土壤微生物对药材白术生物学产量和品质影响的研究
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摘要
中药白术(RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS MACROCEPHALAE)是我国著名的道地药材，别名贡术，本品为菊科植物白术Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz的干燥根茎。主要含苍术醇、苍术酮、维生素A、白术多糖等有效药用成分，具有护肝利胆、调节免疫、降低血压和血糖等显著的药理作用。
根据土壤微生态与中药材生物学性状、产量、品质相关性原理，以四川省峨眉山引种白术为实验研究对象，以土壤微生物-性状、产量-品质为主题思路，设计白术不同生长发育的实验处理。实验研究土壤微生态环境对白术生育性状、生物学产量和品质的影响。内容如下：
(一)白术土壤研究：土壤微生物总数测定、自然含水量、土壤三相比率、土壤pH值、土壤交换性酸、土壤水解性总酸度。
(二)白术植株性状与产量：生物学性状与产量测定、白术折干率测定。
(三)白术品质检测：粗灰分、白术浸出物、白术多糖、白术指纹图谱。
研究可知：土壤微生物总数与白术生物学产量呈正相关的变化规律；土壤微生物群落与水浸出物的含量呈正相关的变化规律，与乙醇浸出物含量之间无明显的相关性；土壤微生物群落与白术多糖含量之间无明显的相关性。综合实验结果，可知峨眉山山地生态区气候适宜，土质适宜，白术生长发育良好，根茎的品质优良，可望形成优质中药材白术的适宜产区。实验意义在于为四川省建立白术优质高产生产基地提供科学依据，提升农业产业化水平，增加农民收入，促进农村区域经济发展。
Chinese Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome is noted the authentic ingredients, alias for gongshu, the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Containing the effective medicinal ingredients of hinesol, atractylone, vitamin A, Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome polysaccharide etc.with anti-inflammatory, liver- protection, regulation of the immune, lower blood pressure and blood sugar, and other significant pharmacological effects.
According to soil Microecological and Chinese herbal medicines biological characteristics, yield, quality related principles, Mount Emei in Sichuan Introduction Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome as experimental subjects to soil-traits, yield-quality theme ideas, Design the experimental treatments of different Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome Growth. Experimental study of soil micro-ecological environment in white fertility traits, biological yield and quality.contents following:
(一) Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome Soil Research : Determination of the total microbial、natural moisture, soil three-phase ratio、soil pH, soil exchangeable acid、hydrolysis total soil acidity.
(二) Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome plant traits and yield : biological characteristics and yield determination、Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome discount rate of stem.
(三) Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome quality detection : the content of crude ash,Baizhu extract, Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome polysaccharide, Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome fingerprints.
We conclude that total microbial biology and Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome production was positively correlated to the changes in law; microbial community and the contents of extract with water was positively correlated to the changes in the law .there is no obvious correlation between microbial community and ethanol extract content or Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome polysaccharide content, comprehensive results, we can see Mount Emei Mountain ecological zones where has suitable climate and soil and is expected to be created a appropriate areas for high-quality medicines Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome which has good-growth and excellent- quality roots. Experimental significance is to provide the scientific basis for the establishment of Sichuan Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome good-quality, high-yield production bases, enhance the level of agricultural industrialization, increase farm income, promote the development of Regional rural economy.
根据土壤微生态与中药材生物学性状、产量、品质相关性原理，以四川省峨眉山引种白术为实验研究对象，以土壤微生物-性状、产量-品质为主题思路，设计白术不同生长发育的实验处理。实验研究土壤微生态环境对白术生育性状、生物学产量和品质的影响。内容如下：
(一)白术土壤研究：土壤微生物总数测定、自然含水量、土壤三相比率、土壤pH值、土壤交换性酸、土壤水解性总酸度。
(二)白术植株性状与产量：生物学性状与产量测定、白术折干率测定。
(三)白术品质检测：粗灰分、白术浸出物、白术多糖、白术指纹图谱。
研究可知：土壤微生物总数与白术生物学产量呈正相关的变化规律；土壤微生物群落与水浸出物的含量呈正相关的变化规律，与乙醇浸出物含量之间无明显的相关性；土壤微生物群落与白术多糖含量之间无明显的相关性。综合实验结果，可知峨眉山山地生态区气候适宜，土质适宜，白术生长发育良好，根茎的品质优良，可望形成优质中药材白术的适宜产区。实验意义在于为四川省建立白术优质高产生产基地提供科学依据，提升农业产业化水平，增加农民收入，促进农村区域经济发展。
Chinese Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome is noted the authentic ingredients, alias for gongshu, the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Containing the effective medicinal ingredients of hinesol, atractylone, vitamin A, Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome polysaccharide etc.with anti-inflammatory, liver- protection, regulation of the immune, lower blood pressure and blood sugar, and other significant pharmacological effects.
According to soil Microecological and Chinese herbal medicines biological characteristics, yield, quality related principles, Mount Emei in Sichuan Introduction Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome as experimental subjects to soil-traits, yield-quality theme ideas, Design the experimental treatments of different Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome Growth. Experimental study of soil micro-ecological environment in white fertility traits, biological yield and quality.contents following:
(一) Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome Soil Research : Determination of the total microbial、natural moisture, soil three-phase ratio、soil pH, soil exchangeable acid、hydrolysis total soil acidity.
(二) Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome plant traits and yield : biological characteristics and yield determination、Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome discount rate of stem.
(三) Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome quality detection : the content of crude ash,Baizhu extract, Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome polysaccharide, Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome fingerprints.
We conclude that total microbial biology and Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome production was positively correlated to the changes in law; microbial community and the contents of extract with water was positively correlated to the changes in the law .there is no obvious correlation between microbial community and ethanol extract content or Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome polysaccharide content, comprehensive results, we can see Mount Emei Mountain ecological zones where has suitable climate and soil and is expected to be created a appropriate areas for high-quality medicines Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome which has good-growth and excellent- quality roots. Experimental significance is to provide the scientific basis for the establishment of Sichuan Largehead Atractylodes Rhozome good-quality, high-yield production bases, enhance the level of agricultural industrialization, increase farm income, promote the development of Regional rural economy.
引文
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[2]韩雪梅，郭卫华，周娟．土壤微生物生态学研究中的非培养方法[J]．生态科学．2006．25(1)：87
[3]陆雅海，张福锁．根际微生物研究进展[J]．土壤．2006，38(2)：113
[4]杨翠平，劳业兴，吴凤薇．白术的研究进展[J]．中药材，2002，25(3)：206
[5]孙燕妮．白术的药理实验及临床研究进展[J]．中国中医药科技，1999．6(4)：279
[6]董岩，辛炳炜．白术化学成分研究新进展[J]．山东医药工业，2003，22(3)：32
[7]陈华萍，吴万征．白术的研究进展[J]．广东药学，2002．12(5)：2021
[8]刘素英．白术的药理与临床应用[J]．广东药学．1999，9(6)：22-23
[9]龙全江，徐雪琴，胡昀．白术的化学、药理与炮制研究进展[J]．中国中医药信息杂志．
[10]黄力刚．白术主要病害的发生与防治[J]．现代农业科技．2005，2：19
[11]潘兰兰，郑永利，吕先真．白术主要病害的发生及综合治理[J]．浙江农业科学．2006，3：315
[12]吴蔚东，张兆林，孙波．人工杉木林地有机物和养分库的退化与调控[J]．土壤学报．2000，37(1)：41
[13]Jan Dirkvan Elsas,Paolina Garbeva,Joana Salles.Effectsofagronomicalmeasuresonthemicrobialdiversityofsoilsasrelatedtthesuppressionofsoil-borneplantpathogens[J].Biodegradation. 2002,13:29-40
[14]Doran JW.Soilbacterialandbiochemicalchangesassociatedwithreducedtillage[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal. 1980,44:765-771.
[15]Cahn MD,Hummel JW,Brouer BH. Spatialanalysisofsoilfertilityforsitespecificmanagement.Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.1994,58:1240-1248
[16]Robertson GP, Klingensmith KM, Klug MJ, et al.Soilresources,microbialactivityandprimaryprod uctionacrossanagriculturalecosystem.Eco Appl.1997,7:158-170
[17]Permock DJ,Anderson DW,de Jong E.Landscape-scalechangesinindicatorsofsoilqualityduetocu ltivationin Saskatchewan, Canada.Geoderma. 1994,64:1-19
[18]Bossio DA, Scow KM. Impactsofcarbonandfloodingonsoilmicrobiacommunities:phospholipid fattyacidprofilesandsubstrateutilizationpatterns[J].Microbial Ecology. 1998,35:265-278
[19]Ritchie NJ, Schutter ME, Dick RP. Useoflengthheterogeneity PCR,and fattyacidmethylesterprofil estocharacterizemicrobialcommunitiesinsoil[J].Appliedand Environmental Microbiology.2000,66: 1668-1675
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