喜树人工复合群落目的活性物质定向培育的研究
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摘要
喜树和南方红豆杉体内分别含有抗癌活性成分——喜树碱和紫杉醇,是著名的抗癌树种,但其体内含量甚低,并且喜树和南方红豆杉又分别属于国家二级和一级保护植物,禁止采收野生种群,为满足市场的巨大需求,只能进行人工培植;根据喜树和南方红豆杉自然分布均属于山地植物和喜树阳性,南方红豆杉阴性的生物生态学特性,科学构建了喜树人工复合群落,不仅提高土地利用率,并且对于山地多农田少的浙江地区,能够少占用农用地,实现资源增量。由于喜树碱和紫杉醇分别是喜树和南方红豆杉的一种次生代谢产物,它们利用并受控于所处的生态环境条件,通过分析喜树和南方红豆杉的次生代谢特点和环境特点发现,环境干旱和光照强度能提高喜树碱和紫杉醇含量。符合植物生活史型理论中的C型理论。本文以植物生活史型中的C型理论作为指导,将喜树和南方红豆杉配置在一起,筛选出关键生态因子,对喜树和南方红豆杉人工复合群落进行定向培育。
根据喜树和南方红豆杉的生物生态学特性及其次生代谢特点,首先分别对喜树和南方红豆杉中喜树碱和紫杉醇含量变化及其生态条件的关系进行了筛选,结果表明喜树在全光照条件下,当水分条件干旱时能促进喜树碱含量增加,在相同条件下,光照强度越强,喜树碱含量越高。南方红豆杉随着光强的增强,紫杉醇含量提高,在同等条件下,水分条件越低,紫杉醇含量越高。根据上述结果,我们以喜树为建群种,以南方红豆杉为伴生种构建了喜树人工复合群落,设置了平地和坡地两种生态条件并且以人工单种群落作为对比,建成后对目的活性物质含量进行跟踪测试分析,结果表明:
在平地和坡地人工复合群落中,喜树碱平均含量为0.6‰和0.88‰,紫杉醇平均含量为0.15‰和0.18‰,坡地人工复合群落中的目的活性物质含量均高于平地,原因是在平地人工复合群落中,地势平缓,地表径流小,郁闭度是0.43,光照和土壤胁迫较小;而坡地中由于坡度大,排水良好,郁闭度是0.37,光照和土壤胁迫均大于平地。通过人工调控改善林分环境条件后的喜树碱和紫杉醇含量也呈现同样的规律。上述结果,应用植物生活史型理论进行划分,平地和坡地人工复合群落中的喜树分别属于V型和V型向VC型过渡,南方红豆杉属于V型和V型,人工调控改变环境条件后,平地、坡地喜树和南方红豆杉的生活史型分别属于V型、VC型、VC型、VC型,表明光照和干旱胁迫增强,促进喜树和南方红豆杉克隆生长,提高体内次生代谢物质积累。
本文首次应用植物生活史型理论,筛选了水分和光照关键生态因子,在平地和坡地进行种植,并进行了人工调控,属于自主创新型的研究,不仅为喜树和红豆杉高产培育提供了示范,还为山区农民改变传统种植结构、促进新农村建设提供了理论支持。
Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei which are the grade one and two national protected plant are famous species for anti-cancer,which contain anti-cancer active components,camptothecin and taxol,however,it is low content of their bodies.As the wild populations prohibited harvested,we have to cultivate the species to meet the huge market demands.According to the biological characteristics which they both belong to mountain plants and Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei are positive and negative respectively,artificial compound community is constructed scientifically,in which enhance land use,reduce occupation of agricultural land to achieve resource increment in Zhejiang area which has less farmland than mountains.
Due to camptothecin and taxol are secondary metabolites belonging to Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei respectively,they make up use and have been controlled by the conditions of the ecological environment.By analyzing the characteristics of secondary metabolites and environment of Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var. marei,we find that dry environment and light could improve the content of camptothecin and taxol.That meets the C-type theory in plant life theory.
This paper guided by the C-type theory in plant life theory,configures Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei together,and selects key ecological factors to conduct directive training for artificial compound community of Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei.
According to biological characteristics of secondary metabolites of Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei,variation of content of camptothecin and taxol belonging to Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei respectively and the relationship of their ecological conditions are monitored.The result shows that,in the full illumination conditions,camptothecin will be increased by dry conditions,and on the same conditions,the stronger the light intensity is,the higher the content of camptothecin increase. On the basis of the result,we take Camptotheca acuminate to build community,and take Taxus chinensis var.marei as companion species to build Camptotheca acuminate artificial compound community.We construct two ecological conditions of the plains and slopes and contrast artificial single species community cultivated plant.After construction,testing and analyzing the content of objective active substance,the result shows:
At flat and sloping field artificial compound community,the average content of camptothecin are 0.6%0 and 0.88%0,and the average content of taxol are 0.15‰and 0.18‰. The content of objective active substance at sloping field is higher than at flat.That is because the terrain of flat artificial compound community slopes gently,less runoff,0.43 canopy density,and less resistance of light and soil.However,at sloping field,on the base of sloping field,it has good drainage,canopy density is 0.37,and there is more resistance by light and soil than at flat.By controlling and changing stand environment condition,the content of camptothecin and taxol follows the same law.
According to plant life cycle forms theory,flat and sloping Camptotheca acuminate artificial compound communities belong to V style and V to VC style plant life cycle forms respectively,Taxus chinensis var.marei belongs to V and V style plant life cycle forms. Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei at fiat and sloping field belong to V style,VC style,VC style,VC style after treatment.It shows that the resistance gets more by light and dry conditions.The proportion of clone growth was increased after treatment.It improves the secondary metabolites.This paper uses plant life cycle forms theory,and selects the ecological factors of moisture and light,and cultivate plant at flat and sloping field with treatment.That is an innovative research.That helps farmers to change the plant construction and improve the theory of building new country.
根据喜树和南方红豆杉的生物生态学特性及其次生代谢特点,首先分别对喜树和南方红豆杉中喜树碱和紫杉醇含量变化及其生态条件的关系进行了筛选,结果表明喜树在全光照条件下,当水分条件干旱时能促进喜树碱含量增加,在相同条件下,光照强度越强,喜树碱含量越高。南方红豆杉随着光强的增强,紫杉醇含量提高,在同等条件下,水分条件越低,紫杉醇含量越高。根据上述结果,我们以喜树为建群种,以南方红豆杉为伴生种构建了喜树人工复合群落,设置了平地和坡地两种生态条件并且以人工单种群落作为对比,建成后对目的活性物质含量进行跟踪测试分析,结果表明:
在平地和坡地人工复合群落中,喜树碱平均含量为0.6‰和0.88‰,紫杉醇平均含量为0.15‰和0.18‰,坡地人工复合群落中的目的活性物质含量均高于平地,原因是在平地人工复合群落中,地势平缓,地表径流小,郁闭度是0.43,光照和土壤胁迫较小;而坡地中由于坡度大,排水良好,郁闭度是0.37,光照和土壤胁迫均大于平地。通过人工调控改善林分环境条件后的喜树碱和紫杉醇含量也呈现同样的规律。上述结果,应用植物生活史型理论进行划分,平地和坡地人工复合群落中的喜树分别属于V型和V型向VC型过渡,南方红豆杉属于V型和V型,人工调控改变环境条件后,平地、坡地喜树和南方红豆杉的生活史型分别属于V型、VC型、VC型、VC型,表明光照和干旱胁迫增强,促进喜树和南方红豆杉克隆生长,提高体内次生代谢物质积累。
本文首次应用植物生活史型理论,筛选了水分和光照关键生态因子,在平地和坡地进行种植,并进行了人工调控,属于自主创新型的研究,不仅为喜树和红豆杉高产培育提供了示范,还为山区农民改变传统种植结构、促进新农村建设提供了理论支持。
Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei which are the grade one and two national protected plant are famous species for anti-cancer,which contain anti-cancer active components,camptothecin and taxol,however,it is low content of their bodies.As the wild populations prohibited harvested,we have to cultivate the species to meet the huge market demands.According to the biological characteristics which they both belong to mountain plants and Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei are positive and negative respectively,artificial compound community is constructed scientifically,in which enhance land use,reduce occupation of agricultural land to achieve resource increment in Zhejiang area which has less farmland than mountains.
Due to camptothecin and taxol are secondary metabolites belonging to Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei respectively,they make up use and have been controlled by the conditions of the ecological environment.By analyzing the characteristics of secondary metabolites and environment of Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var. marei,we find that dry environment and light could improve the content of camptothecin and taxol.That meets the C-type theory in plant life theory.
This paper guided by the C-type theory in plant life theory,configures Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei together,and selects key ecological factors to conduct directive training for artificial compound community of Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei.
According to biological characteristics of secondary metabolites of Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei,variation of content of camptothecin and taxol belonging to Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei respectively and the relationship of their ecological conditions are monitored.The result shows that,in the full illumination conditions,camptothecin will be increased by dry conditions,and on the same conditions,the stronger the light intensity is,the higher the content of camptothecin increase. On the basis of the result,we take Camptotheca acuminate to build community,and take Taxus chinensis var.marei as companion species to build Camptotheca acuminate artificial compound community.We construct two ecological conditions of the plains and slopes and contrast artificial single species community cultivated plant.After construction,testing and analyzing the content of objective active substance,the result shows:
At flat and sloping field artificial compound community,the average content of camptothecin are 0.6%0 and 0.88%0,and the average content of taxol are 0.15‰and 0.18‰. The content of objective active substance at sloping field is higher than at flat.That is because the terrain of flat artificial compound community slopes gently,less runoff,0.43 canopy density,and less resistance of light and soil.However,at sloping field,on the base of sloping field,it has good drainage,canopy density is 0.37,and there is more resistance by light and soil than at flat.By controlling and changing stand environment condition,the content of camptothecin and taxol follows the same law.
According to plant life cycle forms theory,flat and sloping Camptotheca acuminate artificial compound communities belong to V style and V to VC style plant life cycle forms respectively,Taxus chinensis var.marei belongs to V and V style plant life cycle forms. Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis var.marei at fiat and sloping field belong to V style,VC style,VC style,VC style after treatment.It shows that the resistance gets more by light and dry conditions.The proportion of clone growth was increased after treatment.It improves the secondary metabolites.This paper uses plant life cycle forms theory,and selects the ecological factors of moisture and light,and cultivate plant at flat and sloping field with treatment.That is an innovative research.That helps farmers to change the plant construction and improve the theory of building new country.
引文
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