钢渣吸附处理废水的性能研究
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摘要
低廉、高效吸附材料的开发一直是吸附法处理废水中的一个研究热点。本文采用试验研究的方法，从影响钢渣吸附性能的因素入手，主要探索了钢渣对重金属离子的吸附性能、吸附机理，为开发利用钢渣作吸附剂提供了理论依据。
在钢渣吸附处理重金属离子的试验研究中，研究了钢渣细度、用量、接触时间、废水酸碱度、离子初始浓度及振荡转速等因素对pb~(2+)、Cr~(3+)去除效果的影响。试验表明，利用钢渣吸附处理含Cr~(3+)的废水，当浓度在400mg／l以内，吸附时间为50min，按铬／钢渣质量比为1／300投加钢渣时，废水可以一次性达标排放；处理含pb~(2+)的废水，当浓度在50—500mg／l之间，按铅／钢渣质量比为1／200投加钢渣，其去除率可达到94％以上；钢渣吸附重金属离子的pH适应范围广，在较宽的pH范围内对重金属离子具有稳定的去除率；与活性炭相比，钢渣对Cu~(2+)、pb~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Zn~(2+)的去除能力更强；其穿透曲线表明钢渣易被穿透。
在钢渣吸附有机物的试验研究中，研究了钢渣对苯酚和苯胺的吸附性能。试验表明：钢渣对苯胺的吸附能力远远大于钢渣对苯酚的吸附能力；改性后的钢渣对苯酚的去除能力有所提高，其去除能力与改性剂(CTMAB)的浓度有关。
钢渣的吸附机理复杂，其吸附选择性与吸附质在溶液中的存在形态、离子的电性、电价、离子半径等因素密切相关。钢渣吸附Cr~(3+)符合Freundlich方程，钢渣吸附Pb~(2+)符合Langmuir方程。
Development of an inexpensive and easily available adsorbent has been active in adsorption study. In this paper, the adsorption properties and adsorption mechanism were investigated by experiments, which may provide the theory bases the development of steel slag's adsorbent.
Based on the adsorption experiments of heavy metals onto steel slag , the effects on the adsorption of Pb2+> Cr3+ of many factors, such as the mesh of steel slag , pH, the absorbent's dosage, contact time and the initial ionic concentration were studied. The experimental results indicated that the steel slag had a high removal rate of Pb2\ Cr3+. For Cr3+, under the operation conditions that its initial concentration of Cr3+ was below 400mg/l, adsorption time was 50 minutes and the quality ratio of Cr3+ to steel slag equaled 1/300, the effluent could be effectively treated to fit in with the needs of national drainage standards. For wastewater containing Pb2+, its removal efficiency came up to 94%, under the conditions of 50?00mg/l of Pb2+, 1/200 of Pb2+/slag. In addition, the adsorption of heavy metals onto steel slag could adapt to wide pH. Comparing with activated carbon, the steel slag showed more high removal efficiency of Cu2\ Pb2\ Cr3+% Zn2+.
Based on the adsorption experiments of organic compounds, the adsorption of phenol and aniline onto steel slag were tested. The results showed that the steel slag had more high adsorptive efficiency for aniline than that for phenol. The steel slag modified by CTMAB demonstrated a good adsorption ability of phenol. The removal of phenol onto modified steel slag was related with the concentration of CTMAB .
The adsorption mechanism of steel slag was complicated and involved many forces, but the ion-exchange was the chief adsorption form. The steel slag can selectively adsorb some ions, which was relative to ionic charge, ionic radius and effective hydrated ionic radius. The adsorption process of Cr3+ met with Freundlich equation, and the adsorption process of Pb2+ met with Langmuir equation .
在钢渣吸附处理重金属离子的试验研究中，研究了钢渣细度、用量、接触时间、废水酸碱度、离子初始浓度及振荡转速等因素对pb~(2+)、Cr~(3+)去除效果的影响。试验表明，利用钢渣吸附处理含Cr~(3+)的废水，当浓度在400mg／l以内，吸附时间为50min，按铬／钢渣质量比为1／300投加钢渣时，废水可以一次性达标排放；处理含pb~(2+)的废水，当浓度在50—500mg／l之间，按铅／钢渣质量比为1／200投加钢渣，其去除率可达到94％以上；钢渣吸附重金属离子的pH适应范围广，在较宽的pH范围内对重金属离子具有稳定的去除率；与活性炭相比，钢渣对Cu~(2+)、pb~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Zn~(2+)的去除能力更强；其穿透曲线表明钢渣易被穿透。
在钢渣吸附有机物的试验研究中，研究了钢渣对苯酚和苯胺的吸附性能。试验表明：钢渣对苯胺的吸附能力远远大于钢渣对苯酚的吸附能力；改性后的钢渣对苯酚的去除能力有所提高，其去除能力与改性剂(CTMAB)的浓度有关。
钢渣的吸附机理复杂，其吸附选择性与吸附质在溶液中的存在形态、离子的电性、电价、离子半径等因素密切相关。钢渣吸附Cr~(3+)符合Freundlich方程，钢渣吸附Pb~(2+)符合Langmuir方程。
Development of an inexpensive and easily available adsorbent has been active in adsorption study. In this paper, the adsorption properties and adsorption mechanism were investigated by experiments, which may provide the theory bases the development of steel slag's adsorbent.
Based on the adsorption experiments of heavy metals onto steel slag , the effects on the adsorption of Pb2+> Cr3+ of many factors, such as the mesh of steel slag , pH, the absorbent's dosage, contact time and the initial ionic concentration were studied. The experimental results indicated that the steel slag had a high removal rate of Pb2\ Cr3+. For Cr3+, under the operation conditions that its initial concentration of Cr3+ was below 400mg/l, adsorption time was 50 minutes and the quality ratio of Cr3+ to steel slag equaled 1/300, the effluent could be effectively treated to fit in with the needs of national drainage standards. For wastewater containing Pb2+, its removal efficiency came up to 94%, under the conditions of 50?00mg/l of Pb2+, 1/200 of Pb2+/slag. In addition, the adsorption of heavy metals onto steel slag could adapt to wide pH. Comparing with activated carbon, the steel slag showed more high removal efficiency of Cu2\ Pb2\ Cr3+% Zn2+.
Based on the adsorption experiments of organic compounds, the adsorption of phenol and aniline onto steel slag were tested. The results showed that the steel slag had more high adsorptive efficiency for aniline than that for phenol. The steel slag modified by CTMAB demonstrated a good adsorption ability of phenol. The removal of phenol onto modified steel slag was related with the concentration of CTMAB .
The adsorption mechanism of steel slag was complicated and involved many forces, but the ion-exchange was the chief adsorption form. The steel slag can selectively adsorb some ions, which was relative to ionic charge, ionic radius and effective hydrated ionic radius. The adsorption process of Cr3+ met with Freundlich equation, and the adsorption process of Pb2+ met with Langmuir equation .
引文
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14.YangJun,,Study on activated carbon in chromium—containing wastewater treatment by XPS, Journal of Environmental Science, 1994(6)2: 173—179
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29．梅建庭，风化煤对废水中的Cr~(2+，3+)的吸附与解吸，材料保护，1999，32(8)：34—35
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38.Kay. L.Shutlleworth, Sorption of heavy metals to the filamentious bacterium Thiothrix Strain [J]. Appl—Enviorn microbial,1993,59(5):1274—1282
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2．张起菌，利用钢渣配料能耗锻烧熟料的试验研究，水泥，1998(9)：11—12
3．杨华明，张广业，钢渣资源化的现状与前景，矿产综合利用，1999：3．35
4．杨国清主编.,固体废物处理工程，科学出版社，2000．9
5．单志峰，固体钢渣处理技术与综合利用技术的发展分析，工业安全与防尘，2000
6．郑礼胜等，用钢渣处理含铬废水，材料保护，1999,32(5)：40—41
7．郑礼胜等，用钢渣处理含砷废水，化工环保，1996，16(2)：342—345
8．徐根良，陈雪明，废渣法处理酸性重金属废水技术研究——去除机理及反应动力学初探，水处理技术，1994，20(2)：116
9．张玉梅，含镉废水处理的试验研究，环境工程，1995，13(17)：15
10．车荣睿，大孔阳树脂催化合成苯乙酸酯，离子交换与吸附，1993，9(3)：276
11．叶一芳，富阳市造纸业固体废物污染现状及防治对策，环境污染与防治，1989，11(3)：34
12．杨晓玲，TA对印染废水处理效果的影响，环境污染与防治，1986，8(1)：23
13．张瑶等，活性炭对铅镉镍钴离子的吸附机理探讨，华西医科大学学报，1995,26(3)：322-325
14.YangJun,,Study on activated carbon in chromium—containing wastewater treatment by XPS, Journal of Environmental Science, 1994(6)2: 173—179
15．何争光等，铬镀废水的活性炭吸附机理探讨，郑州工业大学学报，1997,(18)1：65—69
16．何宏平等，蒙脱石等粘土矿物对重金属离子选择性的实验研究，矿物学报，1999,19(2)：231—235
17．何宏平等，可膨胀层状粘土矿物对铜离子吸附机理的模拟研究，环境科学，2000 21：47—51
18．赵元风等，海淡水中铜离子在麦饭石上的吸附研究，海洋环境科学，1994，13(1)：46—52
19．潘桃橹等，应用矿物学，武汉，武汉工业大学出版社，1993．9::106—108
20．孙胜龙等，非金属矿物修复环境机理研究现状，地球科学进展，1999，14(5)：475—481
21．雷国元，重金属离子的吸附剂的研究进展，国外金属矿选矿，2000(10)：2-6
22．陈鹏，壳聚糖水处理剂对Cr~(3+)废水的处理，工业水处理，2000，20(6)：16—19
23．杨洪，壳聚糖对重金属子的吸附行为，烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程报)，1999 12(4)
24．季君军，壳聚糖对Cu~(2+)吸附行为及机理研究，离子交换与吸附，1999．15(6)：511—517
25．孟祥和等，重金属废水处理，化学工业出版社，20001．3
26．李克斌等，重金属离子在腐殖酸上的吸附研究，环境污染与治理，1997．19(1)
27．夏畅斌等，磺化煤对重金属离子的吸附作用研究，材料保护，2000．33(8)19—21
28.Hu Jin—ling, The Removal of Cu2+,Zn2+and Pb2+ from solution by peat Journal of shenyang Institute of Chemical technology 1999,2:130—136
29．梅建庭，风化煤对废水中的Cr~(2+，3+)的吸附与解吸，材料保护，1999，32(8)：34—35
30．刘国光，粉煤灰吸附性能的研究，环境科学研究，1994,7(5)：62—64
31．卢素焕等，粉煤灰在废水处理中的应用，电力情报，1998,2：27—30
32．张建平，粉煤灰处理废水机理及应用，粉煤灰综合利用，1996,4：33—35
33．汤岳琴等，生物吸附研究进展，四川环境，2001，20(2)：12—17
34.Y.P.Ting,F.Lawson,et. Uptake of Cadmium and Zinc by the alga chlorella Vulgaris, Part l. Individual ion species[J]. Biotechnol.Bioeng 1991, 37:445—455
35.Y.P.Ting,et.Uptake of Cadmium and Zinc by the alga chlorella Vulgaris, Part 2 Multi—ion situation[J]. Biotechnol. Bioeng 1991, 37:445—455
36.Anders B.Norbeg,et. Accumulation of heavy—metal ion by Zooloea ramigera [J].Biotechnol. Bioeng 1984,26:239—246
37.L.J.Michel,et. Cadmium accumulation by immobilized cells of a citrobactor sp using various phosphate donors [J]. Biotechnol. Bioeng 1986,28:1358—1365
38.Kay. L.Shutlleworth, Sorption of heavy metals to the filamentious bacterium Thiothrix Strain [J]. Appl—Enviorn microbial,1993,59(5):1274—1282
39.M.D.Mullen,D.C.wolf, et. Bacterial sorption of heavy metals [J].Appl—Enviorn microbial, 1989,55(12) :3143—3149
40. G.M.Gadd,C.White. Removal of thorium from simulated process streams by fungal biomass. [J].J.chem.Tech. Biotechnol, 1992,55:39—44
41.Riclorde A.A Muzarelli,et.al Chelocting,film-forming and coagulation ability of the chitosanglocan copmplex from Aspergills niger Sndustrial waste [J] Biotechnol.bioeng.1980.22:885-896
42.Modak J.M,et.al Biosorption of copper and zinc using waste Aspergillus niger biomass [J].miner.metace.processing. 1900.285-289
43.B.volesky ,etal.codmium biosorption by sacharomycess cererisiate [J] .Biotechnol.Bioeng 1993.41.826-829
44.Chin-Pin Hung,etal,the remove of Ca from dilute aqueous solutions by saccharomyces cererisiae [J].wat.res 1988:433-439
45.Singletor l.Factors affecting silver biosorption by an industrial strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae [J] j.chen tech biotech, 1996.65:21-28
46.Z.R.Holan,B.Yolesky,etal.Biosorption of cadmium by biomass of marine algae[J].biotechnol, 1993,41:819-825
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