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梯度折射率聚合物微球透镜的研究
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摘要
本工作研究一类具有梯度折射率(Gradient refractive index,GRIN)分布的高分子聚合物微球透镜。它是一种新型光学器件,主要依靠介质特殊的非均匀折射率分布实现各种光学功能,具有几何形状简单、体积小、光路短、重量轻、易于批量生产等特点,在微小光学、集成光学、光通讯中具有广泛的的应用前景。本工作对此种透镜的光学性能进行理论分析,选择两种适当聚合物单体利用悬浮扩散共聚的方法加工制备此类微球透镜,测量所得透镜的折射率分布曲线和其它光学参数,并对此种梯度折射率微球透镜的成像特性进行了评价。本论文对上述工作进行了总结和阐述。
     第一章 简要介绍梯度折射率光学器件、微小光学及高分子梯度折射率材料的发展和现状,以及本工作的研究内容和意义。
     第二章 介绍了一般球梯度折射率光学器件的光线理论,并以Maxwell鱼眼微球透镜模型为例研究球梯度微透镜在成像及光耦合方面的性能,显示此类透镜的应用前景。
     第三章 介绍应用悬浮扩散共聚法制备高分子GRIN透镜的机理,高分子材料的筛选、应用悬浮扩散共聚法制备GRIN微球透镜的工艺过程及对各种反应条件的控制。
     第四章 介绍对所制备的此种介质球透镜的透过率、不圆度等重要光学参数的测量。重点阐述利用剪切干涉技术测量微球透镜的折射率分布曲线的方法和测量结果。
     第五章 从测量所得折射率分布曲线出发,根据梯度介质球内光线传输的理论模型,用四阶runger-kutta方法进行光线追迹,计算了此种梯度球的纵横向球差等光学特性,给出所制作梯度折射率微球透镜成像性能的评价。
     第六章 对本课题研究所取得的成绩、存在的问题和下一步要做的工作做一简要总结和展望。
This work studies a kind of polymer gradient reflective index (GRIN) micro-sphere-lens. It is
    a new-type optics element, and its optical function is mainly achieved by the inhomogeneous reflective index distribution of the medium. It has such advantages ?simple geometric shape, small volume, short optical path, lightness in weight, easiness in producing by wholesale, etc. It has great potentialities in such fields as micro-optics, integrated optics and optics communication. We have completed the earlier stage research on theory analysis, fabricated the GRIN sphere lenses using two kind of monomer selected by suspension diffusion copolymerization method, measured their refractive index distribution curve and other optical parameters of them, and evaluated imaging quality on the basis of their distribution curve. This paper mainly elaborates these results in details.
    Chapter 1. Simply introduce the background knowledge of gradient index optics, micro-optics and polymer gradient index material. Besides, elaborate the contents and significance of the research.
    Chapter 2. An analysis is made on general optical character of spherical GRIN material and make an example of Maxwell fisheye lens model to elaborate the efficiency of imaging and coupling of the GRIN lens.
    Chapter 3. Elaborate the theoretics of making polymer GRIN micro-lens by means of suspension-diffusion-copolymerization, include monomer selection, the process of suspension diffusion copolymerization and the condition control of the chemosynthesis process.
    Chapter 4. Introduce the measurement of the common optics parameter of the medium lens, for example, light passing index, no-sphericity and so on, emphasize on the way and result of using shearing interferometric technique to measure the refractive index distribution curve of the micro-lens.
    Chapter 5. Based on the measured refractive index distribution curve, according as the theoretical model of light transmission in the GRIN medium, using quadrivalent Runger-Kutta method to carry out the light tracking, by this means the mainly imaging character index of the
    micro-lens such as foci, longitudinal and transverse spherical aberrations aberration etc is calculated.
    i.
    Chapter 6. A conclusion is made on the achievements in the finished work, the problems needing to be improved and the work must to do in the next step.
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