含吡啶取代基的三氮唑Cu（Ⅰ）配合物的合成、结构及性质研究
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摘要
本文的主要工作是合成了两个同质异构的含取代基三氮唑配体:3,5-2(4-吡啶基)三氮唑和3,5-2(3-吡啶基)三氮唑,在不同的反应条件下用含不同阴离子如卤素和拟卤素的铜盐与这些配体反应,成功的合成了多种超分子配位聚合物。这一工作的开展为功能配合物的设计合成提供了一些新的方法和思路。本论文一共分三章。
第一章首先简短的介绍配位聚合物的概念和进展,接着重点介绍三氮唑及其衍生物配合物的研究现状,配合物的超分子同分异构现象以及构筑手性配合物的方法,同时对本论文的选题意义及进展作了阐述。
第二章主要介绍了用3,5-2(4-吡啶基)三氮唑配体,在水/溶剂热的条件下,利用具有不同配位构型的辅助配体如卤素和拟卤素离子,成功的合成了从二维到三维,从非穿插到二重穿插再到自穿插,从非手性到手性的9种配位聚合物。其中,配合物2和7为双层的二维结构,且为同构,SCN~-和I~-起到相似的作用,都是以μ_3桥联的模式把两个单二维层连接起来形成双二维层,其余的配合物都为三维结构。配合物3,8和9为非穿插,4,5和6为二重穿插,1为自穿插的三维结构。除配合物4为手性外,全都为非手性的结构。
第三章主要介绍了用非手性的3,5-2(3-吡啶基)三氮唑配体和CuCN在THF溶剂中反应得到了一对手性(2D)/外消旋(3D)的超分子异构体,有趣的是,在两种配合物中,中心原子Cu(Ⅰ)具有相同的配位环境,其主要不同在于配体的三氮唑环和吡啶环的扭转角不同,也许正是这一原因导致了两种配合物的生成。值得注意的是实验结果不都是一致的,两种同时出现或者只有其中一种,即是说这一对共生的超分子异构体,其中的一种有时会消失,只得到纯的一种配合物,这是一个非常吸引人的实验现象,以期为现代晶体工程提供重要的信息,同时这为更好的了解晶体的成核和生长提供机会。手性配合物通过完全自发拆分的方式形成右手性的方块状晶体或者左手性的锥形状晶体,并且每次只能以一种形状出现。当用CuSCN代替CuCN,并用甲醇代替THF作溶剂时,得到了另一对共生的多形体,手性晶体为新的配合物,而外消旋晶体和上面得到的是一样的结构。
In this work, two isomeric triazole ligands, 3,5-di-3-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole and 3,5-di-3-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole, were synthesized. Using these ligands and transition-metal Cu(I) with various anions such as halogen and pseudohalogen as reactants, under different reactions, a series of supramolecular coordination polymers were constructed successfully and this may provides some new methods and thoughts in the controlled design of functional coordination complexes.
The thesis is divided into three chapters.
In the first chapter, the concept and research progress of coordination complexes were briefly introduced with the emphasis on the current survey of triazole and it's ramification coordination complex, the system of supramolecular isomerism/polymorphism, as well as the methods in the synthesis of chiral coordination complexes. At the end are presented the perspective and progress of this work.
In the second chapter, nine kinds of complexes (1-9), from 2D to 3D, from non-interpenetration, 2-fold interpenetration to 3D polyknotting, from racemic to chiral, were constructed successfully, under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions using 3,5-di-4-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole as ligands, halogen, pseudohalogen with various coordination geometry as assistant-ligands. Complexes 2 and 7 both are 2D double layer structures, and the structures are similar, SCN~- and I~- play the similar role, bothμ_3-bridge link two single-2D layer to form double-2D layer, all the other are 3D structures. Complexes 3, 8 and 9 are non-interpenetration, 4, 5 and 6 are 2-fold interpenetration and 1 is 3D polyknotting structures. Except the complex 4 is chiral, all the other are not.
In the third chapter, the reactions of achiral ligand 3,5-di-3-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole with CuCN in THF concomitant formation of chiral(2D)/racemic(3D) supramolecular isomers. Interestingly, in both crystals the Cu ions have the same coordination environments, and the different lies in the corresponding dihedral angles between the triazole ring and pyridyl rings. May be this is the factor results in two different crystals. It is to note that the final product is not always the same, both or just one of the two. That is one may disappear. This result is attracted and expected to afford important information for modern crystal engineering, and this is might an opportunity to gain a better fundamental understanding of crystal nucleation and growth. And the chiral one could appears with different shapes, taper one is left-handed, block is right-handed, through total spontaneous resolution. Each time just one shape could appear. When CuSCN was used instead of CuCN, and mechanol instead of THF, two concomitant polymorphs were found, chiral one is a new complex but the racemic one just is the above one.
第一章首先简短的介绍配位聚合物的概念和进展,接着重点介绍三氮唑及其衍生物配合物的研究现状,配合物的超分子同分异构现象以及构筑手性配合物的方法,同时对本论文的选题意义及进展作了阐述。
第二章主要介绍了用3,5-2(4-吡啶基)三氮唑配体,在水/溶剂热的条件下,利用具有不同配位构型的辅助配体如卤素和拟卤素离子,成功的合成了从二维到三维,从非穿插到二重穿插再到自穿插,从非手性到手性的9种配位聚合物。其中,配合物2和7为双层的二维结构,且为同构,SCN~-和I~-起到相似的作用,都是以μ_3桥联的模式把两个单二维层连接起来形成双二维层,其余的配合物都为三维结构。配合物3,8和9为非穿插,4,5和6为二重穿插,1为自穿插的三维结构。除配合物4为手性外,全都为非手性的结构。
第三章主要介绍了用非手性的3,5-2(3-吡啶基)三氮唑配体和CuCN在THF溶剂中反应得到了一对手性(2D)/外消旋(3D)的超分子异构体,有趣的是,在两种配合物中,中心原子Cu(Ⅰ)具有相同的配位环境,其主要不同在于配体的三氮唑环和吡啶环的扭转角不同,也许正是这一原因导致了两种配合物的生成。值得注意的是实验结果不都是一致的,两种同时出现或者只有其中一种,即是说这一对共生的超分子异构体,其中的一种有时会消失,只得到纯的一种配合物,这是一个非常吸引人的实验现象,以期为现代晶体工程提供重要的信息,同时这为更好的了解晶体的成核和生长提供机会。手性配合物通过完全自发拆分的方式形成右手性的方块状晶体或者左手性的锥形状晶体,并且每次只能以一种形状出现。当用CuSCN代替CuCN,并用甲醇代替THF作溶剂时,得到了另一对共生的多形体,手性晶体为新的配合物,而外消旋晶体和上面得到的是一样的结构。
In this work, two isomeric triazole ligands, 3,5-di-3-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole and 3,5-di-3-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole, were synthesized. Using these ligands and transition-metal Cu(I) with various anions such as halogen and pseudohalogen as reactants, under different reactions, a series of supramolecular coordination polymers were constructed successfully and this may provides some new methods and thoughts in the controlled design of functional coordination complexes.
The thesis is divided into three chapters.
In the first chapter, the concept and research progress of coordination complexes were briefly introduced with the emphasis on the current survey of triazole and it's ramification coordination complex, the system of supramolecular isomerism/polymorphism, as well as the methods in the synthesis of chiral coordination complexes. At the end are presented the perspective and progress of this work.
In the second chapter, nine kinds of complexes (1-9), from 2D to 3D, from non-interpenetration, 2-fold interpenetration to 3D polyknotting, from racemic to chiral, were constructed successfully, under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions using 3,5-di-4-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole as ligands, halogen, pseudohalogen with various coordination geometry as assistant-ligands. Complexes 2 and 7 both are 2D double layer structures, and the structures are similar, SCN~- and I~- play the similar role, bothμ_3-bridge link two single-2D layer to form double-2D layer, all the other are 3D structures. Complexes 3, 8 and 9 are non-interpenetration, 4, 5 and 6 are 2-fold interpenetration and 1 is 3D polyknotting structures. Except the complex 4 is chiral, all the other are not.
In the third chapter, the reactions of achiral ligand 3,5-di-3-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole with CuCN in THF concomitant formation of chiral(2D)/racemic(3D) supramolecular isomers. Interestingly, in both crystals the Cu ions have the same coordination environments, and the different lies in the corresponding dihedral angles between the triazole ring and pyridyl rings. May be this is the factor results in two different crystals. It is to note that the final product is not always the same, both or just one of the two. That is one may disappear. This result is attracted and expected to afford important information for modern crystal engineering, and this is might an opportunity to gain a better fundamental understanding of crystal nucleation and growth. And the chiral one could appears with different shapes, taper one is left-handed, block is right-handed, through total spontaneous resolution. Each time just one shape could appear. When CuSCN was used instead of CuCN, and mechanol instead of THF, two concomitant polymorphs were found, chiral one is a new complex but the racemic one just is the above one.
引文
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