高层建筑结构抗风可靠性分析
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摘要
风荷载是高、大、细、长等柔性结构的重要设计荷载，有时甚至起到决定性作用，抗风设计是工程结构中的重要课题。风荷载和结构的设计参数具有明显的随机不确定性，因此从概率角度研究风荷载及风荷载作用下结构的静、动力响应是抗风设计的基本手段之一。本文以可靠度理论为基础，在广泛借鉴国内外同行研究成果的基础上，对结构风工程以及高层、高耸结构抗风分析的一些相关问题作了进一步的研究。研究主要内容包括以下几方面：
1 简要分析了基于短期原始风速记录确定设计风速的困难，将人工神经网络引入短期资料的风速估计，为只有短期风速资料的地区设计风速的确定提供了一种新方法。
2 基本风压与平均最大风速的平方成正比。为了确定在各种概率条件下最危险和最大的风速风压值，在原始风速记录资料基础上，最大风速概率分布函数以及对原始数据分析方法的选择起着决定的作用。本文提出了利用极值分布对原始数据进行统计时的一种改进方法。
3 基本风压是工程结构抗风设计中必须具有的基本数据，荷载规范提供的基本风压是在“标准地貌”下得到的，而实际建筑地点一般都不满足“标准条件”。实际工程设计中的基本风压多数是由基本风压按一定规律换算得来的。为了更合理地确定实际建造地点的基本风压，本文引入模糊数学思想，阐明了地面粗糙度指数的模糊性，利用模糊综合评判方法确定实际建造地点的地面粗糙度指数，从而进一步确定建造地的实际基本风压。
4 随着建筑高度的增加，以风荷载和地震作用为主的水平荷载影响越来越大，成为结构设计的决定性因素。高层建筑由于高度的增加，水平荷载影响急剧增加，使得结构侧移成为主要的控制指标。本文在一定的假设前提下，提出了高层建筑结构位移控制可靠性分析的模型。
5 风对高层、高耸结构的影响包括安全性和适用性两个方面。由于建筑高度的迅速增大、建筑结构体系的不断改进、以及大量轻质材料的使用等方面的因素，使得高层建筑结构越来越柔，再加上风作用频繁，就使得舒适度成为高层建筑设计和控制的重要因素，甚至是决定因素。本文基于我国《高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程》中关于人体舒适度验算的计算模型，给出了结构顺风向和横风向加速度响应的概率分布模型及统计参数。参考有关人体舒适度限值标准，对高层建筑结构的舒适度进行了可靠性及模糊可靠性分析。
6 建筑结构可靠度的计算是以所用到参数的名义值是真正的均值这个假设
摘要
为前提的，实际情况是它们可能很接近均值，也可能相差较多;所以按常规方
法求得的可靠度只是一个平均值。对于建筑结构来说，平均可靠度与实际可靠
度可能会有较大的差异。因此，有必要讨论在给定置信度下可靠度的置信区间
的确定方法，对结构可靠度提出一定的置信特性。本文给出了常见概率可靠度
计算模型置信区间的确定方法。
本文的研究工作由高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金“高层、高耸结构抗
风可靠度研究”〔98014124】及国家自然科学基金项目“工程结构生命全过程可靠
度研究”【59878008]联合资助。
Wind load is the important design load of flexible structure, and it is decisive sometimes, such as tall, big, slender, and long structures, etc. Wind resistance is the important subject matter in engineering structure. There is obvious random uncertainty in wind load and structure's design parameters, so it is a basic way in structure wind resistance design to study the wind load and the structure's wind-induced static or dynamic response from the probability point of view. Base on reliability theory and the domestic and international previous research works in the same field, some relevant works are further studied in wind engineering and the wind resistance design of tall building or high-rise structure. The major contents are summarized as follows:
1. Briefly analyse the difficulty that determine the design wind speed value based on short-term records, introduce the artificial neural networks into wind speed value estimate based on short-term records, and provide a new method to determine the design wind speed value in the district that only have short-term records.
2. Basic wind pressure is direct ratio to the basic wind speed value's square, so it is important to choose the probability distribution function and the analysis methods to determine the most dangerous and the maximum wind pressure (wind speed) with different probability base on original records. An improved method is brought forward using the extremum distribution to analyse the original records.
3. Fundamental wind pressure is the basic data in structural wind resistance design, the fundamental wind pressure provided by the Building Loading Code is obtained under the "standard conditions". The actual building's site condition is not coincides with the "standard conditions" commonly. It needs corresponding conversion with the standard fundamental wind pressure to get the actual fundamental wind pressure. In this paper, the author firstly illustrate the fuzzyness of the wind exposure categories and ground roughness, and then introduce the idea of fuzzy mathematics to determine the wind exposure categories and ground roughness exponent of actual building structural site using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and then to get the actual fundamental wind pressure.
4. The effect of horizontal load mainly including the wind load and seismic action becomes larger and larger with the building height increases, and make it become the decisive factor in structure design. The horizontal load influence increase sharply with the structure height increases, and make the structure sidesway become the important control index. A method is put forward to analyse the displacement control reliability of tall building under some suppose.
5. Wind influence on tall building (high-rise structure) includes security and applicability. It makes the tall building flexible more and more as more aspects, such as the height increases rapidly, the structure system improves, more and more gentle
material application, etc., and wind affects more continually. So it makes the human comfortableness become the important factor and even more determinant. Based on the human comfort calculating model of Technical Specification for Steel Structure of Tall Buildings in China, the probability distribution model and statistic parameters of the maximum acceleration of the peak along-wind, across-wind were presented here. Stochastic reliability and fuzzyness reliability analysis models of tall buildings are advised in this paper based on some criteria for human comfortableness.
6. The conventional probability confidence level calculation of building structure is based on the hypothesis that the nominal values are the genuine mean values of all used parameters. In fact, they may be very close to the mean values and they may be very discrepancy too. So the confidence level calculated by the book method only one mean value, and it needs to discuss the confidence interval calculation method of the confidence level under given degree of confidence, to give some con
1 简要分析了基于短期原始风速记录确定设计风速的困难，将人工神经网络引入短期资料的风速估计，为只有短期风速资料的地区设计风速的确定提供了一种新方法。
2 基本风压与平均最大风速的平方成正比。为了确定在各种概率条件下最危险和最大的风速风压值，在原始风速记录资料基础上，最大风速概率分布函数以及对原始数据分析方法的选择起着决定的作用。本文提出了利用极值分布对原始数据进行统计时的一种改进方法。
3 基本风压是工程结构抗风设计中必须具有的基本数据，荷载规范提供的基本风压是在“标准地貌”下得到的，而实际建筑地点一般都不满足“标准条件”。实际工程设计中的基本风压多数是由基本风压按一定规律换算得来的。为了更合理地确定实际建造地点的基本风压，本文引入模糊数学思想，阐明了地面粗糙度指数的模糊性，利用模糊综合评判方法确定实际建造地点的地面粗糙度指数，从而进一步确定建造地的实际基本风压。
4 随着建筑高度的增加，以风荷载和地震作用为主的水平荷载影响越来越大，成为结构设计的决定性因素。高层建筑由于高度的增加，水平荷载影响急剧增加，使得结构侧移成为主要的控制指标。本文在一定的假设前提下，提出了高层建筑结构位移控制可靠性分析的模型。
5 风对高层、高耸结构的影响包括安全性和适用性两个方面。由于建筑高度的迅速增大、建筑结构体系的不断改进、以及大量轻质材料的使用等方面的因素，使得高层建筑结构越来越柔，再加上风作用频繁，就使得舒适度成为高层建筑设计和控制的重要因素，甚至是决定因素。本文基于我国《高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程》中关于人体舒适度验算的计算模型，给出了结构顺风向和横风向加速度响应的概率分布模型及统计参数。参考有关人体舒适度限值标准，对高层建筑结构的舒适度进行了可靠性及模糊可靠性分析。
6 建筑结构可靠度的计算是以所用到参数的名义值是真正的均值这个假设
摘要
为前提的，实际情况是它们可能很接近均值，也可能相差较多;所以按常规方
法求得的可靠度只是一个平均值。对于建筑结构来说，平均可靠度与实际可靠
度可能会有较大的差异。因此，有必要讨论在给定置信度下可靠度的置信区间
的确定方法，对结构可靠度提出一定的置信特性。本文给出了常见概率可靠度
计算模型置信区间的确定方法。
本文的研究工作由高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金“高层、高耸结构抗
风可靠度研究”〔98014124】及国家自然科学基金项目“工程结构生命全过程可靠
度研究”【59878008]联合资助。
Wind load is the important design load of flexible structure, and it is decisive sometimes, such as tall, big, slender, and long structures, etc. Wind resistance is the important subject matter in engineering structure. There is obvious random uncertainty in wind load and structure's design parameters, so it is a basic way in structure wind resistance design to study the wind load and the structure's wind-induced static or dynamic response from the probability point of view. Base on reliability theory and the domestic and international previous research works in the same field, some relevant works are further studied in wind engineering and the wind resistance design of tall building or high-rise structure. The major contents are summarized as follows:
1. Briefly analyse the difficulty that determine the design wind speed value based on short-term records, introduce the artificial neural networks into wind speed value estimate based on short-term records, and provide a new method to determine the design wind speed value in the district that only have short-term records.
2. Basic wind pressure is direct ratio to the basic wind speed value's square, so it is important to choose the probability distribution function and the analysis methods to determine the most dangerous and the maximum wind pressure (wind speed) with different probability base on original records. An improved method is brought forward using the extremum distribution to analyse the original records.
3. Fundamental wind pressure is the basic data in structural wind resistance design, the fundamental wind pressure provided by the Building Loading Code is obtained under the "standard conditions". The actual building's site condition is not coincides with the "standard conditions" commonly. It needs corresponding conversion with the standard fundamental wind pressure to get the actual fundamental wind pressure. In this paper, the author firstly illustrate the fuzzyness of the wind exposure categories and ground roughness, and then introduce the idea of fuzzy mathematics to determine the wind exposure categories and ground roughness exponent of actual building structural site using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and then to get the actual fundamental wind pressure.
4. The effect of horizontal load mainly including the wind load and seismic action becomes larger and larger with the building height increases, and make it become the decisive factor in structure design. The horizontal load influence increase sharply with the structure height increases, and make the structure sidesway become the important control index. A method is put forward to analyse the displacement control reliability of tall building under some suppose.
5. Wind influence on tall building (high-rise structure) includes security and applicability. It makes the tall building flexible more and more as more aspects, such as the height increases rapidly, the structure system improves, more and more gentle
material application, etc., and wind affects more continually. So it makes the human comfortableness become the important factor and even more determinant. Based on the human comfort calculating model of Technical Specification for Steel Structure of Tall Buildings in China, the probability distribution model and statistic parameters of the maximum acceleration of the peak along-wind, across-wind were presented here. Stochastic reliability and fuzzyness reliability analysis models of tall buildings are advised in this paper based on some criteria for human comfortableness.
6. The conventional probability confidence level calculation of building structure is based on the hypothesis that the nominal values are the genuine mean values of all used parameters. In fact, they may be very close to the mean values and they may be very discrepancy too. So the confidence level calculated by the book method only one mean value, and it needs to discuss the confidence interval calculation method of the confidence level under given degree of confidence, to give some con
引文
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