介质阻挡放电降解染料废水的实验研究
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摘要
随着工业的高速发展,有机废水污染已成为严重的环境问题,而染料废水是典型的难降解有机污染物最主要的来源之一,尤其是当前染料朝着抗光解,抗氧化及抗生物降解等趋势发展,使得传统的废水处理技术已经难以实现对其进行达标排放处理,因此,含染料废水处理的治理研究受到国内外有关专家高度关注。近年来,以产生自由基为主的高级氧化技术在水处理领域逐渐兴起。
针对高级氧化技术处理染料废水的发展趋势以及无机盐含量高、色度深、成分复杂、浓度高、毒性强等特点,本论文以偶氮类染料废水为处理目标,采用介质阻挡放电等离子体降解酸性大红GR模拟染料废水,考察放电电压、极板间距、电源频率、处理时间、初始pH值及染料初始浓度等参数对水中酸性大红GR降解程度的影响,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)及紫外光谱图分析酸性大红GR的主要降解产物,初步推导酸性大红GR的降解途径及机理,为介质阻挡放电技术处理染料有机废水的实际应用提供理论依据。
本论文的主要研究成果如下：
(1)采用一种以流动的待处理废水作为接地极的介质阻挡放电水处理反应器处理染料废水,该反应器利用强电场力作用下的液面锥形突起强化局部电场,使等离子体区域产生更多的活性粒子。通过实验发现介质阻挡放电等离子体可使酸性大红GR染料得到有效降解,电源频率f=10kHz,放电电压-极板间距为8kV-6mm,染料初始浓度C0=30mg/L,初始pH=2时,20min后脱色率达到76.4%；向介质阻挡反应体系加入Fe2+有利于提高染料废水的脱色效果,Fe2+浓度为0.48mmol/L时,20min后染料废水体系脱色率达到92.1%。
(2)研究发现,染料溶液的CODcr值在脱色处理时间范围内,均呈现上升-下降-上升-下降的趋势；随着处理时间的延长,酸性大红GR溶液的pH值迅速降低。通过紫外可见光谱图分析可知染料分子已经遭到破坏,主要生成了无色的有机酸、醛等小分子物质。通过液质联用对酸性大红GR降解中间产物进行检测,对其降解机理进行了初步推断,发现介质阻挡放电过程中产生的OH、03主要进攻酸性大红GR分子上的C-N键,导致C-N键的断裂,从而使染料脱色。
(3)在不同初始浓度、pH值、放电电压、极板间距和电源频率的实验条件下,溶液中酸性大红GR的浓度随着处理时间的延长呈指数性降低趋势。介质阻挡放电等离子体对染料脱色的动力学过程不仅受染料分子数量的影响,还有受到反应体系中活性粒子的多少,以及活性粒子与染料接触机率的影响。在染料脱色效率较高的实验条件下,脱色过程符合一级反应动力学。
(4)利用介质阻挡放电处理实际染料废水24min后,废水的色度,浊度,CODcr去除率分别为97%、68.9%、83.2%。BOD5/CODcr值提高到0.67,可生化性明显得到提高,为难生化有机废水的预处理提供了条件。
(5)介质阻挡放电反应器参数U-d=8kV-6mm, f=8kHz,采用此条件下产生的臭氧单独处理酸性大红GR染料废水,实验结果发现在溶液pH=2时的脱色效果较好。单纯采用臭氧处理染料废水25min后脱色率仅为41%,而采用介质阻挡放电处理相同浓度的酸性大红GR染料废水25min脱色率达到82%,进一步表明介质阻挡放电处理染料废水具有很大的优势。
Organic wastewater pollution has become a serious environmental problem with the rapid development of industry, and dye wastewater is one of the key sourcs of typical refractory organic pollutants, especially the dye is forward to photodegradation resistance,anti-oxidation and anti-biodegradation,which made conventional processing methods already can not satisfy the requirement of water treatment technology, therefore, the expert pay high attention in dye wastewater treatment at home and abroad. In recent years, advanced oxidation technologies which mainly produce OH radicals being applied gradually in the water treatment.
Acorrding to the development trend of the advanced oxidation technology in the dye wastewaterr which characterized with high mineral concentration, high colority, complications of organic components,high pollution concentration and poison.The paper take acid scarlet GR as target pollutants, dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma could be utilized to degrade the simulation acid scarlet GR wastewater.this paper investigated the factors of discharge voltage, electrode distance,power frequency, reaction time,initial solution concentrations and pH.Farther more, to get the degradation mechanism of acid scarlet GR, the intermediate products in the process of treatment were analyzed by means of high efficiency liquid chromatography and mass spectrography (LC-MS),which provide the scientific basis for the practical application.
The results and conclusions of research are as follows:
(1)a new-style dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) reactor in which the flowing wastewater being treated was used as the ground plate was used on the degradation of dye wastewater,the partial electric fields were strengthened by the liquid cone induced by the electric field force in the reactor, more active particles were pruducted with the stronger discharge in the discharge space,At the same time, the interfacial mass transfer was enhanced highly with liquid level disturbance.The result show that, acid scarlet GR could be degradated efficiently by DBD.The 76.4% of colorization was removed after 20min DBD decomposition with 10kHz power frequency,8kV discharge voltage,6mm electrode distance,30mg/L initial concentration and 2.0 initial pH；Fe2+ ion could effectively promote decolorization rate of dye wastewater, decolorization rate is increased to 92.1% after 20min with 0.48mmol/L of Fe2+ ion by DBD.
(2) The degrading process of acid scarlet GR was determined and analyzed.lt was found that the Variation of CODcr with treatment time was rise-down-rise-down; pH of solution quickly declined along treating time increasing. The UV-Vis spectra show that dye molecules had been destroyed and generated colorless organic acid、aldehyde and so on.The varies of the possible intermediates during the degradation process were monitored with LC-MS,the possible mechanism of acid scarlet GR is proposed,the result show that Hydroxyl radical and ozone mainly attack and destroy C-N of acid scarlet GR molecule,thus making dye decolorization.
(3) The concentration of the acid scarlet GR dye in solution decreases exponentially with the lengthening reaction time in the experimental conditions of the different discharge voltage,electrode distance,power frequency,initial concentrations and pH.The kinetic process of the DBD plasma degradation of dyes is not only limited by the number of molecular dyes、active particles and contact effects of both molecular dyes and active particles.In the effectively decolorization experimental conditions,the degradation process accords with the first-order reaction kinetics.
(4) DBD was utilized to treat actual dyestuff wastewater,the removal rate of chrominance,turbidity and CODcr is 92.5%,83.3%,52.6% after 24min DBD treatment,the value of BOD5/CODcr was increased to 0.67,biodegradation was improved greatly, which provides conditions for the pre-treatment of the nonbiodegradable organic wastewater.
(5) Using ozone which was produced under 8kHz power frequency,8kV discharge voltage and 6mm electrode distance reactor parameters of DBD to treat acid scarlet GR dye, it was founded that dye solution nature of 2.0 initial pH has achieved better result;Respectively using dielectric barrier discharge technology and ozone technique alone for treating the same initial concentration of acid scarlet GR, the decolorization rate of dye was only 41% by ozone alone,but the decolorization rate reached 82% by DBD treatment,which further show that using DBD for treating dye wastewater is of great advantage.
针对高级氧化技术处理染料废水的发展趋势以及无机盐含量高、色度深、成分复杂、浓度高、毒性强等特点,本论文以偶氮类染料废水为处理目标,采用介质阻挡放电等离子体降解酸性大红GR模拟染料废水,考察放电电压、极板间距、电源频率、处理时间、初始pH值及染料初始浓度等参数对水中酸性大红GR降解程度的影响,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)及紫外光谱图分析酸性大红GR的主要降解产物,初步推导酸性大红GR的降解途径及机理,为介质阻挡放电技术处理染料有机废水的实际应用提供理论依据。
本论文的主要研究成果如下：
(1)采用一种以流动的待处理废水作为接地极的介质阻挡放电水处理反应器处理染料废水,该反应器利用强电场力作用下的液面锥形突起强化局部电场,使等离子体区域产生更多的活性粒子。通过实验发现介质阻挡放电等离子体可使酸性大红GR染料得到有效降解,电源频率f=10kHz,放电电压-极板间距为8kV-6mm,染料初始浓度C0=30mg/L,初始pH=2时,20min后脱色率达到76.4%；向介质阻挡反应体系加入Fe2+有利于提高染料废水的脱色效果,Fe2+浓度为0.48mmol/L时,20min后染料废水体系脱色率达到92.1%。
(2)研究发现,染料溶液的CODcr值在脱色处理时间范围内,均呈现上升-下降-上升-下降的趋势；随着处理时间的延长,酸性大红GR溶液的pH值迅速降低。通过紫外可见光谱图分析可知染料分子已经遭到破坏,主要生成了无色的有机酸、醛等小分子物质。通过液质联用对酸性大红GR降解中间产物进行检测,对其降解机理进行了初步推断,发现介质阻挡放电过程中产生的OH、03主要进攻酸性大红GR分子上的C-N键,导致C-N键的断裂,从而使染料脱色。
(3)在不同初始浓度、pH值、放电电压、极板间距和电源频率的实验条件下,溶液中酸性大红GR的浓度随着处理时间的延长呈指数性降低趋势。介质阻挡放电等离子体对染料脱色的动力学过程不仅受染料分子数量的影响,还有受到反应体系中活性粒子的多少,以及活性粒子与染料接触机率的影响。在染料脱色效率较高的实验条件下,脱色过程符合一级反应动力学。
(4)利用介质阻挡放电处理实际染料废水24min后,废水的色度,浊度,CODcr去除率分别为97%、68.9%、83.2%。BOD5/CODcr值提高到0.67,可生化性明显得到提高,为难生化有机废水的预处理提供了条件。
(5)介质阻挡放电反应器参数U-d=8kV-6mm, f=8kHz,采用此条件下产生的臭氧单独处理酸性大红GR染料废水,实验结果发现在溶液pH=2时的脱色效果较好。单纯采用臭氧处理染料废水25min后脱色率仅为41%,而采用介质阻挡放电处理相同浓度的酸性大红GR染料废水25min脱色率达到82%,进一步表明介质阻挡放电处理染料废水具有很大的优势。
Organic wastewater pollution has become a serious environmental problem with the rapid development of industry, and dye wastewater is one of the key sourcs of typical refractory organic pollutants, especially the dye is forward to photodegradation resistance,anti-oxidation and anti-biodegradation,which made conventional processing methods already can not satisfy the requirement of water treatment technology, therefore, the expert pay high attention in dye wastewater treatment at home and abroad. In recent years, advanced oxidation technologies which mainly produce OH radicals being applied gradually in the water treatment.
Acorrding to the development trend of the advanced oxidation technology in the dye wastewaterr which characterized with high mineral concentration, high colority, complications of organic components,high pollution concentration and poison.The paper take acid scarlet GR as target pollutants, dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma could be utilized to degrade the simulation acid scarlet GR wastewater.this paper investigated the factors of discharge voltage, electrode distance,power frequency, reaction time,initial solution concentrations and pH.Farther more, to get the degradation mechanism of acid scarlet GR, the intermediate products in the process of treatment were analyzed by means of high efficiency liquid chromatography and mass spectrography (LC-MS),which provide the scientific basis for the practical application.
The results and conclusions of research are as follows:
(1)a new-style dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) reactor in which the flowing wastewater being treated was used as the ground plate was used on the degradation of dye wastewater,the partial electric fields were strengthened by the liquid cone induced by the electric field force in the reactor, more active particles were pruducted with the stronger discharge in the discharge space,At the same time, the interfacial mass transfer was enhanced highly with liquid level disturbance.The result show that, acid scarlet GR could be degradated efficiently by DBD.The 76.4% of colorization was removed after 20min DBD decomposition with 10kHz power frequency,8kV discharge voltage,6mm electrode distance,30mg/L initial concentration and 2.0 initial pH；Fe2+ ion could effectively promote decolorization rate of dye wastewater, decolorization rate is increased to 92.1% after 20min with 0.48mmol/L of Fe2+ ion by DBD.
(2) The degrading process of acid scarlet GR was determined and analyzed.lt was found that the Variation of CODcr with treatment time was rise-down-rise-down; pH of solution quickly declined along treating time increasing. The UV-Vis spectra show that dye molecules had been destroyed and generated colorless organic acid、aldehyde and so on.The varies of the possible intermediates during the degradation process were monitored with LC-MS,the possible mechanism of acid scarlet GR is proposed,the result show that Hydroxyl radical and ozone mainly attack and destroy C-N of acid scarlet GR molecule,thus making dye decolorization.
(3) The concentration of the acid scarlet GR dye in solution decreases exponentially with the lengthening reaction time in the experimental conditions of the different discharge voltage,electrode distance,power frequency,initial concentrations and pH.The kinetic process of the DBD plasma degradation of dyes is not only limited by the number of molecular dyes、active particles and contact effects of both molecular dyes and active particles.In the effectively decolorization experimental conditions,the degradation process accords with the first-order reaction kinetics.
(4) DBD was utilized to treat actual dyestuff wastewater,the removal rate of chrominance,turbidity and CODcr is 92.5%,83.3%,52.6% after 24min DBD treatment,the value of BOD5/CODcr was increased to 0.67,biodegradation was improved greatly, which provides conditions for the pre-treatment of the nonbiodegradable organic wastewater.
(5) Using ozone which was produced under 8kHz power frequency,8kV discharge voltage and 6mm electrode distance reactor parameters of DBD to treat acid scarlet GR dye, it was founded that dye solution nature of 2.0 initial pH has achieved better result;Respectively using dielectric barrier discharge technology and ozone technique alone for treating the same initial concentration of acid scarlet GR, the decolorization rate of dye was only 41% by ozone alone,but the decolorization rate reached 82% by DBD treatment,which further show that using DBD for treating dye wastewater is of great advantage.
引文
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