我国农产品冷链运行模式研究
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摘要
我国是农业生产大国,国内外农产品贸易量十分巨大,并且随着我国经济的不断发展,居民食品消费支出不断提高,人们对农产品的需求也向多样化、快捷化方向发展,对于新鲜果蔬、禽畜肉制品、奶制品等的需求量逐年增加。我国传统的、粗放的农产品供应链越来越不能满足市场的要求,不但难以保证农产品的新鲜度、安全性,还在整个供应链运作过程中产生惊人的浪费,有将近1/3的农产品会在流通过程中腐败、变质。产生这些现象的主要原因在于国内的相关设备陈旧,物流运作和管理水平较低,没有形成科学的农产品供应链条,相关企业各自为战、协调不够,冷链体系不完善,生鲜农产品冷链运输的比例偏低,直接导致农产品在流通过程中损耗严重,食品安全事故频发。
本文对国内、国外多种农产品供应链模式进行分析、总结,将在工业领域引起生产管理变革的精益思想、供应商管理库存等理念融入农产品冷链的建设中,从整体上重新设计农产品冷链。以精益思想指导农产品冷链发展的目的在于最大限度的精简掉不创造价值的环节,使整个链条更加顺畅,降低流通成本,减少投机炒作的机会,使价格能够真正反映市场供求变化并指导农民生产。在工业生产中,供应商管理库存模式可以极大地减少物流耗费的时间和降低成本,并且及时满足客户对于产品的需求。面对我国现有农产品冷链企业规模较小,无法单独承担供应商的全部职能,本文创造性的将供应商职能提炼为库存功能和信息管理功能并分别由相应企业承担。为了保护农户的利益,本文将农产品的交易方式设定为拍卖制度,因为只有保证了农户的合理利益才能在源头上减少农药超标等有害农产品被生产出来。
China is a great power in producing agricultural products, and its volume for agricultural trade is dramatic. Also, with the constantly development of the economic in China, the resident's food expense is increased, the demand for agricultural products is developed towards a multiple and fast way, and the demand for fresh fruits, vegetables, meat products and dairy products is gradually raised. However, the supply chain of agricultural products which is traditional and extensive cannot satisfy the growing market. More specific, such a chain neither guarantees the safty and freshness for agricultural products, nor save the cost. According to the relative data, almost nearly one-third agricultural products goes bad in circulation process. Reasons for the phenomenon are as follow:obsolete equipment, low-level logistics and management, unscientific agricultural supply chain,inconsistent companies and low-rate cold-chain transport rate.
This paper aims to redesign agricultural cold chain. To realize the target, the paper will analyse and summarize different domestic and foreign agricultural supply chain models, then blend Lean Thought (LT) and Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) into agricultural cold-chain construction. The purposes of using LT are to cut links which can't create value, make the whole chain more smooth, reduce circulation costs and decrease speculating opportunity, so that price can truely reflect the relationship between supply and demand, then guide peasants production. As for industrial production, VMI can greatly reduce logistics time and cost and meet customer demand in time. Facing with small scale of agricultural cold-chain enterprises and incapability for undertaking all the functions of supplier alone, this paper creatively refine the function of supplier as stock and management. In order to protect the interests of farmers, this paper defines agricultural transaction mode as an auction, because only guarantee rationale benefit can reduce harmful agricultural productions from headstream.
本文对国内、国外多种农产品供应链模式进行分析、总结,将在工业领域引起生产管理变革的精益思想、供应商管理库存等理念融入农产品冷链的建设中,从整体上重新设计农产品冷链。以精益思想指导农产品冷链发展的目的在于最大限度的精简掉不创造价值的环节,使整个链条更加顺畅,降低流通成本,减少投机炒作的机会,使价格能够真正反映市场供求变化并指导农民生产。在工业生产中,供应商管理库存模式可以极大地减少物流耗费的时间和降低成本,并且及时满足客户对于产品的需求。面对我国现有农产品冷链企业规模较小,无法单独承担供应商的全部职能,本文创造性的将供应商职能提炼为库存功能和信息管理功能并分别由相应企业承担。为了保护农户的利益,本文将农产品的交易方式设定为拍卖制度,因为只有保证了农户的合理利益才能在源头上减少农药超标等有害农产品被生产出来。
China is a great power in producing agricultural products, and its volume for agricultural trade is dramatic. Also, with the constantly development of the economic in China, the resident's food expense is increased, the demand for agricultural products is developed towards a multiple and fast way, and the demand for fresh fruits, vegetables, meat products and dairy products is gradually raised. However, the supply chain of agricultural products which is traditional and extensive cannot satisfy the growing market. More specific, such a chain neither guarantees the safty and freshness for agricultural products, nor save the cost. According to the relative data, almost nearly one-third agricultural products goes bad in circulation process. Reasons for the phenomenon are as follow:obsolete equipment, low-level logistics and management, unscientific agricultural supply chain,inconsistent companies and low-rate cold-chain transport rate.
This paper aims to redesign agricultural cold chain. To realize the target, the paper will analyse and summarize different domestic and foreign agricultural supply chain models, then blend Lean Thought (LT) and Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) into agricultural cold-chain construction. The purposes of using LT are to cut links which can't create value, make the whole chain more smooth, reduce circulation costs and decrease speculating opportunity, so that price can truely reflect the relationship between supply and demand, then guide peasants production. As for industrial production, VMI can greatly reduce logistics time and cost and meet customer demand in time. Facing with small scale of agricultural cold-chain enterprises and incapability for undertaking all the functions of supplier alone, this paper creatively refine the function of supplier as stock and management. In order to protect the interests of farmers, this paper defines agricultural transaction mode as an auction, because only guarantee rationale benefit can reduce harmful agricultural productions from headstream.
引文
[1]MBA智库百科,供应链库存管理,http://wiki.mbalib.com
[2][4][5][6][7][8]孙宁烨,基于精益思想的食品冷链物流研究,交通运输工程学院,2008年
[3][13]MBA智库百科,价值流,http://www.mbalib.com
[9]国家发展与改革委员会经济运行局,南开大学现代物流研究中心主编.中国现代物流发展报告(2005年).北京.机械工业出版社.2005.370-371
[10]宁波市工商行政管理局,日本农产品批发市场考察报告,2007-11-14
[11]黄勇、易法海、杨平,国外农产品物流模式及其经验借鉴,社会主义研究,2007年第03期
[12]陈素敏、冯静、陈志敏,构建果蔬农产品冷链物流信息系统的难度分析
[14][15]师经昊,供应链环境下精益物流管理研究P16
[16]叶海燕,我国农产品冷链物流现状分析及优化研究,西南交通大学物流学院,610031
[17][18][19][20][21][22]孙宁烨,基于精益思想的食品冷链物流研究,交通运输工程学院,2008年
[23]王凯等,中国农业产业链管理的理论与实践研究,中国农业出版社,2004年
[24]黄祖辉、刘东英,我国生鲜蔬菜物流体系研究—制度、组织与交易效率,浙江大学出版社,2007年
[25]唐纳德.J.鲍尔索克斯、戴维.J.克劳斯,林国龙等,物流管理—供应链过程的一体化,机械工业出版社,1999年
[26]丁俊发,中国物流,中国物资出版社,2002年
[27]牛若峰、夏英,农业产业化经营的组织方式和运行机制,北京大学出版社,2000年
[28]王凯、韩纪琴,农业产业链管理的初探,中国农村经济,2002—05
[29]杨晓楼,“第三方物流参与果蔬冷链运作的探讨”,物流技术,2007-03-15
[30]陈素敏、冯静、陈志敏,“构建果蔬农产品冷链物流信息系统的难点分析”,北华航天工业学院学报,2009-04-28
[31]向丽,“关于加快我国农产品冷链物流标准化建设的思考”,标准科学,2009-04-16
[32]刘敏、谢晶、姜利红,“基于HACCP体系管理的蔬菜冷链物流质量安全问题的发生机理分析”,农产品加工(学刊),2007-11-20
[33]仝新顺,“基于过程控制的食品冷链管理探索”,商品储运与养护,2007-10-15
[34]黄向荣、谢如鹤,“基于熵权灰色关联的食品冷链物流企业绩效评价”,广州大学学报(自然科学版),2009-08-15
[35]赵玉国,“冷链物流,重在“链”的建设”,物流技术,2008-10-15
[36]Woods, E.1999. Supply chain management. ACIAR Postharvest Technology Internal Workshop No.20, Canberra,1-2 December.6 p.
[37]Hobbs, J.E.1996. A transaction cost approach to supply chain management. Supply Chain Mgt 1(2):15-17.
[38]Blank, S.C.1998. The end of agriculture in the American portfolio.Quorum Books. Westport, Conn, USA.232 p.
[2][4][5][6][7][8]孙宁烨,基于精益思想的食品冷链物流研究,交通运输工程学院,2008年
[3][13]MBA智库百科,价值流,http://www.mbalib.com
[9]国家发展与改革委员会经济运行局,南开大学现代物流研究中心主编.中国现代物流发展报告(2005年).北京.机械工业出版社.2005.370-371
[10]宁波市工商行政管理局,日本农产品批发市场考察报告,2007-11-14
[11]黄勇、易法海、杨平,国外农产品物流模式及其经验借鉴,社会主义研究,2007年第03期
[12]陈素敏、冯静、陈志敏,构建果蔬农产品冷链物流信息系统的难度分析
[14][15]师经昊,供应链环境下精益物流管理研究P16
[16]叶海燕,我国农产品冷链物流现状分析及优化研究,西南交通大学物流学院,610031
[17][18][19][20][21][22]孙宁烨,基于精益思想的食品冷链物流研究,交通运输工程学院,2008年
[23]王凯等,中国农业产业链管理的理论与实践研究,中国农业出版社,2004年
[24]黄祖辉、刘东英,我国生鲜蔬菜物流体系研究—制度、组织与交易效率,浙江大学出版社,2007年
[25]唐纳德.J.鲍尔索克斯、戴维.J.克劳斯,林国龙等,物流管理—供应链过程的一体化,机械工业出版社,1999年
[26]丁俊发,中国物流,中国物资出版社,2002年
[27]牛若峰、夏英,农业产业化经营的组织方式和运行机制,北京大学出版社,2000年
[28]王凯、韩纪琴,农业产业链管理的初探,中国农村经济,2002—05
[29]杨晓楼,“第三方物流参与果蔬冷链运作的探讨”,物流技术,2007-03-15
[30]陈素敏、冯静、陈志敏,“构建果蔬农产品冷链物流信息系统的难点分析”,北华航天工业学院学报,2009-04-28
[31]向丽,“关于加快我国农产品冷链物流标准化建设的思考”,标准科学,2009-04-16
[32]刘敏、谢晶、姜利红,“基于HACCP体系管理的蔬菜冷链物流质量安全问题的发生机理分析”,农产品加工(学刊),2007-11-20
[33]仝新顺,“基于过程控制的食品冷链管理探索”,商品储运与养护,2007-10-15
[34]黄向荣、谢如鹤,“基于熵权灰色关联的食品冷链物流企业绩效评价”,广州大学学报(自然科学版),2009-08-15
[35]赵玉国,“冷链物流,重在“链”的建设”,物流技术,2008-10-15
[36]Woods, E.1999. Supply chain management. ACIAR Postharvest Technology Internal Workshop No.20, Canberra,1-2 December.6 p.
[37]Hobbs, J.E.1996. A transaction cost approach to supply chain management. Supply Chain Mgt 1(2):15-17.
[38]Blank, S.C.1998. The end of agriculture in the American portfolio.Quorum Books. Westport, Conn, USA.232 p.