适合四川须家河组强研磨性硬地层的高效钻头研究
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摘要
强研磨性硬地层的快速钻进问题,是深井、超深井钻井提速的技术难题。四川须家河组地层埋藏深、可钻性差、研磨性强,在以往钻井提速过程中,钻头钻速慢,寿命短,钻头消耗量大,大大增加了钻井成本。因此,高效破岩钻头的研究,不但丰富了深井强研磨性硬地层钻进的钻头类型,而且对提高该地区的油气勘探开发速度具有重要意义。
在对四川须家河组地层进行抗钻特性研究的基础上,通过对国内外钻头研究进展的总结分析,结合实验手段,研究了两种M743GHI型孕镶金刚石钻头。研究表明:(1)四川须家河组地层可钻性差,研磨性强且地层软硬交错严重。(2)采用热压烧结工艺合成的以天然金刚石为磨削元件,铸造碳化钨和人造单晶金刚石粉为胎体骨架材料的圆柱形新型钻齿,能够有效破碎四川须家河组地层岩石。该钻齿的金刚石参数以粒度为70目～80目,浓度为100%的天然金刚石为最佳,胎体配方以p 2.0%、Mn 1.0%、Ni 15.4%、Co 17.4%、Cu 15.4%、铸造碳化钨20.5%、WC 27.6%、人造单晶金刚石粉0.7%,可达到最优磨耗比。(3) M743GHI型孕镶金刚石钻头,在软地层具有类似于PDC切削齿的切削破岩作用,在硬的研磨性地层中具有磨削破岩作用,实现了孕镶金刚石钻头在强研磨性硬地层中的高效破岩,提高了深井钻井的能力。(4)镶嵌新型热压孕镶金刚石钻齿的钻头在室内台架实验时,钻进可钻性级值为9.2的石英砂岩时,机械钻速达到1.38m/h,而钻头磨损速度仅为0.014mm/m,具有较高的破岩效率和钻头寿命。(5) M743GH-A孕镶金刚石钻头在马103井进行了钻进试验,进尺13.01m,纯钻时间11.56h,平均机械钻速:1.12m/h。钻头起出后,切削齿正常磨损,外径保径较好。
The fast drilling problem on high abrasive strength formation is a technology problem of the deep and ultra deep drilling. Sichuan Xujiahe group exist the characters of deep burial、poor drillability、high abrasive. In previous drilling accelerate process, the drill bit speed is low, life is short, drill consumption is in large amount, the drilling cost was greatly raised up. Therefore, study on high effective bit, not only enriched the bit type of deep well high abrasive strength formation, but also give great significance to accelerate situation of the region's oil and gas’s exploration.
On the basis of research on anti-drilling property on Suchuan Xujiahe Group, through summary analyses about research progress of bit all over the world, with a combination of experimental approaches, study two types of M743GHI impregnated diamond bit. The research demonstrate:(1) Sichuan Xujiahe group exist the characters of poor drillability, severe soft and hard cross. (2) developing a new cylindrical drilling teeth, We make the natural diamond grinding components, and we make it martixed wtth cast tungsten carbide and synthetic single crystal diamond powder, and synthesis by hot press sintering process. A large number of experiments research demonstrate that the diamond parameters of this drilling tooth recommended the size of 70 to 80 mesh, 100% concentration of natural diamond as the best, the matrix formul recommended p as 2.0%, Mn as 1.0%, Ni as 15.4%, Co as 17.4%, Cu as 15.4%, cast tungsten carbide as 20.5%, WC as 27.6%, 0.7% forsynthetic single crystal diamond powder, then should be optimal ratio in abrasion.(3)M743GHI impregnated diamond bit with combined effects of cutting and grinding rock fragmenting, in soft formations with the cutting rock breaking role similar to PDC cutters , in hard and abrasive formation with the grinding rock breaking role . Achieve the high efficient rock breaking in hard and abrasive formation with impregnated diamond bit. Improve the ability of deep drilling. (4) Drill bench test showed that when the bit which mosaic new hot and press impregnated diamond drill tooth drill the quartz sandstone of the drillability extreme value of 9.2,the penetration rate reach to 1.38m / h , the wear rate was only 0.014mm / m, the bit with high breaking rocks efficiency and bit life.(5) In ma103# well, M743GHI-A achieve the footage: 13.01m, net drilling time: 11.56h, the average penetration rate: 1.12m / h. After starting the drill, cutting teeth to normal wear, outer diameter gage is better.
在对四川须家河组地层进行抗钻特性研究的基础上,通过对国内外钻头研究进展的总结分析,结合实验手段,研究了两种M743GHI型孕镶金刚石钻头。研究表明:(1)四川须家河组地层可钻性差,研磨性强且地层软硬交错严重。(2)采用热压烧结工艺合成的以天然金刚石为磨削元件,铸造碳化钨和人造单晶金刚石粉为胎体骨架材料的圆柱形新型钻齿,能够有效破碎四川须家河组地层岩石。该钻齿的金刚石参数以粒度为70目～80目,浓度为100%的天然金刚石为最佳,胎体配方以p 2.0%、Mn 1.0%、Ni 15.4%、Co 17.4%、Cu 15.4%、铸造碳化钨20.5%、WC 27.6%、人造单晶金刚石粉0.7%,可达到最优磨耗比。(3) M743GHI型孕镶金刚石钻头,在软地层具有类似于PDC切削齿的切削破岩作用,在硬的研磨性地层中具有磨削破岩作用,实现了孕镶金刚石钻头在强研磨性硬地层中的高效破岩,提高了深井钻井的能力。(4)镶嵌新型热压孕镶金刚石钻齿的钻头在室内台架实验时,钻进可钻性级值为9.2的石英砂岩时,机械钻速达到1.38m/h,而钻头磨损速度仅为0.014mm/m,具有较高的破岩效率和钻头寿命。(5) M743GH-A孕镶金刚石钻头在马103井进行了钻进试验,进尺13.01m,纯钻时间11.56h,平均机械钻速:1.12m/h。钻头起出后,切削齿正常磨损,外径保径较好。
The fast drilling problem on high abrasive strength formation is a technology problem of the deep and ultra deep drilling. Sichuan Xujiahe group exist the characters of deep burial、poor drillability、high abrasive. In previous drilling accelerate process, the drill bit speed is low, life is short, drill consumption is in large amount, the drilling cost was greatly raised up. Therefore, study on high effective bit, not only enriched the bit type of deep well high abrasive strength formation, but also give great significance to accelerate situation of the region's oil and gas’s exploration.
On the basis of research on anti-drilling property on Suchuan Xujiahe Group, through summary analyses about research progress of bit all over the world, with a combination of experimental approaches, study two types of M743GHI impregnated diamond bit. The research demonstrate:(1) Sichuan Xujiahe group exist the characters of poor drillability, severe soft and hard cross. (2) developing a new cylindrical drilling teeth, We make the natural diamond grinding components, and we make it martixed wtth cast tungsten carbide and synthetic single crystal diamond powder, and synthesis by hot press sintering process. A large number of experiments research demonstrate that the diamond parameters of this drilling tooth recommended the size of 70 to 80 mesh, 100% concentration of natural diamond as the best, the matrix formul recommended p as 2.0%, Mn as 1.0%, Ni as 15.4%, Co as 17.4%, Cu as 15.4%, cast tungsten carbide as 20.5%, WC as 27.6%, 0.7% forsynthetic single crystal diamond powder, then should be optimal ratio in abrasion.(3)M743GHI impregnated diamond bit with combined effects of cutting and grinding rock fragmenting, in soft formations with the cutting rock breaking role similar to PDC cutters , in hard and abrasive formation with the grinding rock breaking role . Achieve the high efficient rock breaking in hard and abrasive formation with impregnated diamond bit. Improve the ability of deep drilling. (4) Drill bench test showed that when the bit which mosaic new hot and press impregnated diamond drill tooth drill the quartz sandstone of the drillability extreme value of 9.2,the penetration rate reach to 1.38m / h , the wear rate was only 0.014mm / m, the bit with high breaking rocks efficiency and bit life.(5) In ma103# well, M743GHI-A achieve the footage: 13.01m, net drilling time: 11.56h, the average penetration rate: 1.12m / h. After starting the drill, cutting teeth to normal wear, outer diameter gage is better.
引文
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[2]刘伟,李丽,吴建忠.川西地区须家河组致密气藏钻井提速新思路[J].2009.3(2):34-36
[3]夏家祥.川西深井提速的实践与认识[J].钻采工艺,2009,32(6):1-4
[4]黄蕾蕾,薛启龙.国外钻头技术新进展[J].石油机械,2010,38(4):73-76
[5]申守庆,南继春.挑战钻井极限的国外新型钻头[J].国外油田工程,2001,17(8):40-43
[6]徐良.硬岩钻进用仿生耦合金刚石取心钻头研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2009
[7]侯芳.孕镶金刚石钻头国内外应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2010,5(2):21-23
[8]陈洪涛,黄继庆,腾惠婷.防涡PDC钻头的研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2010,3(2):76-78
[9]翟嵩,曹建.金刚石钻头国内外研究现状及发展趋势[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,20(1):19-20
[10]杨明合.PDC钻头技术新进展[J].2010,9(16):10-11
[11] Graham Mensa-Wilmot,Smith Bits-Geodiamond.Advanced cutting structure improves PDC bit performance in hard and abrasive drilling environments[J].SPE 81167,2003
[12] W.Cory West,Bryan J.Roy,Steven P.Knowles,Application of new impregnated diamond bit technology saves operator $2 million drilling southern Oklahoma well[J].SPE 87096,2004
[13] Dominc Murphy,Tullow oil plc, nick Tetley,Deepwater drilling in both hard and abrasive formations;the challenges of bit porimisation[J].SPE 128295,2010
[14] Randy Brown and Britney Meckfessel,Baker Hughes.Improving Marcellus shale performance using ODC bits with optimized torque management technology,cutting structure aggressiveness and unique roller cone steel tooth cutting structures[J].SPE 139102,2010
[15]朱澄清,杨迎新,廖忠会.川西须家河深层岩石力学性质及可钻性研究[J].2010,33(5):29-31
[16]陈平.钻井与完井工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005:11-13
[17]田云英,夏宏泉,张晶晶.川西深井钻头选型的测井参数灰色关联研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(3):30-32,48
[18]吴光琳,张祖培编译.钻进岩石破碎学[M].北京:地质出版社,1983:4-6
[19]长春地质学院编著.金刚石钻进技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1985:7-8
[20]赖海辉等.机械岩石破碎学[M].湖南:中南工业大学出版社,1991:8-13
[21] David K.Truax, Houston, Thomas Walter Oldham, The Woodlands. Drill bit having diamond impregnated inserts primary cutting structure[P].United States Patent:6394202B2,2002-5-28
[22] Michael G.Azar,The Woodlands,TX,Timothy Beaton.Drill bit with diamond impregnated cutter element[P]. United States Patent:7469757B2,2008-12-30
[23]郭铁峰,孙洪义,张祖培.热压金刚石工具胎体材料的先进设计方法-规划设计法[J].探矿工程,2002,6(3):41-43
[24]高科,张祖培,孙友宏。热机碎岩钻头摩擦元件材料研究[J]。矿冶工程,2005,25(2):41-43
[25]吴景华,张祖培.热机碎岩钻头胎体材料的试验研究[J].探矿工程,2007,34(21):19-21
[26]刘广志.金刚石钻探手册[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:12-15
[27]张锦,张乃恭.新型复合材料力学机理及其应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993:23-26
[28]郭铁峰.热压金刚石刀头胎体材料的规划设计法及其应用的研究[M].吉林大学博士论文,2003
[29]李子章,邓伟,杨凯华.热压铁基孕镶金刚石钻头的试验研究[J].探矿工程,2008,1(7):94-96
[30]李大佛,屠洪厚.金刚石、PDC钻头与工艺学[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:240-248
[31] Gregory T.Lockwood, Pearland,TX. Diamond impregnated bits and method of using and manufacturing the same[P]. United States Patent:2009/0283336 A1,2009-11-19
[32]张峰.提高人造金刚石孕镶钻头的质量方法探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2002,79(6):119
[33]刘文卿.实验设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:103-133
[34]常兆光,王清河.应用统计方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:107-112
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