging procedure. In this paper, two math models are established respectively to analyze the effectiveness of registration and paging procedure. Computer simulation results validate their advantages. Comparing with Mobile IPv6, registration process in improved scheme reduces location updates largely. Broadcast paging procedure consumes a vast amount of network resources, while multistep paging approach reduces the paging costs significantly.
本文围绕如何优化Mobile IP中的位置管理机制展开讨论。论文在简要介绍了移动IPv4的作用、设计目标和要求等相关概念后，阐述了其位置管理机制的工作过程，包括移动检测、注册以及数据包的路由三个阶段，并着重介绍了隧道技术，同时也指出了机制中的不足之处。随后，论文又深入地讨论了移动IPv6中的位置管理机制，同样也是从移动检测、注册和数据包的路由三个方面论述了其实现过程。本文比较了移动IPv6和移动IPv4中位置管理机制的异同之处，指出前者要优越于后者。
考虑到下一代互联网将是基于IPv6的网络，所以论文在IPv6的基础上提出了一个移动位置管理机制，并详细介绍了它的工作原理。改进的机制增加了两个功能实体(外地代理和本地代理)来支持主机在域内的微移动，同时引入了寻呼功能，并在满足延时限制的条件下，基于移动主机的位置概率分布，提出了一个逐步寻呼算法。本文通过建立数学模型对注册过程和寻呼算法进行了性能分析，计算机仿真结果证明：与移动IPv6协议相比，改进机制中的注册过程在很大程度上减少了对家乡代理的频繁访问以及主干网中的注册报文流量；相较于普遍采用的一步到位的广播方式，逐步寻呼算法很明显地减少了寻呼开销，节省了宝贵的网络资源。
Mobility management is considered to be one of the key technologies for realizing seamless connection. The performance of the mobile communication networks depends heavily on the effectiveness of mobility management. The operation of mobility management is divided into two related parts, location management and handoff management. The former occupies a pivotal position and results in a large amount of signaling overheads in network. So it is very important to design a fine location management mechanism, which can reduce costs to a great extent caused by mobility management and improve network communication performance.
The paper mainly discusses how to optimize location management scheme in Mobile IP. After introducing some conceptions of Mobile IPv4 simply such as function, design aim, requirements and so on, the paper expounds the operation of location management scheme including movement detection, registration, routing and tunnel technology. Especially, Defects are also pointed out in this paper. Then the detailed implementation of location management in Mobile IPv6 is presented in the same way. The location management scheme in Mobile IPv6 is superior to that in Mobile IPv4 by comparing,
Considering that IPv6 will be the Internet protocol in the future, therefore the paper brings forward a mobile location management scheme based on IPv6 and explains the operation in detail. The improved scheme adds two functional entities, foreign agent and local agent, to support micro mobility in domains. Especially, under delay bounds and probability distribution on mobile host location, the paper raises a multistep paging procedure. In this paper, two math models are established respectively to analyze the effectiveness of registration and paging procedure. Computer simulation results validate their advantages. Comparing with Mobile IPv6, registration process in improved scheme reduces location updates largely. Broadcast paging procedure consumes a vast amount of network resources, while multistep paging approach reduces the paging costs significantly.
引文
[1]赵阿群，吴国新，顾冠群．网络层支持主机移动的研究．计算机科学，2000，27(10)： 1-6
[2]Akyildiz I F, McNair J, Ho J S M, et al. Mobility Management in Next Generation Wireless Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1999, 87(8): 1347-1384
[3]Akyildiz I F, McNair J, Ho J S M, et al. Mobility Management in Current and Future Communication Networks. IEEE Network Magazine, 1998, 12(8): 39-49
[4]张毓华，李方伟，丰勇．全IP移动通信网网络层移动性管理．现代电信科技，2002，(1)：28-30
[5]刘海鹏，张根度．GPRS和移动IP中移动管理研究．计算机科学，2002，29(4)： 100-102
[6]余政，宋健，袁占亭等．移动IP综述．计算机工程，2002，28(7)：5-7
[7]刘元安．未来移动通信系统概论．第1版．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1999，118-124
[8]蔡晓华，陈则盛，顾尚杰等．移动IP关键技术实现的分析与实践．计算机工程，2001，27(5)：109-110
[9]黄鹂，马艳峰．移动IP中的移动检测方法．中国数据通信，2002，(1)：21-24
[10]樊蠢，杜玉，杨寿保．移动IP的实验实现及改进．计算机工程，2001，27(2)： 114-117
[11]周武旸，陆晓文，朱近康．无线互联网．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002，77-126
[12]汪军．移动IP隧道技术应用比较．中国数据通信，2002，(1)：61-63
[13]Perkins C E. Mobile IP. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(5): 66-82
[14]叶敏华，张惠民，刘雨．移动IP与蜂窝IP技术．现代电信科技，2002，(1)：1-4
[15]朱赞，史佳顺，俞时权．移动IP技术及其路由优化．计算机工程，2003，29(1)： 152-153
[16]杨仁忠，候紫峰．移动计算IP协议技术分析．计算机工程与应用，2004，40(2)：164-167
[17]Campbell A T, Gomez J, Kim S, et al. A Comparison of IP Micromobility Protocols. Wireless Communications, 2002, 9(1):72-82
[18]Ramjcc R, Varadhan K, Salgarelli L, et al. HAWAII: A Domain-Based Approach
for Supporting Mobility in Wide-Area Wireless Networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2002, 10(3): 396-410
[19]Stallings W. IPv6: the New lnternet Protocol. IEEE Communication Magazine, 1996, 34(7): 96-108
[20]Han-Chieh Chao, Stuttgen H J, Waddington D G. IPv6: the Basis for the Next Generation Internet. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2004, 42(1): 86-87
[21]承彦，顾冠群．IPv6对移动通信支持的研究．计算机工程与应用，2002，38(3)： 172-174
[22]伍海桑，陈茂科，陈名华等．IPv6原理与实践．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000，67-83
[23]Han-Chieh Chao, Yen-Ming Chu, Mu-Tai Lin. The Implication of the Next-Generation Wireless Network Design: Cellular Mobile IPv6. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2000, 46(3): 656-663
[24]Lee D C, Lough D L, Midkiff S F, et al. The Next Generation of the Internet: Aspects of the Internet Protocol Version 6. IEEE Network, 1998, 12(1): 28-33
[25]Grosse E, Lakshman Y N. Network Processors Applied to IPv4/IPv6 Transition. IEEE Network, 2003, 17(4): 35-39
[26]Waddington D G, FangZhe Chang. Realizing the Transition to IPv6. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(6): 138- 147
[27]Dunn T. Marketplace-the IPv6 Transition. IEEE lnternet Computing, 2002, 6(3):11-13
[28]刘蕾，张有根．移动IPv6技术．中国数据通信，2002，(10)：67-73
[29]Narten T. Neighbor Discovery and Stateless Autoeonfiguration in IPv6. IEEE Internet Computing, 1999, 3(4): 54-62
[30]Marcus Goncalves，Kitty Niles．IPv6网络．黄锡伟，杨震译．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000，167-181
[31]马严．计算机互联网技术及其演进．第1版．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1999，46-60
[32]常征，朱敏．移动通信中的IPv6技术．中国数据通信，2002，(1)：64-68
[33]郭建星，王安保，王晓静等．基于移动IPv6的RSVP性能分析．现代通信，2003，(7)：13-15
[34]Vaughan-Nichols S J. Mobile IPv6 and the Future of Wireless Internet Access. Cumputer, 2003, 36(2): 18-20
[35]许小刚，赵晨．夏勤．微观移动协议综述．计算机科学，2003，30(1)：14-16
[36]许小刚，赵晨，夏勤等．微观移动协议的比较和评估．计算机科学，2003，
30(1)： 16-18
[37]宗可清，纪红军，王文鼎．未来全IP移动通信网中的微移动性管理研究．无线通信技术，2003，12(3)：11-15
[38]薛蓉蓉，刘宏利．改进的移动IPv6协议分析．现代电子技术，2003，26(21)： 8-9
[39]Sami Tabbane．无线移动通信网络．李新付，楼才义，徐建良译．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，2001，197-231
[40]Rose C, Yates R. Minimizing the Average Cost of Paging Under Delay Constraints. ACM/Baltzer J. Wireless Networks, 1995, 1(2): 211-219
[41]Liu T, Bahl P, Chlamtae I. Mobility Modeling, Location Tracking, and Trajectory Prediction in Wireless ATM Networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1998, 16(6): 922-936
[42]Liang B, Haas Z J. Predictive Distance-Based Mobility Management for Multidimensional PCS Network. IEEE/ACM Transaction on Network, 2003, 11(5): 718-732
[43]Zonoozi M M, Dassanayake P. User Mobility Modeling and Characterization of Mobility Patterns. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1997, 15(7): 1239-1252
[44]Kim T S, Chung M Y, Sung D K, et al. Mobility Modeling and Traffic Analysis in Three-Dimensional Indoor Environments. IEEE Transactions Vehicular Technology, 1998, 47(2): 546-557
[45]李庆扬，王能超，易大义．数值分析．第3版．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1986，97-102
[46]Akyildiz I F, Ho J S M, Lin Y B. Movement-Based Location Update and Selective Paging for PCS Networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1996, 4(4): 629-638
[2]Akyildiz I F, McNair J, Ho J S M, et al. Mobility Management in Next Generation Wireless Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1999, 87(8): 1347-1384
[3]Akyildiz I F, McNair J, Ho J S M, et al. Mobility Management in Current and Future Communication Networks. IEEE Network Magazine, 1998, 12(8): 39-49
[4]张毓华，李方伟，丰勇．全IP移动通信网网络层移动性管理．现代电信科技，2002，(1)：28-30
[5]刘海鹏，张根度．GPRS和移动IP中移动管理研究．计算机科学，2002，29(4)： 100-102
[6]余政，宋健，袁占亭等．移动IP综述．计算机工程，2002，28(7)：5-7
[7]刘元安．未来移动通信系统概论．第1版．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1999，118-124
[8]蔡晓华，陈则盛，顾尚杰等．移动IP关键技术实现的分析与实践．计算机工程，2001，27(5)：109-110
[9]黄鹂，马艳峰．移动IP中的移动检测方法．中国数据通信，2002，(1)：21-24
[10]樊蠢，杜玉，杨寿保．移动IP的实验实现及改进．计算机工程，2001，27(2)： 114-117
[11]周武旸，陆晓文，朱近康．无线互联网．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002，77-126
[12]汪军．移动IP隧道技术应用比较．中国数据通信，2002，(1)：61-63
[13]Perkins C E. Mobile IP. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(5): 66-82
[14]叶敏华，张惠民，刘雨．移动IP与蜂窝IP技术．现代电信科技，2002，(1)：1-4
[15]朱赞，史佳顺，俞时权．移动IP技术及其路由优化．计算机工程，2003，29(1)： 152-153
[16]杨仁忠，候紫峰．移动计算IP协议技术分析．计算机工程与应用，2004，40(2)：164-167
[17]Campbell A T, Gomez J, Kim S, et al. A Comparison of IP Micromobility Protocols. Wireless Communications, 2002, 9(1):72-82
[18]Ramjcc R, Varadhan K, Salgarelli L, et al. HAWAII: A Domain-Based Approach
for Supporting Mobility in Wide-Area Wireless Networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2002, 10(3): 396-410
[19]Stallings W. IPv6: the New lnternet Protocol. IEEE Communication Magazine, 1996, 34(7): 96-108
[20]Han-Chieh Chao, Stuttgen H J, Waddington D G. IPv6: the Basis for the Next Generation Internet. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2004, 42(1): 86-87
[21]承彦，顾冠群．IPv6对移动通信支持的研究．计算机工程与应用，2002，38(3)： 172-174
[22]伍海桑，陈茂科，陈名华等．IPv6原理与实践．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000，67-83
[23]Han-Chieh Chao, Yen-Ming Chu, Mu-Tai Lin. The Implication of the Next-Generation Wireless Network Design: Cellular Mobile IPv6. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2000, 46(3): 656-663
[24]Lee D C, Lough D L, Midkiff S F, et al. The Next Generation of the Internet: Aspects of the Internet Protocol Version 6. IEEE Network, 1998, 12(1): 28-33
[25]Grosse E, Lakshman Y N. Network Processors Applied to IPv4/IPv6 Transition. IEEE Network, 2003, 17(4): 35-39
[26]Waddington D G, FangZhe Chang. Realizing the Transition to IPv6. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(6): 138- 147
[27]Dunn T. Marketplace-the IPv6 Transition. IEEE lnternet Computing, 2002, 6(3):11-13
[28]刘蕾，张有根．移动IPv6技术．中国数据通信，2002，(10)：67-73
[29]Narten T. Neighbor Discovery and Stateless Autoeonfiguration in IPv6. IEEE Internet Computing, 1999, 3(4): 54-62
[30]Marcus Goncalves，Kitty Niles．IPv6网络．黄锡伟，杨震译．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000，167-181
[31]马严．计算机互联网技术及其演进．第1版．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1999，46-60
[32]常征，朱敏．移动通信中的IPv6技术．中国数据通信，2002，(1)：64-68
[33]郭建星，王安保，王晓静等．基于移动IPv6的RSVP性能分析．现代通信，2003，(7)：13-15
[34]Vaughan-Nichols S J. Mobile IPv6 and the Future of Wireless Internet Access. Cumputer, 2003, 36(2): 18-20
[35]许小刚，赵晨．夏勤．微观移动协议综述．计算机科学，2003，30(1)：14-16
[36]许小刚，赵晨，夏勤等．微观移动协议的比较和评估．计算机科学，2003，
30(1)： 16-18
[37]宗可清，纪红军，王文鼎．未来全IP移动通信网中的微移动性管理研究．无线通信技术，2003，12(3)：11-15
[38]薛蓉蓉，刘宏利．改进的移动IPv6协议分析．现代电子技术，2003，26(21)： 8-9
[39]Sami Tabbane．无线移动通信网络．李新付，楼才义，徐建良译．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，2001，197-231
[40]Rose C, Yates R. Minimizing the Average Cost of Paging Under Delay Constraints. ACM/Baltzer J. Wireless Networks, 1995, 1(2): 211-219
[41]Liu T, Bahl P, Chlamtae I. Mobility Modeling, Location Tracking, and Trajectory Prediction in Wireless ATM Networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1998, 16(6): 922-936
[42]Liang B, Haas Z J. Predictive Distance-Based Mobility Management for Multidimensional PCS Network. IEEE/ACM Transaction on Network, 2003, 11(5): 718-732
[43]Zonoozi M M, Dassanayake P. User Mobility Modeling and Characterization of Mobility Patterns. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1997, 15(7): 1239-1252
[44]Kim T S, Chung M Y, Sung D K, et al. Mobility Modeling and Traffic Analysis in Three-Dimensional Indoor Environments. IEEE Transactions Vehicular Technology, 1998, 47(2): 546-557
[45]李庆扬，王能超，易大义．数值分析．第3版．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1986，97-102
[46]Akyildiz I F, Ho J S M, Lin Y B. Movement-Based Location Update and Selective Paging for PCS Networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1996, 4(4): 629-638
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