国产600MW超临界机组热力系统节能研究
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摘要
超临界技术是当今世界上一项既成熟又在发展中的火电技术,其效率比亚临界机组有大幅度提高,已被国际上纳入洁净煤发电技术的发展轨道,具有节能和环保双重效益。
我国发展超临界机组,其时间己晚于发达国家30~40年,我国有条件,也有必要站在较高的起点上,采用世界先进技术和成熟经验,充分利用当今世界上材料工业的最新成果,同时对超临界机组进行分析优化,使超临界机组的节能效果发挥到最大效益。600MW超临界机组正在成为我国电网中的主力机组,但是我国的超临界机组在设计、运行等方面的水平较国外先进水平还有一定差距。因此,需要对600MW超临界机组热力系统进行系统的分析、研究和优化,找出其节能的潜力,为超临界机组的节能指明方向,使之真正发挥出超临界机组的优越性来。
本文首先运用动态投资回收年限法论证了超临界机组在经济性方面的优越性。在回热系统分析方面,以等效热降法为基础,并结合循环函数法的理念,提出加热单元回热率的概念,并据此推导出精确度更高的估算公式,使得在计算高压加热器停运时的热效率更为精确。第四章对机组凝汽设备进行了优化,运用熵增原理对机组采用的双压凝汽器进行分析计算,得出循环冷却水温升的最佳分配公式。在第五章运用BP神经网络理论对机组的高压加热器和凝汽器进行故障诊断,同时提出了BP网络的改进方案,将这种改进的BP网络算法应用于凝汽设备故障诊断中。这些研究成果为国产600MW超临界机组的设计优化、运行管理和技术改造提供了有效的理论依据。
Nowadays supercritical technique is a heat-engine technology which is well-developed as well as developing in the world. It’s more efficient than subcritical unit and has been directed into the developing orbit of the clean coal power generation. It has the double benefits of the energy conservation and the environmental protection.
The supercritical unit developing in China is 30~40 years later than in those developed countries. It is advantageous and necessary to start with a higher level. Adopting the world’s advanced technology and sophisticated experience, getting full use of the latest achievement of today’s material industry in the world, and analyzing and optimizing to supercritical unit can make it exert all the benefits in the effect of energy saving. 600MW supercritical unit is becoming the major unit of the electric network in our country, but there are some gaps between our supercritical unit and other countries’at advanced level in some aspects such as design and operation. Thus, we need a systemic analysis, research and optimization to find out it’s potential in energy saving, point out the way of supercritical unit’s energy saving, and make supercritical unit to exert it’s advantages verily.
In this dissertation it is demonstrated that the supercritical unit’s advantages in economy by using the method of payback period of investment. In the aspect of regenerative system analysis, basing the theory on the equivalent heat drop method, coupled with cyclic functional method, a concept of heater element’s regenerative rate is put forward, and hereby a more precise estimating formulae is educed to make a smaller error in the course of calculating the thermal efficiency when the high-pressure heater stop running. In the fourth chapter, an optimization on the supercritical unit’s condenser system is done, and the duplex pressure condenser used in this unit is analyzed and calculated by using the entropy generation theorem, and at last, the best distributive formulae on elevated temperature of circulation cooling water are got. In the fifth chapter, the theory on BP neural network is used to do a fault diagnosis on the high-pressure heater and the condenser of the supercritical unit, and a BP neural network’s amelioration scheme is brought forward. This BP neural network arithmetic is applied to the fault diagnosis of condenser system. These disquisitive products will provide an impactful theoretical gist for the design optimization, circulation management and technique alteration of the 600MW supercritical unit made in our country.
我国发展超临界机组,其时间己晚于发达国家30~40年,我国有条件,也有必要站在较高的起点上,采用世界先进技术和成熟经验,充分利用当今世界上材料工业的最新成果,同时对超临界机组进行分析优化,使超临界机组的节能效果发挥到最大效益。600MW超临界机组正在成为我国电网中的主力机组,但是我国的超临界机组在设计、运行等方面的水平较国外先进水平还有一定差距。因此,需要对600MW超临界机组热力系统进行系统的分析、研究和优化,找出其节能的潜力,为超临界机组的节能指明方向,使之真正发挥出超临界机组的优越性来。
本文首先运用动态投资回收年限法论证了超临界机组在经济性方面的优越性。在回热系统分析方面,以等效热降法为基础,并结合循环函数法的理念,提出加热单元回热率的概念,并据此推导出精确度更高的估算公式,使得在计算高压加热器停运时的热效率更为精确。第四章对机组凝汽设备进行了优化,运用熵增原理对机组采用的双压凝汽器进行分析计算,得出循环冷却水温升的最佳分配公式。在第五章运用BP神经网络理论对机组的高压加热器和凝汽器进行故障诊断,同时提出了BP网络的改进方案,将这种改进的BP网络算法应用于凝汽设备故障诊断中。这些研究成果为国产600MW超临界机组的设计优化、运行管理和技术改造提供了有效的理论依据。
Nowadays supercritical technique is a heat-engine technology which is well-developed as well as developing in the world. It’s more efficient than subcritical unit and has been directed into the developing orbit of the clean coal power generation. It has the double benefits of the energy conservation and the environmental protection.
The supercritical unit developing in China is 30~40 years later than in those developed countries. It is advantageous and necessary to start with a higher level. Adopting the world’s advanced technology and sophisticated experience, getting full use of the latest achievement of today’s material industry in the world, and analyzing and optimizing to supercritical unit can make it exert all the benefits in the effect of energy saving. 600MW supercritical unit is becoming the major unit of the electric network in our country, but there are some gaps between our supercritical unit and other countries’at advanced level in some aspects such as design and operation. Thus, we need a systemic analysis, research and optimization to find out it’s potential in energy saving, point out the way of supercritical unit’s energy saving, and make supercritical unit to exert it’s advantages verily.
In this dissertation it is demonstrated that the supercritical unit’s advantages in economy by using the method of payback period of investment. In the aspect of regenerative system analysis, basing the theory on the equivalent heat drop method, coupled with cyclic functional method, a concept of heater element’s regenerative rate is put forward, and hereby a more precise estimating formulae is educed to make a smaller error in the course of calculating the thermal efficiency when the high-pressure heater stop running. In the fourth chapter, an optimization on the supercritical unit’s condenser system is done, and the duplex pressure condenser used in this unit is analyzed and calculated by using the entropy generation theorem, and at last, the best distributive formulae on elevated temperature of circulation cooling water are got. In the fifth chapter, the theory on BP neural network is used to do a fault diagnosis on the high-pressure heater and the condenser of the supercritical unit, and a BP neural network’s amelioration scheme is brought forward. This BP neural network arithmetic is applied to the fault diagnosis of condenser system. These disquisitive products will provide an impactful theoretical gist for the design optimization, circulation management and technique alteration of the 600MW supercritical unit made in our country.
引文
[1]刘国跃 ,朱宝田 ,雷兆团.超临界及超超临界机组的运行特性研究.电力设备.2006,7(4):7-10
[2]郑体宽,热力发电厂,北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[3]马芳礼.电厂热力系统节能分析原理:电厂蒸汽循环的函数与方程.北京:水利水电出版社,1992
[4]林万超.火电厂热力系统节能理论.北京:现交通大学出版社,1994
[5]吴存真.热力过程火用分析基础.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1999
[6]王乃华,高玉川,孙奉仲,等.火电厂热力系统并联算法通用逻辑矩阵模型.热能动力工程,2004(6):610-614
[7]Eiichi Koda , Toru Takahashi. Development of generalpurpose software to analyze the steady state of powergeneration systems.Energy Conversion and Management,2002(43):1407-1416
[8]陈海平,张树芳.火电厂热力系统热力单元矩阵分析法.动力工程,1999,19(1):37-40
[9]郭江龙,张树芳,宋之平,等.基于等效热降理论的热力系统热经济性矩阵分析方法及其应用. 工程热物理学报,2004(5):729-732
[10]郭江龙,张树芳,宋之平,等.电厂热力系统能效矩阵方程式及其应用.热能动力工程,2004,(1):29-31
[11]郭丙然.火电厂计算机分析.北京:水利水电出版社,1991
[12]陈守伦,袁建国,程芳.投资回收年限若干特殊问题研究.河海大学学报,2003,31(2);237-240
[13]陈守伦,胡晓龙,冯宝平.关于动态投资回收年限问题的探索.电能源科学,2002年9月第20卷第3期:75-77
[14]东方锅炉(集团)股份有限公司,东方锅炉600MW超临界机组锅炉技术,2003年4月
[15]上海锅炉股份有限公司,上海锅炉60OMW超临界锅炉介绍,2003年5月
[16]哈尔滨汽轮机股份有限公司,哈尔滨汽轮600MW超临界汽轮机介绍,2003年7月
[17]上海汽轮机股份有限公司,上海汽轮机600MW超临界汽轮机介绍,2003年4月
[18]曹志猛,汤盛萍,肖汉才.我国发展超超临界机组参数和容量优先选择的研究.电站系统工程,2007,23(5):41-42
[19]李永华,闫顺林,李铭等回热系统热力计算的新方法.河北电力技术, 2001,20(6):5-6
[20]刘志真,赵世民.加热器热经济性分析.山东电力技术,2004,138(4): 33-36
[21]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[22]刘强,郭民臣,田永伟,等.加热器端差对机组热经济性影响的定量分析方法.热能动力工程,2007,22(5):521-524
[23]葛晓霞,缪国钧.加热器端差对机组经济性的影响 .汽轮机技术,2006,48 (5):372-375
[24]高巨宝,樊越胜,曹子栋.热电厂切除高压加热器的热经济性研究.中国电力,2005,38(9):29-31
[25]沈邱农,程钧培.超超临界机组参数和热力系统的优化分析.动力工程,2004(3):305-311
[26]张卓澄.大型电站凝汽器.北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[27]郝时旺等.多背压凝汽器中温度场均匀性原则的直接证明.工程热物理学报,1997,18(6):741-743
[28]代云修,张灿勇.汽轮机设备及系统.北京:中国电力业出版社,2005:73-77
[29]Xu Z M et al.A Design Optimization of Multi-pressure Condensers. Thermodynamics and the Design, Analysis, and Improvement of Energy Systems,ASME1995.AES-VOL.35
[30]USA HEI.Standards for Steam Surface Condensers.1984
[31]田景文,高美娟等.人工神经网络算法研究及应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006
[32]杨行峻,郑君里.人工神经网络与盲信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[33]胡上尉,刘琼荪,刘佳璐,等.基于修改误差函数新的BP学习算法.系统仿真 学报.2007,19(19):4591-4593
[34] Simon Haykin.神经网络原理.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[35]Kurt Hornik. Approximation Capabilities of Multilayer Feedfor word Network Neural Networks,1991,4:251-257
[36]Martin T.Hagan,Howard B.Demuth, MarkBeale.Neural Network Design. Citicpublishing House,2007,12(5):421-424
[37] CarlosCalderon-Macias, Sen M rinal K, Stoffa Paul LS. Artificial neural networks for parameter estimation in geophysics. Geophysical Prospecting, 2000,48:21-47.
[38] Greeman Roxama M ,Stepniew ski Slawomir W ,Jorgensen Charles C, et al. Designing compact feedforward neural network models with small trainingdata sets. 2002,39 (3):452-459.
[39] Treadgold Nicho las K, Gedeon Tamas D. Simulated annealing and weight decay in adaptive learning: The sarprop algorithm. IEEE Trans on Neural Networks,1998,9 (4):662-668.
[40]William C Carpenter,Marcerry E Hoffman.Guideline for the selection of network architecture. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design analysis and Manufacturing.1997,11(5):395-408
[41]杨晓红,刘乐善.用遗传算法优化神经网络结构.计算机应用与软件,1997 (3):59-65
[42]李延群,冯兴隆. 大容量机组高压加热器故障原因分析及对策.热力发电. 2003(6):9-3
[43]Adam Adgar, Chris Cox, John MacIntyre. Automatic Fault Diagnosis for Machinery using Statistical and Neural Network Techniques. COMADEM Proceedings,1998.:457-460
[44]薛斌党,孙惠国,薛文芳等. 故障诊断神经网络隐层结点数的优化方法.郑州工业大学学报,1999,1999,20(1):36-38
[45]杨剑永,张敏,周亮.国产超临界600MW汽轮机经济性分析.东北电力技术,2006(8):6-8
[46]张利平,王伟峰,唐德善.改进的 BP 网络在凝汽器故障诊断中应用[J].热力发电.2004 年第三期:50-52
[47]滕丕忠,张聘等.基于模糊神经网络的凝汽器故障诊断及其性能监测.电力 自动化设备,2007,27(1):90-92
[48]许东,吴铮.基于 MATLAB 6.x 的系统分析与设计—神经网络(第二版).西 安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[49]曹志猛,徐慧芳,肖汉才,等. 600MW 超临界机组采用双压凝汽器的研究.长沙理工大学学报,2007,4(4):60-63
[2]郑体宽,热力发电厂,北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[3]马芳礼.电厂热力系统节能分析原理:电厂蒸汽循环的函数与方程.北京:水利水电出版社,1992
[4]林万超.火电厂热力系统节能理论.北京:现交通大学出版社,1994
[5]吴存真.热力过程火用分析基础.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1999
[6]王乃华,高玉川,孙奉仲,等.火电厂热力系统并联算法通用逻辑矩阵模型.热能动力工程,2004(6):610-614
[7]Eiichi Koda , Toru Takahashi. Development of generalpurpose software to analyze the steady state of powergeneration systems.Energy Conversion and Management,2002(43):1407-1416
[8]陈海平,张树芳.火电厂热力系统热力单元矩阵分析法.动力工程,1999,19(1):37-40
[9]郭江龙,张树芳,宋之平,等.基于等效热降理论的热力系统热经济性矩阵分析方法及其应用. 工程热物理学报,2004(5):729-732
[10]郭江龙,张树芳,宋之平,等.电厂热力系统能效矩阵方程式及其应用.热能动力工程,2004,(1):29-31
[11]郭丙然.火电厂计算机分析.北京:水利水电出版社,1991
[12]陈守伦,袁建国,程芳.投资回收年限若干特殊问题研究.河海大学学报,2003,31(2);237-240
[13]陈守伦,胡晓龙,冯宝平.关于动态投资回收年限问题的探索.电能源科学,2002年9月第20卷第3期:75-77
[14]东方锅炉(集团)股份有限公司,东方锅炉600MW超临界机组锅炉技术,2003年4月
[15]上海锅炉股份有限公司,上海锅炉60OMW超临界锅炉介绍,2003年5月
[16]哈尔滨汽轮机股份有限公司,哈尔滨汽轮600MW超临界汽轮机介绍,2003年7月
[17]上海汽轮机股份有限公司,上海汽轮机600MW超临界汽轮机介绍,2003年4月
[18]曹志猛,汤盛萍,肖汉才.我国发展超超临界机组参数和容量优先选择的研究.电站系统工程,2007,23(5):41-42
[19]李永华,闫顺林,李铭等回热系统热力计算的新方法.河北电力技术, 2001,20(6):5-6
[20]刘志真,赵世民.加热器热经济性分析.山东电力技术,2004,138(4): 33-36
[21]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[22]刘强,郭民臣,田永伟,等.加热器端差对机组热经济性影响的定量分析方法.热能动力工程,2007,22(5):521-524
[23]葛晓霞,缪国钧.加热器端差对机组经济性的影响 .汽轮机技术,2006,48 (5):372-375
[24]高巨宝,樊越胜,曹子栋.热电厂切除高压加热器的热经济性研究.中国电力,2005,38(9):29-31
[25]沈邱农,程钧培.超超临界机组参数和热力系统的优化分析.动力工程,2004(3):305-311
[26]张卓澄.大型电站凝汽器.北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[27]郝时旺等.多背压凝汽器中温度场均匀性原则的直接证明.工程热物理学报,1997,18(6):741-743
[28]代云修,张灿勇.汽轮机设备及系统.北京:中国电力业出版社,2005:73-77
[29]Xu Z M et al.A Design Optimization of Multi-pressure Condensers. Thermodynamics and the Design, Analysis, and Improvement of Energy Systems,ASME1995.AES-VOL.35
[30]USA HEI.Standards for Steam Surface Condensers.1984
[31]田景文,高美娟等.人工神经网络算法研究及应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006
[32]杨行峻,郑君里.人工神经网络与盲信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[33]胡上尉,刘琼荪,刘佳璐,等.基于修改误差函数新的BP学习算法.系统仿真 学报.2007,19(19):4591-4593
[34] Simon Haykin.神经网络原理.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[35]Kurt Hornik. Approximation Capabilities of Multilayer Feedfor word Network Neural Networks,1991,4:251-257
[36]Martin T.Hagan,Howard B.Demuth, MarkBeale.Neural Network Design. Citicpublishing House,2007,12(5):421-424
[37] CarlosCalderon-Macias, Sen M rinal K, Stoffa Paul LS. Artificial neural networks for parameter estimation in geophysics. Geophysical Prospecting, 2000,48:21-47.
[38] Greeman Roxama M ,Stepniew ski Slawomir W ,Jorgensen Charles C, et al. Designing compact feedforward neural network models with small trainingdata sets. 2002,39 (3):452-459.
[39] Treadgold Nicho las K, Gedeon Tamas D. Simulated annealing and weight decay in adaptive learning: The sarprop algorithm. IEEE Trans on Neural Networks,1998,9 (4):662-668.
[40]William C Carpenter,Marcerry E Hoffman.Guideline for the selection of network architecture. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design analysis and Manufacturing.1997,11(5):395-408
[41]杨晓红,刘乐善.用遗传算法优化神经网络结构.计算机应用与软件,1997 (3):59-65
[42]李延群,冯兴隆. 大容量机组高压加热器故障原因分析及对策.热力发电. 2003(6):9-3
[43]Adam Adgar, Chris Cox, John MacIntyre. Automatic Fault Diagnosis for Machinery using Statistical and Neural Network Techniques. COMADEM Proceedings,1998.:457-460
[44]薛斌党,孙惠国,薛文芳等. 故障诊断神经网络隐层结点数的优化方法.郑州工业大学学报,1999,1999,20(1):36-38
[45]杨剑永,张敏,周亮.国产超临界600MW汽轮机经济性分析.东北电力技术,2006(8):6-8
[46]张利平,王伟峰,唐德善.改进的 BP 网络在凝汽器故障诊断中应用[J].热力发电.2004 年第三期:50-52
[47]滕丕忠,张聘等.基于模糊神经网络的凝汽器故障诊断及其性能监测.电力 自动化设备,2007,27(1):90-92
[48]许东,吴铮.基于 MATLAB 6.x 的系统分析与设计—神经网络(第二版).西 安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
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