冰激柔性锥体结构振动的试验研究
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摘要
随着海上工程活动不断向规模化发展,海冰对结构物作用的问题日益突出,冰区结构物的合理设计和安全运行越来越引起科技界和工程界的重视。锥体结构因其减小水平冰力的优势而成为寒区海洋工程的优选结构。工程实际中冰激锥体振动现象的发生对锥体动冰力的研究提出了强烈的需求,冰激锥体结构振动成为锥体冰力问题中一个重要的研究方向。
本篇论文以JZ20-2海区安装正倒锥组合体的导管架平台为工程背景,在天津大学冰工程实验室进行了冰激锥体振动的模型试验研究,获得了大量的数据,并取得了一定的成果。在本文中,通过对冰激锥体振动试验现象的观察、试验数据的分析,提出了双峰值的冰激锥体振动概化动冰力函数;通过对概化动冰力函数里第一冰力峰值和锥体静冰力里极值冰力的对比分析,提出结构柔性会造成第一冰力峰值小于极值冰力;通过对概化动冰力函数里第一冰力峰值和第二冰力峰值之比与径厚比及冰速之间关系的分析讨论,提出冰速对双峰值之比的影响不是很明显,而径厚比对双峰值之比的影响近似成线性,并给出了径厚比与双峰值之比之间的变化关系;给出了冰排断裂长度与冰厚之间的关系,获得了冰力周期的表达式;通过对大量试验数据的统计分析,确定了冰排对锥体的作用过程中,两次断裂过程的加载时间和卸载时间与冰力周期之间的比例关系,最终建立了冰激锥体振动的概化动冰力函数。
As ocean engineering is developing extensively, the affect of sea ice on structurebecomes important. Therefore, reasonable design and safe operation of structure incold region has gained more attention in both scientific and engineering area. Conicalstructure is a good choice in cold region because of its advantage in reducinghorizontal ice force. Ice induced cone vibration in the real life has brought a strongdemand in the research of dynamic ice force on conical structure and it has alsobecome an important direction in the research of ice force on the cone.
Using a jacket platform with up-bending and down-bending cone in the JZ20-2Sea field as the engineering background, this paper has studied ice-induced conevibration by the means of model test in the ice engineering laboratory of TianjinUniversity, gained a lot of data, and achieved some accomplishments. With theobservation of the test phenomena and the analysis of testing data, a two-peakice-induced cone vibration ice force function is proposed. By the comparison of firstpeak ice force in dynamic ice force and peak ice force in static ice force, theassumption that the flexibility of the structure will reduce the first peak ice force isprovided. The ratio between the first peak ice force and the second peak ice force iscompared with diameter/ice thickness ratio and ice speed. The result is ice speed haslittle effect on the ratio between two peak ice forces, while diameter/ice thicknessratio is almost linear to the ratio between two peak ice forces and the relation betweenthem is expressed in a formula. Meanwhile, the period of ice force is gained with thehelp of the relation between breaking length and ice thickness. Through statisticalanalysis of the testing data, the ratio between loading/unloading time in the twobreaking processes and ice force period is gained. With all the above conclusion, theice-induced cone vibration ice force function is finally determined.
本篇论文以JZ20-2海区安装正倒锥组合体的导管架平台为工程背景,在天津大学冰工程实验室进行了冰激锥体振动的模型试验研究,获得了大量的数据,并取得了一定的成果。在本文中,通过对冰激锥体振动试验现象的观察、试验数据的分析,提出了双峰值的冰激锥体振动概化动冰力函数;通过对概化动冰力函数里第一冰力峰值和锥体静冰力里极值冰力的对比分析,提出结构柔性会造成第一冰力峰值小于极值冰力;通过对概化动冰力函数里第一冰力峰值和第二冰力峰值之比与径厚比及冰速之间关系的分析讨论,提出冰速对双峰值之比的影响不是很明显,而径厚比对双峰值之比的影响近似成线性,并给出了径厚比与双峰值之比之间的变化关系;给出了冰排断裂长度与冰厚之间的关系,获得了冰力周期的表达式;通过对大量试验数据的统计分析,确定了冰排对锥体的作用过程中,两次断裂过程的加载时间和卸载时间与冰力周期之间的比例关系,最终建立了冰激锥体振动的概化动冰力函数。
As ocean engineering is developing extensively, the affect of sea ice on structurebecomes important. Therefore, reasonable design and safe operation of structure incold region has gained more attention in both scientific and engineering area. Conicalstructure is a good choice in cold region because of its advantage in reducinghorizontal ice force. Ice induced cone vibration in the real life has brought a strongdemand in the research of dynamic ice force on conical structure and it has alsobecome an important direction in the research of ice force on the cone.
Using a jacket platform with up-bending and down-bending cone in the JZ20-2Sea field as the engineering background, this paper has studied ice-induced conevibration by the means of model test in the ice engineering laboratory of TianjinUniversity, gained a lot of data, and achieved some accomplishments. With theobservation of the test phenomena and the analysis of testing data, a two-peakice-induced cone vibration ice force function is proposed. By the comparison of firstpeak ice force in dynamic ice force and peak ice force in static ice force, theassumption that the flexibility of the structure will reduce the first peak ice force isprovided. The ratio between the first peak ice force and the second peak ice force iscompared with diameter/ice thickness ratio and ice speed. The result is ice speed haslittle effect on the ratio between two peak ice forces, while diameter/ice thicknessratio is almost linear to the ratio between two peak ice forces and the relation betweenthem is expressed in a formula. Meanwhile, the period of ice force is gained with thehelp of the relation between breaking length and ice thickness. Through statisticalanalysis of the testing data, the ratio between loading/unloading time in the twobreaking processes and ice force period is gained. With all the above conclusion, theice-induced cone vibration ice force function is finally determined.
引文
[1] 丁德文,工程海冰学,北京:海洋出版社,1999,1～83
[2] 张方俭,我国的海冰,北京:海洋出版社,1986,47～61
[3] 杨国金,刘春厚,陈祥余等,正倒锥组合体现场破冰试验与分析,中国海上油气(工程),1992,4(3):33～37
[4] Yue Q J,Bi X J,Zhang T,Full-scale measurement on JZ20-2 platform,Proc. of symposium on ice,Beijing China:1996,282～298
[5] Hoikkanen,Juhani,Measurements and analysis of ice force against a conical offshore structure,Proc. of POAC,1985,3:1203～1220
[6] Ojima T,Matsushima Y,Yamashita S,Some Consideration on the designing of arctic structures,Proceedings of the International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium,1985,2:128～134
[7] Brown T G,Croasdale K R,Bruce J R,et al,Observations from the confederation bridge ice monitoring program,Proc. of the 8th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,1998,2:438～442
[8] 岳前进,毕祥军,于晓等,锥体结构的冰激振动与冰力函数,土木工程学报,2003,36(2):16～32
[9] 欧进萍,段忠东,肖仪清等,基于实测动冰力时程的海洋平台结构冰振反应分析,海洋工程,1999,17(2):70～78
[10] Croasdale K R,Ice forces on fixed rigid structures,CRREL Rep. 80-26,Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover N H:IAHR Working Group on Ice Forces,1980,34～106
[11] Ralston T D,Ice force design consideration for conical offshore structures, Proc. of POAC,1977,741～752
[12] Croasdale K R,Cammaert A B,A method for calculation of sheet ice loads on slope structures,IAHR Symposium on Ice,1994,874～885
[13] Li Yuanneng,Bazant Z P,Penetration fracture of ice plate: 2D analysis and size effect,Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1994,120(7):1481～1498
[14] 陈祖坪,陈式慧,锥面的冰荷载,工程力学,1999,16(6):82-92
[15] 李锋,岳前进,窄锥结构冰力分析,大连理工大学学报,2001,41(2):223～227
[16] 李锋,于晓,胡玉境等,冰排在锥面上的断裂长度,海洋工程,2002,20(4):63～77
[17] 李锋,岳前进,斜面结构冰荷载的动荷效应,力学与实践,2003,25:28～30
[18] 刘玉标,申仲翰,冰与结构的耦合振动模型,海洋工程,2000,18(4):1～12
[19] Frederking R,Schwarz J,Model test of ice forces on fixed and oscillating cones,Cold Regions Science and Technology,1982,6:61～72
[20] Sodhi D S,Morris C F,Cox G F N,Sheet ice forces on a conical structure: an experimental study,Proc. of POAC,1985,2:643～655
[21] Kato,Kazuyuki,Experimental studies of ice forces on conical structures,IAHR Symposium on Ice,1986,1:185～196
[22] Izumiyama Koh,Kitagawa Hiromitsu,Koyama Koichi,On the interaction between a conical structure and ice sheet,Proc. of POAC,1991,1:155～166
[23] Shi Qingzeng,Song An,Huang Yan,An experimental study of several issues regarding the ice force on conical structures,China Ocean Engineering,2002,16(4):561～568
[24] Matsuishi M,Ettema R,Dynamic behavior of a floating cable moored platform continuously impacted by ice floes,IIHR Report,1985
[25] Nixon W A,Ettema R,Matsuichi M,et al,Model study of a cable-moored platform in sheet ice,Proc. of OMAE,1989,4:459～468
[26] Karna Tuomo,Jochmann Peter,Maattanen Mauri,et al,Tests on dynamic ice-structure interaction,Proc. of OMAE,2003,3:823～829
[27] 孔令刚,林皋,冰激锥体振动物理模拟实验,海洋工程,2002,20(1):24～28
[28] Kaldjian,Movses J,Ice sheet failure against inclined and conical surfaces, Computers and Structures,1987,26(1-2):145～152
[29] Kato Kazuyuki,Izumiyama Koh,Simulation of ice loads on a conical shaped structure -comparison with experimental results , Proceeding of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,1997,2:360～367
[30] Wang Zhiguo,Muggeridge Derek B,Croasdale Ken R,Numerical simulation of ridge and sheet ice on a proposed faceted conical structure,Proc. of OMAE,1997,4:365～372
[31] Katsugari Kazuyuki,Kawasaki Tetsuro,Seto Hideyuki,et al,Distinct element simulation of ice-structure interaction,Proc. of the 8th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,1998,2:395～401
[32] Wang S,A dynamic model for breaking pattern of level ice by conical structures,Mechanical Engineering Series,2001,2:6～94
[33] 徐继祖,李维扬,汪克让,海洋工程结构动力分析,天津:天津大学出版社,1992,186～188
[34] 史庆增,宋安,海冰静力作用的特点及几种典型结构的冰力模型试验,海洋学报,1994,16(6):133～141
[35] Frederking R M W,Dynamic ice forces on an inclined structure,TRYDE P,Physics and Mechanics of Ice,Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1980,104～116
[36] Frederking R M W,Timco G W,Quantitative analysis of ice sheet failure against an inclined plane,Proceedings of OMAE,1985,160～169
[37] 国家石油和化学工业局,SY/T10031-2000,中华人民共和国海洋石油天然气行业标准,寒冷条件下结构和海管规划、设计和建造的推荐作法,2000-04-10
[38] Edwards R Y,Croasdale K R,Model experiments to determine ice forces on conical structures , Symposium of Applied Glaciology , International Glaciological Society,1976
[39] Hirayama K,Obara I,Ice forces on inclined structures,Proceeding of the 5th International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium,1986
[40] 刘延柱,陈文良,陈立群,振动力学,北京 :高等教育出版社,1998,58～60
[41] Yue Qianjin,Bi Xiangjun,Ice induced jacket structure vibration,Journal of Cold Regions Engineering,2000,14(2):81～92
[42] Lau M,An analysis of ice breaking pattern and ice piece size around sloping structures , Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,1999,199～207
[2] 张方俭,我国的海冰,北京:海洋出版社,1986,47～61
[3] 杨国金,刘春厚,陈祥余等,正倒锥组合体现场破冰试验与分析,中国海上油气(工程),1992,4(3):33～37
[4] Yue Q J,Bi X J,Zhang T,Full-scale measurement on JZ20-2 platform,Proc. of symposium on ice,Beijing China:1996,282～298
[5] Hoikkanen,Juhani,Measurements and analysis of ice force against a conical offshore structure,Proc. of POAC,1985,3:1203～1220
[6] Ojima T,Matsushima Y,Yamashita S,Some Consideration on the designing of arctic structures,Proceedings of the International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium,1985,2:128～134
[7] Brown T G,Croasdale K R,Bruce J R,et al,Observations from the confederation bridge ice monitoring program,Proc. of the 8th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,1998,2:438～442
[8] 岳前进,毕祥军,于晓等,锥体结构的冰激振动与冰力函数,土木工程学报,2003,36(2):16～32
[9] 欧进萍,段忠东,肖仪清等,基于实测动冰力时程的海洋平台结构冰振反应分析,海洋工程,1999,17(2):70～78
[10] Croasdale K R,Ice forces on fixed rigid structures,CRREL Rep. 80-26,Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover N H:IAHR Working Group on Ice Forces,1980,34～106
[11] Ralston T D,Ice force design consideration for conical offshore structures, Proc. of POAC,1977,741～752
[12] Croasdale K R,Cammaert A B,A method for calculation of sheet ice loads on slope structures,IAHR Symposium on Ice,1994,874～885
[13] Li Yuanneng,Bazant Z P,Penetration fracture of ice plate: 2D analysis and size effect,Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1994,120(7):1481～1498
[14] 陈祖坪,陈式慧,锥面的冰荷载,工程力学,1999,16(6):82-92
[15] 李锋,岳前进,窄锥结构冰力分析,大连理工大学学报,2001,41(2):223～227
[16] 李锋,于晓,胡玉境等,冰排在锥面上的断裂长度,海洋工程,2002,20(4):63～77
[17] 李锋,岳前进,斜面结构冰荷载的动荷效应,力学与实践,2003,25:28～30
[18] 刘玉标,申仲翰,冰与结构的耦合振动模型,海洋工程,2000,18(4):1～12
[19] Frederking R,Schwarz J,Model test of ice forces on fixed and oscillating cones,Cold Regions Science and Technology,1982,6:61～72
[20] Sodhi D S,Morris C F,Cox G F N,Sheet ice forces on a conical structure: an experimental study,Proc. of POAC,1985,2:643～655
[21] Kato,Kazuyuki,Experimental studies of ice forces on conical structures,IAHR Symposium on Ice,1986,1:185～196
[22] Izumiyama Koh,Kitagawa Hiromitsu,Koyama Koichi,On the interaction between a conical structure and ice sheet,Proc. of POAC,1991,1:155～166
[23] Shi Qingzeng,Song An,Huang Yan,An experimental study of several issues regarding the ice force on conical structures,China Ocean Engineering,2002,16(4):561～568
[24] Matsuishi M,Ettema R,Dynamic behavior of a floating cable moored platform continuously impacted by ice floes,IIHR Report,1985
[25] Nixon W A,Ettema R,Matsuichi M,et al,Model study of a cable-moored platform in sheet ice,Proc. of OMAE,1989,4:459～468
[26] Karna Tuomo,Jochmann Peter,Maattanen Mauri,et al,Tests on dynamic ice-structure interaction,Proc. of OMAE,2003,3:823～829
[27] 孔令刚,林皋,冰激锥体振动物理模拟实验,海洋工程,2002,20(1):24～28
[28] Kaldjian,Movses J,Ice sheet failure against inclined and conical surfaces, Computers and Structures,1987,26(1-2):145～152
[29] Kato Kazuyuki,Izumiyama Koh,Simulation of ice loads on a conical shaped structure -comparison with experimental results , Proceeding of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,1997,2:360～367
[30] Wang Zhiguo,Muggeridge Derek B,Croasdale Ken R,Numerical simulation of ridge and sheet ice on a proposed faceted conical structure,Proc. of OMAE,1997,4:365～372
[31] Katsugari Kazuyuki,Kawasaki Tetsuro,Seto Hideyuki,et al,Distinct element simulation of ice-structure interaction,Proc. of the 8th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,1998,2:395～401
[32] Wang S,A dynamic model for breaking pattern of level ice by conical structures,Mechanical Engineering Series,2001,2:6～94
[33] 徐继祖,李维扬,汪克让,海洋工程结构动力分析,天津:天津大学出版社,1992,186～188
[34] 史庆增,宋安,海冰静力作用的特点及几种典型结构的冰力模型试验,海洋学报,1994,16(6):133～141
[35] Frederking R M W,Dynamic ice forces on an inclined structure,TRYDE P,Physics and Mechanics of Ice,Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1980,104～116
[36] Frederking R M W,Timco G W,Quantitative analysis of ice sheet failure against an inclined plane,Proceedings of OMAE,1985,160～169
[37] 国家石油和化学工业局,SY/T10031-2000,中华人民共和国海洋石油天然气行业标准,寒冷条件下结构和海管规划、设计和建造的推荐作法,2000-04-10
[38] Edwards R Y,Croasdale K R,Model experiments to determine ice forces on conical structures , Symposium of Applied Glaciology , International Glaciological Society,1976
[39] Hirayama K,Obara I,Ice forces on inclined structures,Proceeding of the 5th International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium,1986
[40] 刘延柱,陈文良,陈立群,振动力学,北京 :高等教育出版社,1998,58～60
[41] Yue Qianjin,Bi Xiangjun,Ice induced jacket structure vibration,Journal of Cold Regions Engineering,2000,14(2):81～92
[42] Lau M,An analysis of ice breaking pattern and ice piece size around sloping structures , Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,1999,199～207
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