轧制与冷却路径对Q460特厚板组织性能的影响
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摘要
随着国内各宽厚板生产线的陆续投入生产,以及国家提出的将国内宽厚板生产线建设成世界高、精、尖精品材生产基地的计划进入实施阶段,各中厚板企业都在加大高附加值产品的研制和生产。在大型化和高效化施工的要求下,采用一块大单重特宽特厚钢板,可以减少焊缝。特厚板的用途非常广泛,使用量最大的是管线和船舰,其次是锅炉容器、压力容器、化学反应合成塔、重油高温高压脱硫装置、水电涡轮、桥梁、机器基座及部件、兵器、模具、装甲及建筑构件等方面。本文研究工作结合首秦金属材料有限公司高强低合金结构钢特厚板研发课题进行。主要工作如下：
1.在MMS-300热模拟试验机上进行了Q460钢未变形及变形量为0.4的热模拟试验,分别绘制了900℃未变形及变形条件下的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,对不同条件下的金相显微组织进行了分析。通过研究发现随着冷却速度的增加,γ→a的相变点随之降低,先共析铁素体晶粒尺寸随着冷却速度的增加逐渐细化。奥氏体变形明显细化了铁素体晶粒,增加了铁素体的百分含量,使组织分布更加均匀,同时加速了铁素体的相变过程。奥氏体变形促进了Q460钢的相变,使相变温度升高,CCT曲线想左上方移动。
2.进行了实验室热轧试验,实验钢组织分析表明,两阶段控轧和直接轧制得到的组织均为铁素体+珠光体。轧制方式对实验钢板的拉伸和冲击性能影响不大,冷却方式对其影响较大,水冷钢板比空冷钢板的屈服强度和抗拉强度提高了约60MPa。
3.对试验钢板析出物进行了EDS成分分析：析出物有TiN、TiC、Nb(CN)、VN,析出顺序为：TiN、TiC、Nb(CN)、VN；先析出的TiN由于粒度较大,对提高材料性能的贡献不大,后析出的细小碳氮化物阻止了奥氏体晶粒长大,细化了组织,提高了试验钢的强度和韧性。
4.对实验钢进行了正火处理,虽然使钢板强度有所下降,但显著提高了实验钢的低温冲击韧性,-20℃冲击功提高了150J以上。使其达到了国标Q460D要求。冲击断口扫描分析,试验钢经正火处理后-20℃冲击断口为韧性断裂。
5.通过Q460(100mm)特厚板工业试验研究,确定了适合于首秦进行Q460C特厚板轧制的工艺路线,采用两阶段控轧,粗轧开轧温度大于1050℃,待温厚度为160mm,精轧开轧温度890±10℃,终轧温度820-850℃,终冷温度为600-660℃,冷却速度5-7℃/s。并在此基础上进行了Q460D级以上特厚板的轧制工艺设计。
With the widen and heavy plate production lines putting into produce gradually, as well as proposed by the state that build the widen and heavy plate production lines into the world's high-grade, quality timber production basement plans into implementation stage, the plate enterprises are increasing high value-added plates' research and production. As the request of large-scale and efficient construction, using a large single-wide respecial extra-thick steel plate can reduce the weld. The use of extra-thick steel plate is widespread, it is mainly used on pipelines and ships, and it is also widely used on Boiler containers, pressure vessels, chemical synthesis tower, high temperature and high pressure fuel oil desulfurization unit, hydropower turbines, bridges, machinery and components base, weapons, mold, armor, and building components and so on.The research of this paper is under the background of the Shouqin Metal Material Co. Ltd. HSLA structural steel extra-thick steel plate R & D issue. The main work and results are as follows:
1.The experiments of Q460 steel were made at the MMs-300 thermo-mechanical simulator in austenite without deformation and 40% compressive deformation with different deformation pass. The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves were constructed in austenite without deformation and 40% compressive deformation at 900℃. Microstructure in different conditions were analysised. From the research, it was found that as the cooling rate increase, the y→a phase transformation point reduced, and also refined the first eutectoid ferrite grain size.The austenite deformation obviously refined ferrite crystal grain, increased the ferrite percentage, and caused the organization to distribute more uniform, while accelerated the ferrite transformation. The austenite deformation promoted the Q460 steel transformation, increased the transformation temperature.
2. Laboratory experiments were carried out.Microstructure analysis of the test steel shows that with both two-stage controlled rolling and direct rolling craft,the organization are ferrite and pearlite. Rolling path has little effect on the tensile and impact properties of the tested steel, but cooling way obviously affects it, the water-cooling makes steel plate's yield strength and tensile strength enhance approximately 60MPa than that by air-cooling.
3. EDS analysis was carried out to precipitates of the test plate. It shows that the precipitates contain TiN, TiC, Nb (CN), VN, and the precipitated sequence is TiN, TiC, Nb(CN), VN. As the size of TiN particle first precipitated is larger,it make little contribution to inhance material properties, while because of the smaller size the latter precipitates (such as Nb(CN)) prevent austenite grain growth, refines the organization, and improves the strength and toughness of the test steel.
4. Normalizing experiments were carried out on the tested steel, it made the yield strength of steel reduced 60～80MPa, tensile strength lowered 90～100MPa, however, low-temperature impact toughness of steel was significantly improved,-20℃impact energy was increased more than 150J,made it reach to the national standard of Q460D. By SEM analysis to the impact of fracture at -20℃after normalizing ductile fracture.
5. Through industrial pilot to Q460 (100mm thick) steel, appropriate rolling craft route to Q460C (100mm thick) plate in the Shouqin is performed. Two stages controlled rolling is adopted, in which the first stage rolling starts above 1050℃, the thickness of temperature holding is 160mm, the second stage rolling starts at 890±10℃, the final rolling temperatures are 820～850℃; finish cooling temperature is 600～660℃, cooling rate is 5～7℃/s.
1.在MMS-300热模拟试验机上进行了Q460钢未变形及变形量为0.4的热模拟试验,分别绘制了900℃未变形及变形条件下的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,对不同条件下的金相显微组织进行了分析。通过研究发现随着冷却速度的增加,γ→a的相变点随之降低,先共析铁素体晶粒尺寸随着冷却速度的增加逐渐细化。奥氏体变形明显细化了铁素体晶粒,增加了铁素体的百分含量,使组织分布更加均匀,同时加速了铁素体的相变过程。奥氏体变形促进了Q460钢的相变,使相变温度升高,CCT曲线想左上方移动。
2.进行了实验室热轧试验,实验钢组织分析表明,两阶段控轧和直接轧制得到的组织均为铁素体+珠光体。轧制方式对实验钢板的拉伸和冲击性能影响不大,冷却方式对其影响较大,水冷钢板比空冷钢板的屈服强度和抗拉强度提高了约60MPa。
3.对试验钢板析出物进行了EDS成分分析：析出物有TiN、TiC、Nb(CN)、VN,析出顺序为：TiN、TiC、Nb(CN)、VN；先析出的TiN由于粒度较大,对提高材料性能的贡献不大,后析出的细小碳氮化物阻止了奥氏体晶粒长大,细化了组织,提高了试验钢的强度和韧性。
4.对实验钢进行了正火处理,虽然使钢板强度有所下降,但显著提高了实验钢的低温冲击韧性,-20℃冲击功提高了150J以上。使其达到了国标Q460D要求。冲击断口扫描分析,试验钢经正火处理后-20℃冲击断口为韧性断裂。
5.通过Q460(100mm)特厚板工业试验研究,确定了适合于首秦进行Q460C特厚板轧制的工艺路线,采用两阶段控轧,粗轧开轧温度大于1050℃,待温厚度为160mm,精轧开轧温度890±10℃,终轧温度820-850℃,终冷温度为600-660℃,冷却速度5-7℃/s。并在此基础上进行了Q460D级以上特厚板的轧制工艺设计。
With the widen and heavy plate production lines putting into produce gradually, as well as proposed by the state that build the widen and heavy plate production lines into the world's high-grade, quality timber production basement plans into implementation stage, the plate enterprises are increasing high value-added plates' research and production. As the request of large-scale and efficient construction, using a large single-wide respecial extra-thick steel plate can reduce the weld. The use of extra-thick steel plate is widespread, it is mainly used on pipelines and ships, and it is also widely used on Boiler containers, pressure vessels, chemical synthesis tower, high temperature and high pressure fuel oil desulfurization unit, hydropower turbines, bridges, machinery and components base, weapons, mold, armor, and building components and so on.The research of this paper is under the background of the Shouqin Metal Material Co. Ltd. HSLA structural steel extra-thick steel plate R & D issue. The main work and results are as follows:
1.The experiments of Q460 steel were made at the MMs-300 thermo-mechanical simulator in austenite without deformation and 40% compressive deformation with different deformation pass. The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves were constructed in austenite without deformation and 40% compressive deformation at 900℃. Microstructure in different conditions were analysised. From the research, it was found that as the cooling rate increase, the y→a phase transformation point reduced, and also refined the first eutectoid ferrite grain size.The austenite deformation obviously refined ferrite crystal grain, increased the ferrite percentage, and caused the organization to distribute more uniform, while accelerated the ferrite transformation. The austenite deformation promoted the Q460 steel transformation, increased the transformation temperature.
2. Laboratory experiments were carried out.Microstructure analysis of the test steel shows that with both two-stage controlled rolling and direct rolling craft,the organization are ferrite and pearlite. Rolling path has little effect on the tensile and impact properties of the tested steel, but cooling way obviously affects it, the water-cooling makes steel plate's yield strength and tensile strength enhance approximately 60MPa than that by air-cooling.
3. EDS analysis was carried out to precipitates of the test plate. It shows that the precipitates contain TiN, TiC, Nb (CN), VN, and the precipitated sequence is TiN, TiC, Nb(CN), VN. As the size of TiN particle first precipitated is larger,it make little contribution to inhance material properties, while because of the smaller size the latter precipitates (such as Nb(CN)) prevent austenite grain growth, refines the organization, and improves the strength and toughness of the test steel.
4. Normalizing experiments were carried out on the tested steel, it made the yield strength of steel reduced 60～80MPa, tensile strength lowered 90～100MPa, however, low-temperature impact toughness of steel was significantly improved,-20℃impact energy was increased more than 150J,made it reach to the national standard of Q460D. By SEM analysis to the impact of fracture at -20℃after normalizing ductile fracture.
5. Through industrial pilot to Q460 (100mm thick) steel, appropriate rolling craft route to Q460C (100mm thick) plate in the Shouqin is performed. Two stages controlled rolling is adopted, in which the first stage rolling starts above 1050℃, the thickness of temperature holding is 160mm, the second stage rolling starts at 890±10℃, the final rolling temperatures are 820～850℃; finish cooling temperature is 600～660℃, cooling rate is 5～7℃/s.
引文
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