高速公路网络中城镇可达性及其对区域物流的影响分析
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摘要
可达性是指某地对外联系的便捷程度,它反映一地交通成本的基本指标。城镇可达性是一个综合概念,它是由城镇在区域交通系统中的空间位置决定的,近几十年来,我国经济的稳步发展带动了高速公路的飞速增长。高速公路的快速发展对城镇可达性带来了深刻影响。因此,对高速公路网络中的城镇可达性进行分析具有重要意义。
本文以高速公路网络为研究背景,主要是针对镇在公路网络中的空间位置及空间关系进行研究。文章首先讨论了城镇可达性评价理论及其发展,明确了城镇可达性的的概念及内涵;其次归纳并总结了城镇可达性的评价方法,在此基础上确定了城镇可达性分析指标;然后探讨了各指标模型的构建过程,将经济及人口因素考虑到城镇可达性大小的计算之中,接着进一步讨论了在高速公路网络的背景下城镇可达性对区域物流发展的影响。
文章以湖南省省域内的30个地、县级城镇为研究对象,并选取1993年和2007年两个时间段进行数据计算分析对比,即在有无高速公路两种情况下对高速公路网络中的城镇可达性分析模型进行实证研究。研究结果表明,高速公路网络增强了区域内各主要城镇的联系,但同时也拉大了大城镇与中小城镇的可达性差距。
本文的研究是对新的交通环境下的主要城镇可达性进行分析,旨在对高速公路网络建设中的城镇发展规划及物流系统规划提供一定的指导意义。
Accessibility refers to a certain degree of external linkages and convenient, it is an indicator reflects the cost of a basic traffic. City accessibility is a comprehensive concept, which is determined by the spatial location in the regional transportation system. In recent decades, the rapid growth of expressway is droved by the steady advancement of China's economy. The rapid growth of expressway has brought profound influence to the city location. Therefore, it is very important and meaningful to analysis the city accessibility of expressway network.
Based on the background of expressway network, the main research work of the thesis is aim to the city space position and relation in the road network. At the first, the city location theory and its development are described, and the concept and the connotation of the city location and its conditions are cleared. Secondly, the evaluation standards of city accessibility analysis are induced and summarized. Based on these, the indexes of city accessibility analysis are confirmed. Then the construction processes of each index models are discussed. Economic and population factors are taken consideration into calculation of city accessibility, followed by further discussion of impact of city accessibility to the regional logistics development.
The empirical research of the city accessibility analysis model is made, taking 30 main cities of Hunan provinces as studied objects. Selected two time periods data of 1993 and 2007 for data analysis and comparison, an empirical research is carried out about analysis model of urban accessibility whether the expressway existed or not. The research result indicates that the comprehensive location advantage of every main city are enhanced by expressway network in the region, but the accessibility gaps between large city and medium-sized are enlarged at the same time.
The above research is an attempt to analysis the main city accessibility under the new traffic background, which hopes to provide certain instructional significance for the city development planning and the logistics system planning in the expressway network construction.
本文以高速公路网络为研究背景,主要是针对镇在公路网络中的空间位置及空间关系进行研究。文章首先讨论了城镇可达性评价理论及其发展,明确了城镇可达性的的概念及内涵;其次归纳并总结了城镇可达性的评价方法,在此基础上确定了城镇可达性分析指标;然后探讨了各指标模型的构建过程,将经济及人口因素考虑到城镇可达性大小的计算之中,接着进一步讨论了在高速公路网络的背景下城镇可达性对区域物流发展的影响。
文章以湖南省省域内的30个地、县级城镇为研究对象,并选取1993年和2007年两个时间段进行数据计算分析对比,即在有无高速公路两种情况下对高速公路网络中的城镇可达性分析模型进行实证研究。研究结果表明,高速公路网络增强了区域内各主要城镇的联系,但同时也拉大了大城镇与中小城镇的可达性差距。
本文的研究是对新的交通环境下的主要城镇可达性进行分析,旨在对高速公路网络建设中的城镇发展规划及物流系统规划提供一定的指导意义。
Accessibility refers to a certain degree of external linkages and convenient, it is an indicator reflects the cost of a basic traffic. City accessibility is a comprehensive concept, which is determined by the spatial location in the regional transportation system. In recent decades, the rapid growth of expressway is droved by the steady advancement of China's economy. The rapid growth of expressway has brought profound influence to the city location. Therefore, it is very important and meaningful to analysis the city accessibility of expressway network.
Based on the background of expressway network, the main research work of the thesis is aim to the city space position and relation in the road network. At the first, the city location theory and its development are described, and the concept and the connotation of the city location and its conditions are cleared. Secondly, the evaluation standards of city accessibility analysis are induced and summarized. Based on these, the indexes of city accessibility analysis are confirmed. Then the construction processes of each index models are discussed. Economic and population factors are taken consideration into calculation of city accessibility, followed by further discussion of impact of city accessibility to the regional logistics development.
The empirical research of the city accessibility analysis model is made, taking 30 main cities of Hunan provinces as studied objects. Selected two time periods data of 1993 and 2007 for data analysis and comparison, an empirical research is carried out about analysis model of urban accessibility whether the expressway existed or not. The research result indicates that the comprehensive location advantage of every main city are enhanced by expressway network in the region, but the accessibility gaps between large city and medium-sized are enlarged at the same time.
The above research is an attempt to analysis the main city accessibility under the new traffic background, which hopes to provide certain instructional significance for the city development planning and the logistics system planning in the expressway network construction.
引文
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[37] Breheny,M.J.(1978).“The Measurement of Spatial Opportunity in Strategic Planning.”Regional Studies 12,463-479
[38]陶海燕,徐永.广州市海珠区公共医疗卫生服务的公平性研究.经济地理. 2007,06 (4),52-55.
[39] Stewart,J.Q.,and W.Warntz(1958).“Macrogeography and Social Science.”GeographicalReview 48(2),167-184
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[42] Shen Q. Spatial technologies, accessibility, and the social construc-tion of urban spaceComputers, Environment and Urban Systems,1998,22 (5): 447-464
[43] Hagerstrand T. What about people in regional science Papers of the Regional Science Association, 1970(24):7-21
[44] Recker W W, Chen C, McNally M G. Measuring the impact of efficient household travel decisions on potential travel time saving and accessibility gains.Transportation Research A, 2001( 35)339-369
[45] O’Kelly M E, Horner M W. Aggregate accessibility to population at the county level: U.S. 1940-2000. Journal of Geographical Systems, 2003(5):5-23
[46] Kim, H. M. & Kwan, M. P.Space-time accessibility measures: A geocomputation alalgorithm with a focus on the feasible opportu-nity set and possible activity duration. Journal of Geographical Sys-tems, 2003(5):71-91
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[2] Gutierrez J,Gonzalez R,Gomez G.The European high–speed train network: Predictedeffects on accessibility patterns. Journal of Transport Geography, 1996,4(4):227-238.
[3] Vickerman R,Spiekerman K,Wegener M.Accessibility and Economic Developmentin Europe.Regional Studies,1999,33(1):1-15.
[4] O’Kelly M E,Horner M W.Aggregate accessibility to population at the county level:U.S.1940-2000. Journal of Geographical Systems,2003,5:5-23.
[5]Linneker B,Spence N.Accessibility measures compared in an analysis of the impact of the M25 London Orbital Motorway on Britain.Environment and Planning A,1992,24:1137-1154.
[6]Bowen J.Airline hubs in Southeast Asia:national economic development and nodal accessibility.Journal of Transport Geography,2000,8:25-41.
[7] Cross M,Nutley S.Insularity and accessibility:the small island communities of WesternIreland.Journal of Rural Studies,1999,15(3):317-330.
[8] Vickerman R.Location,accessibility and regional development: the appraisal of trans-European networks. Transport Policy,1996,2(4):225-234.
[9] Dodgson.JS.Motorway investment and sub-regional growth:the case of the M62. Regional Studies 1974,8:75-91.
[10] Botham.RW.The regional development effects of road investment. TransportationPlanning and Technology 1980,6:97-108.
[11] Sasaki K,Ohashi T,and Ando A.High–speed rail transit impact on regional systems:does the Shinkansen contribute to dispersion? The Annals of Regional Science,1997,31:77-98.
[12]陆大道.区域发展及其空间结构.北京:科学出版社,1999
[13]韩增林,尤飞,张小军.高速公路经济带形成演化机制与布局规划方法探讨.地理研究,2001,20(4):471-478.
[14]梁中.基于可达性的区域空间结构优化研究:[南京师范大学硕士学位论文].进.江苏::南京师范大学, 2002.
[15] Si-ming L,Yi-man S.Impact of the National Trunk Highway System on accessibility in China.Journal of Transport Geography, 2001,9:39-48.
[16]金凤君,王娇娥.20世纪中国铁路网扩展及其空间通达性.地理学报,2004, 59(2): 293-302
[17]王法辉,金凤君,曾光.中国航空客运网络的空间演化模式研究.地理科学, 2003,23(5):519-525.
[18]曹小曙,薛德升,阎小培.中国干线公路网络联结的城市通达性.地理学报, 2005,60(6):903-910.
[19]罗鹏飞,徐逸伦,张楠楠.高速铁路对区域可达性的影响研究-以沪宁地区为例.经济地理,2004,24(3):407-411.
[20]徐的,陆玉麒.高等级公路网建设对区域可达性的影响-以江苏省为例.经济地理,2004,24(6):830-833.
[21]吴威,曹有挥等.开放条件下长江三角洲区域的综合交通可达性空间格局.地理研究,2007,26(2):391-402.
[22]张兵.湖南公路网络演变的可达性评价.经济地理,2006,26(5):776-779.
[23] Hansen W G.How accessibility shapes land-use.Journal of the American Institute of Planners,1959,25:73-76.
[24] Bruinsma F、Rietveld P.(1971).“Some Theoretical Aspects of Accessibility- basedModels.”In Dynamic Allocation of Urban Traffic Models,edited by A.Karlqvist,L Lundqvist and F.Snickars,pp.71
[25] Schuermann C、Spieerkermann K、Wegener M(1954).Urban Traffic: A Function of Land Use,pp. 217, New York:Columbia University Press
[26] Martellato D、Nijkamp P,Wigan M R.Accessibility indicators for transport planning. Transportation Research A,1978(13):91-109.
[27] Johnston,R.J.(1994).Dictionary of Human Geography Third Edition,pp. Oxford: BasilBlackwell
[28] Burmeister A (September 1999),working Group 1.1: Geographical Position: "state of French art of spatial accessibility indicator”,SPESD-France,Working Paper.
[29] Kwan M P, Murray A T. Recent advances in accessibility re-search: Representation,methodology and applications. Geographi-cal Systems, 2003(5): 129-138
[30] Baxter,R.S.,and G.Leniz(1975).“The Measurement of Relative Accessibility.”Regional Studies 9,15-2
[31] Kirby,H.R.(1976).“Accessibility Indices for Abstract Road Networks.”RegionalStudies 10,479-482
[32] Vickerman R,Spiekerman K,Wegener M.Accessibility and EconomicDevelopmentin Europe[J].Regional Studies,1999,33(1):1-15.
[33] Taaffe,E.J.,and H.L.Gauthier(1973).Geography of Transportation, pp.226, Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall
[34] Muraco,W.A.(1972).“Intraurban Accessibility.”Economic Geography. 48, 388-405
[35] Wachs,M.,and J. G. Kumagai(1973).“Physical Accessibility as a Social Indicator”Socio-Economic Planning Sciences7,437-456
[36] Mitchell,C.G.B.,and S.W.Town(1977).“Accessibility of Various Social Groups toDifferent Activities.”In Supple- mentary Report 258, Transport and Road ResearchLaboratory,Crowthorne,Berks
[37] Breheny,M.J.(1978).“The Measurement of Spatial Opportunity in Strategic Planning.”Regional Studies 12,463-479
[38]陶海燕,徐永.广州市海珠区公共医疗卫生服务的公平性研究.经济地理. 2007,06 (4),52-55.
[39] Stewart,J.Q.,and W.Warntz(1958).“Macrogeography and Social Science.”GeographicalReview 48(2),167-184
[40] Hansen,W.G.(1959).“How Accessibility Shapes Land use.”Journal of the AmericanInstitute of Planners 25,73-76
[41]李平华,陆玉麒.城市可达性研究的理论与方法评述.城市问题, 2005,1:69-74.
[42] Shen Q. Spatial technologies, accessibility, and the social construc-tion of urban spaceComputers, Environment and Urban Systems,1998,22 (5): 447-464
[43] Hagerstrand T. What about people in regional science Papers of the Regional Science Association, 1970(24):7-21
[44] Recker W W, Chen C, McNally M G. Measuring the impact of efficient household travel decisions on potential travel time saving and accessibility gains.Transportation Research A, 2001( 35)339-369
[45] O’Kelly M E, Horner M W. Aggregate accessibility to population at the county level: U.S. 1940-2000. Journal of Geographical Systems, 2003(5):5-23
[46] Kim, H. M. & Kwan, M. P.Space-time accessibility measures: A geocomputation alalgorithm with a focus on the feasible opportu-nity set and possible activity duration. Journal of Geographical Sys-tems, 2003(5):71-91
[47] van Eck J R,de Jong T.Accessibility analysis and spatial competition effects in the context of GIS-supported service location planning.Computers, Environment and Urban systems,1999,23:75-89.
[48] Harvey,D.W.(1969).Explanation in geography,pp.431,London: Edward Arnold
[49] Talen E. The social equity of urban service distribution: An explo- ration of park access in Pueblo, Colorado, and Macon, Georgia. Urban Geography, 1997(6):521-541
[50] Wirasinghe S C, Ghoneim N S. Spacing of bus-stops for many to many travel demand .Transportation Science, 1981(15): 210-221
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