基于渤海石油平台的冰激振动监测及其应用
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摘要
冰区石油天然气的开发给我们带来了丰富的能源,但同时海冰,这种高纬度海域存
在的环境载荷,也给海上生产和作业带来的很大的影响。为此人们在海冰的物理力学性
质,海冰与结构相互作用,海冰数值模拟和预报等方面进行了大量的研究工作。
海洋结构在海冰作用下的剧烈振动,是对结构本身和其上生产设备的较大威胁,同
时也给工作人员的生活和身体健康也带来很大的危害。冰激振动下平台的动力响应是与
海冰类型、厚度、冰温、海冰流速、流向以及冰荷载的作用形式密切相关的。减少和防
止海冰灾害最有效的措施就是能对海冰的冰激力能做出准确,及时的报告。为此,工程
中迫切需要建立先进的海冰冰激振动测试系统,以便建立和确认海冰灾害预报模式,并
且对海冰灾害区的结构设计提供充分有利的依据。同时海冰观测是海冰冰激振动测试系
统重要组成部分,是海冰数值模拟和预报的基础,也是冰期海上生产中海冰管理的内容。
这其中,通过平台定点观测,可以获得比较详尽的海冰信息,为冰荷载分析、海冰数值
模拟和预报服务。
本文对海冰冰激振动测试系统作了一个详尽的介绍,并且对获得的数据进行了简要
的分析,最后基于ANSYS,对的海洋平台冰激振动作用下的动力响应进行了有限元分析,
并给出具体算例。
It brings abundant energy sources in cold sea's oil and natural gas exploitation, at the mean time, sea ice, one kind of environmental load exits in high latitude, plays an important role in the busywork and production in the sea-ice covered regions. As a result, a lot of research has been done on the physical and mechanical property of sea-ice itself, interaction between sea ice and offshore structure and sea ice numerical simulation and forecast for satisfied the ongoing engineering requirements.Offshore platform vibrates severely under the crashing and impacting of sea ice, which is a main danger to the security of the productive devices and the structure itself, also endangering the health and normal living of the staff. Obviously to evaluate exact and timely forecast of the stimulated ice force is an effective way to decrease and prevent sea ice disaster. The dynamic response of the platform caused by simulated sea ice is close related with ice type, ice thickness, ice temperature and the direction and velocity of the ice flow. So it is very necessary to establish an advanced measurement system about vibration caused by simulated sea ice, which can provide solid support for structural design in cold region and tell the mode of sea ice disaster. However, sea ice observation, as one of the key parts of the simulated sea ice vibrates measurement system, is not only the base of the ice numerical simulation and forecast but also contents of sea ice management in the ice period. Therefore the properties of sea ice can be obtained at large through fixed observation on the platform which can gain benefit for ice loadanalysis, sea ice numerical simulation and forecast.In this paper, an elaborate introduction about the vibration measurement system of Offshore structure that caused by sea ice have been given, also sample analysis of the obtained data, and the analysis of dynamic response of oil platform by Finite Element Method is delivered in the last including a concrete case solution based ANSYS.
在的环境载荷,也给海上生产和作业带来的很大的影响。为此人们在海冰的物理力学性
质,海冰与结构相互作用,海冰数值模拟和预报等方面进行了大量的研究工作。
海洋结构在海冰作用下的剧烈振动,是对结构本身和其上生产设备的较大威胁,同
时也给工作人员的生活和身体健康也带来很大的危害。冰激振动下平台的动力响应是与
海冰类型、厚度、冰温、海冰流速、流向以及冰荷载的作用形式密切相关的。减少和防
止海冰灾害最有效的措施就是能对海冰的冰激力能做出准确,及时的报告。为此,工程
中迫切需要建立先进的海冰冰激振动测试系统,以便建立和确认海冰灾害预报模式,并
且对海冰灾害区的结构设计提供充分有利的依据。同时海冰观测是海冰冰激振动测试系
统重要组成部分,是海冰数值模拟和预报的基础,也是冰期海上生产中海冰管理的内容。
这其中,通过平台定点观测,可以获得比较详尽的海冰信息,为冰荷载分析、海冰数值
模拟和预报服务。
本文对海冰冰激振动测试系统作了一个详尽的介绍,并且对获得的数据进行了简要
的分析,最后基于ANSYS,对的海洋平台冰激振动作用下的动力响应进行了有限元分析,
并给出具体算例。
It brings abundant energy sources in cold sea's oil and natural gas exploitation, at the mean time, sea ice, one kind of environmental load exits in high latitude, plays an important role in the busywork and production in the sea-ice covered regions. As a result, a lot of research has been done on the physical and mechanical property of sea-ice itself, interaction between sea ice and offshore structure and sea ice numerical simulation and forecast for satisfied the ongoing engineering requirements.Offshore platform vibrates severely under the crashing and impacting of sea ice, which is a main danger to the security of the productive devices and the structure itself, also endangering the health and normal living of the staff. Obviously to evaluate exact and timely forecast of the stimulated ice force is an effective way to decrease and prevent sea ice disaster. The dynamic response of the platform caused by simulated sea ice is close related with ice type, ice thickness, ice temperature and the direction and velocity of the ice flow. So it is very necessary to establish an advanced measurement system about vibration caused by simulated sea ice, which can provide solid support for structural design in cold region and tell the mode of sea ice disaster. However, sea ice observation, as one of the key parts of the simulated sea ice vibrates measurement system, is not only the base of the ice numerical simulation and forecast but also contents of sea ice management in the ice period. Therefore the properties of sea ice can be obtained at large through fixed observation on the platform which can gain benefit for ice loadanalysis, sea ice numerical simulation and forecast.In this paper, an elaborate introduction about the vibration measurement system of Offshore structure that caused by sea ice have been given, also sample analysis of the obtained data, and the analysis of dynamic response of oil platform by Finite Element Method is delivered in the last including a concrete case solution based ANSYS.
引文
[1] Melling, H. Detection of features in first-year pack ice by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) [J]. Oceanographic Literature Review Volume: 45, Issue: 9, September, 1998, pp. 1498.
[2] 岳前进,毕祥军,季顺迎,等.航海雷达识别与跟踪海冰试验[J].大连理工大学学 报,2000,40(4) :500-504.
[3] Strass V H. Measuring sea ice draft and coverage with moored upward looking sonar[M]. Deep Sea research Part Ⅰ: Oceanographic Research Papers 45, 795-818.
[4] A. P. Worby, P. W. Griffin. On the use of electromagnetic induction sounding to determine winter and spring sea ice thickness in the Antarctic [J]. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol., 1999, 29: 49-58.
[5] 朱元竞,李万彪,陈俊晔,等. GMS实时资料遥感海冰的研究[J].气象学 报,1997,55(3) :356-362.
[6] 李志军,张占海,董西路,等.北极海冰生消过程关键指标的观测新技术[J].自然科 学进展,2004,14(9) :1077-1080.
[7] 卢鹏,李志军,董西路,等.基于遥感影像的北极海冰厚度和密集度分析方法.[J]. 极地研究,2004,16(4) :317-323.
[8] A. P. Worby, P. W. Griffin., 1999. On the use of electromagnetic induction sounding to determine winter and spring sea ice thickness in the Antarctic. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol. 29 49-58
[9] Kovacs, A., and J.S. Holladay (1990) .Sea-ice thickness measurements using a small airborne electromagnetic sounding system. Geophysics, 55, 1327-1337.
[10] Kovacs, A., J. S. Holladay and C. J. Bergeron Jr (1995) . The footprint/altitude ratio for helicopter electromagnetic sounding sea-ice thickness: comparison of theoretical and field estimates. Geophysics, 60(2) , 374-380.
[11] Multala, J., Hautaniemi, H., Oksama, M., Lepparanta, M., Haapala, J., Herlevi, A., Riska, K., Lensu, M., 1996. An airborne electromagnetic system on a fixed aircraft for sea ice thickness mapping. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol. 24 355-373.
[12] Hass, C., 1998. Evaluations of ship-based electromagnetic-inductive thickness measurements of summer-sea ice in the Belling-shausen and Amundsen Seas, Antarctica. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol. 27 1-16.
[13] Hass, C., 1994. Ship-based electromagnetic determination of sea ice thickness . Report Series in geophysics, 28 . Department of geophysics , University of Helsinki .57-61.
[14] Kovacs, A., Holladay, J. S., 1990. Sea-ice thickness measurement using a small airborne electromagnetic sounding system. Geo-physics 55 10 , 1327 - 1337.
[15] Haas, C., K. -H. Rupp, A. Uuskallio (1999). Comparison of along track EM ice thickness profiles with ship performance data. In: POAC 99, Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions, Espoo, Finland, August 23-27, 1999. (Ed. by J. Tuhkuri & K. Riska), pp. 343-353, Helsinki University of Technology, Ship Laboratory, Vol. 1.
[16] Haas, C., Gerland, S., Eicken, H., Miller, H., 1997. Comparison of sea-ice thickness measurements under summer and winter conditions in the Arctic using a small electromagnetic induction device. Geophysics 62 (3), 749-757.
[17] Kovacs, A., Morey, R. M., 1991. Sounding sea ice thickness using a portable electromagnetic induction instrument. Geophysics. 56 (12), 1992-1998.
[18] Strass V. H., Measuring sea ice draft and coverage with moored upward looking sonars Deep Sea research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 45, 795-818.
[19] Strass V. H., and E. Fahrbach (1998). Temporal and regional variation of sea ice draft and coverage in the Weddell Sea obtained from Upward Looking Sonars. In: Antarctic Sea Ice: Physical Processes, Interactions and Variability. (Ed. by M. O. Jeffries), pp. 123-140, Antarctic Research Series, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 74, Washington.
[20] wards, Margo H., Davis, Roger B., Anderson, Robert M. Swath mapping the base of the arctic ice canopy. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol. 36 93-101. [16Goff, J. A. Quantitative analysis of sea ice draft 1. Methods for stochastic modeling . Journal of Geophysical Research , 100(C4), 1995, pp6993-7004.
[21] Goff, J. A., Stewart, W. K., Singh, H., Xiaoou, Tang. Quantitative analysis of sea ice draft 2. Application of stochastic modeling to intersecting topographic profiles. Journal of Geophysical Research , 100 (C4) , 1995, pp7005-7017.
[22] Haas, C., Peter J., (1999) . Continuous EM and ULS thickness profiling in SUPPORT of ice force measurements. In: POAC' 03, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions, Trondheim, Norway, June 16-19, 2003.
[23] Paulley T. A., Gehrig G. F., and Oswald G, K, A., Measurement of Arctic Sea Ice Using Impulse Radar . 19th annual OTC , Apr. 1987.
[24] Wadhams, P. ; Comiso, J. C. ; Prussen, E. The development of the Odden ice tongue in the Greenland Sea during winter 1993 from remote sensing and field observations . Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (C8) , 1996 , pp18213-18235
[25] Kwok, R., Nghiem, S. V., Yueh, S. H., Huynh, D. D. Retrieval of Thin Ice Thickness from Multifrequency Polarimetric SAR Data . Remote Sensing of Environment 51, 1995, pp361~374.
[26] Steffen, K., Heinrichs, J. Feasibility of sea ice typing with synthetic aperture radar (SAR): merging of Landsat thermatic mapper and ERS 1 SAR satellite imagery Journal of Geophysical Research 99(C11) , 1995 ,pp22413-22424.
[27] Rignot, E., Drinkwater, M. Winter sea ice mapping from multi-parameter synthetic aperture radar. J.Glacial.40(134) :31-45.
[28] Aeberl, F. M. L , Manore, E, M,. Mapping of sea ice and measuring of its drift using aircraft synthetic aperture radar images . Journal of Geophysical Research., 1984,84:1827-1835.
[29] 岳前进,毕祥军,季顺迎,张涛.航海雷达识别与跟踪海冰试验.大连理工大学学报 2000年04期
[30] A. K., Liu, Chich, Y. Peng, Weingartner," T. J. Ocean-ice interaction in the marginal ice zone using synthetic aperture radar imagery . Journal of Geophysical Research , 99 (C11) , 1994, pp22931-22400.
[31] 黄润恒,王强,金振刚.NOM卫星图像海冰参数的提取.中国遥感进展.香港:万 国学术出版社,1992. 306-311
[32] 许健民,肖乾广.NOAA卫星资料监测1991年江淮洪水.卫星技术报告第9220期 (1992. 11) .
[33] 李万彪,朱元竞,赵柏林.GMS红外通道实时资料遥感海冰的研究.北京大学学报 (自然科学版)1997年01期.
[34] Kuehnlw M R, Peeken H, Troeder C et al. The Toroidal Drive. Mechanical Engineering, 1981,103 (2) : 32-39.
[2] 岳前进,毕祥军,季顺迎,等.航海雷达识别与跟踪海冰试验[J].大连理工大学学 报,2000,40(4) :500-504.
[3] Strass V H. Measuring sea ice draft and coverage with moored upward looking sonar[M]. Deep Sea research Part Ⅰ: Oceanographic Research Papers 45, 795-818.
[4] A. P. Worby, P. W. Griffin. On the use of electromagnetic induction sounding to determine winter and spring sea ice thickness in the Antarctic [J]. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol., 1999, 29: 49-58.
[5] 朱元竞,李万彪,陈俊晔,等. GMS实时资料遥感海冰的研究[J].气象学 报,1997,55(3) :356-362.
[6] 李志军,张占海,董西路,等.北极海冰生消过程关键指标的观测新技术[J].自然科 学进展,2004,14(9) :1077-1080.
[7] 卢鹏,李志军,董西路,等.基于遥感影像的北极海冰厚度和密集度分析方法.[J]. 极地研究,2004,16(4) :317-323.
[8] A. P. Worby, P. W. Griffin., 1999. On the use of electromagnetic induction sounding to determine winter and spring sea ice thickness in the Antarctic. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol. 29 49-58
[9] Kovacs, A., and J.S. Holladay (1990) .Sea-ice thickness measurements using a small airborne electromagnetic sounding system. Geophysics, 55, 1327-1337.
[10] Kovacs, A., J. S. Holladay and C. J. Bergeron Jr (1995) . The footprint/altitude ratio for helicopter electromagnetic sounding sea-ice thickness: comparison of theoretical and field estimates. Geophysics, 60(2) , 374-380.
[11] Multala, J., Hautaniemi, H., Oksama, M., Lepparanta, M., Haapala, J., Herlevi, A., Riska, K., Lensu, M., 1996. An airborne electromagnetic system on a fixed aircraft for sea ice thickness mapping. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol. 24 355-373.
[12] Hass, C., 1998. Evaluations of ship-based electromagnetic-inductive thickness measurements of summer-sea ice in the Belling-shausen and Amundsen Seas, Antarctica. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol. 27 1-16.
[13] Hass, C., 1994. Ship-based electromagnetic determination of sea ice thickness . Report Series in geophysics, 28 . Department of geophysics , University of Helsinki .57-61.
[14] Kovacs, A., Holladay, J. S., 1990. Sea-ice thickness measurement using a small airborne electromagnetic sounding system. Geo-physics 55 10 , 1327 - 1337.
[15] Haas, C., K. -H. Rupp, A. Uuskallio (1999). Comparison of along track EM ice thickness profiles with ship performance data. In: POAC 99, Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions, Espoo, Finland, August 23-27, 1999. (Ed. by J. Tuhkuri & K. Riska), pp. 343-353, Helsinki University of Technology, Ship Laboratory, Vol. 1.
[16] Haas, C., Gerland, S., Eicken, H., Miller, H., 1997. Comparison of sea-ice thickness measurements under summer and winter conditions in the Arctic using a small electromagnetic induction device. Geophysics 62 (3), 749-757.
[17] Kovacs, A., Morey, R. M., 1991. Sounding sea ice thickness using a portable electromagnetic induction instrument. Geophysics. 56 (12), 1992-1998.
[18] Strass V. H., Measuring sea ice draft and coverage with moored upward looking sonars Deep Sea research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 45, 795-818.
[19] Strass V. H., and E. Fahrbach (1998). Temporal and regional variation of sea ice draft and coverage in the Weddell Sea obtained from Upward Looking Sonars. In: Antarctic Sea Ice: Physical Processes, Interactions and Variability. (Ed. by M. O. Jeffries), pp. 123-140, Antarctic Research Series, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 74, Washington.
[20] wards, Margo H., Davis, Roger B., Anderson, Robert M. Swath mapping the base of the arctic ice canopy. Cold Reigns Sci.Technol. 36 93-101. [16Goff, J. A. Quantitative analysis of sea ice draft 1. Methods for stochastic modeling . Journal of Geophysical Research , 100(C4), 1995, pp6993-7004.
[21] Goff, J. A., Stewart, W. K., Singh, H., Xiaoou, Tang. Quantitative analysis of sea ice draft 2. Application of stochastic modeling to intersecting topographic profiles. Journal of Geophysical Research , 100 (C4) , 1995, pp7005-7017.
[22] Haas, C., Peter J., (1999) . Continuous EM and ULS thickness profiling in SUPPORT of ice force measurements. In: POAC' 03, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions, Trondheim, Norway, June 16-19, 2003.
[23] Paulley T. A., Gehrig G. F., and Oswald G, K, A., Measurement of Arctic Sea Ice Using Impulse Radar . 19th annual OTC , Apr. 1987.
[24] Wadhams, P. ; Comiso, J. C. ; Prussen, E. The development of the Odden ice tongue in the Greenland Sea during winter 1993 from remote sensing and field observations . Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (C8) , 1996 , pp18213-18235
[25] Kwok, R., Nghiem, S. V., Yueh, S. H., Huynh, D. D. Retrieval of Thin Ice Thickness from Multifrequency Polarimetric SAR Data . Remote Sensing of Environment 51, 1995, pp361~374.
[26] Steffen, K., Heinrichs, J. Feasibility of sea ice typing with synthetic aperture radar (SAR): merging of Landsat thermatic mapper and ERS 1 SAR satellite imagery Journal of Geophysical Research 99(C11) , 1995 ,pp22413-22424.
[27] Rignot, E., Drinkwater, M. Winter sea ice mapping from multi-parameter synthetic aperture radar. J.Glacial.40(134) :31-45.
[28] Aeberl, F. M. L , Manore, E, M,. Mapping of sea ice and measuring of its drift using aircraft synthetic aperture radar images . Journal of Geophysical Research., 1984,84:1827-1835.
[29] 岳前进,毕祥军,季顺迎,张涛.航海雷达识别与跟踪海冰试验.大连理工大学学报 2000年04期
[30] A. K., Liu, Chich, Y. Peng, Weingartner," T. J. Ocean-ice interaction in the marginal ice zone using synthetic aperture radar imagery . Journal of Geophysical Research , 99 (C11) , 1994, pp22931-22400.
[31] 黄润恒,王强,金振刚.NOM卫星图像海冰参数的提取.中国遥感进展.香港:万 国学术出版社,1992. 306-311
[32] 许健民,肖乾广.NOAA卫星资料监测1991年江淮洪水.卫星技术报告第9220期 (1992. 11) .
[33] 李万彪,朱元竞,赵柏林.GMS红外通道实时资料遥感海冰的研究.北京大学学报 (自然科学版)1997年01期.
[34] Kuehnlw M R, Peeken H, Troeder C et al. The Toroidal Drive. Mechanical Engineering, 1981,103 (2) : 32-39.
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