长兴岛30万吨油码头平面布置与码头结构方案优化
摘要
在全球经济高速发展的今天,沿海港口船舶大型化趋势愈发明显。随着船舶大型化和数量的不断增多,全球经济大幅增长,港口建设也遭遇了新的挑战。近年来,随着深水码头、深水航道探索的不断深入,我国已建设了大量的开敞式深水码头,标志着船舶大型化、港口深水化、泊位离岸化的趋势正逐步走向巅峰。
长兴岛30万吨油码头工程位于大连市长兴岛西北部的北港区。本海区风、浪、流条件恶劣,且冰情严重,冰期长达90天,最大浮冰块水平尺度达2120m,厚度大于30cm。本文针对大连港长兴岛30万吨油码头工程实例,考虑泊稳因素的影响,并根据物理模型实验结果,分析船舶运动量、撞击能量以及系缆力的大小,对码头平面布置方案和兼顾船型(10万吨油船)布缆方案进行了优化。同时考虑浮冰的影响,在常规重力式圆沉箱结构上设抗冰锥体作为优化,并在重要结构应力、工程量、概算等方面进行了方案比较。本文对码头平面布置与码头主体结构的几种方案进行了深入的优化分析,为开敞式大型油品码头的设计提供了参考和借鉴。
With the rapid growth of global economy, the trend of upsizing ships at costal ports is gradually obvious. The construction of ports faces new challenges when the size and the number of ships are increasing. Recently, following the exploration of deepwater wharfs and deepwater lanes, China has constructed large numbers of open type deepwater wharfs. This marks that the trend of ship upsizing, deepwater ports and offshore berths is stepping to peak.
The300,000tons oil wharfs project of Changxing Island locates at north harbor district of northwestern island. The wind, wave and stream of this sea area are bad. What's more, the condition of ice is serious. The ice period lasts about90days. The maximize horizontal scale of floe is2120meters. The thickness of floe are more than30centimeters. This paper focuses on Dalian Changxing Island's300,000tons oil wharfs project and takes the effects of steadiness of porting into consideration. Then it introduces two programs on the wharf's plane layout. Subsequently, according to the experiment results of physical model, it analyzes the bombardment energy and the strength of heaving pile and optimizes the length of the berth. Meanwhile, considering the effects of floe, it proposes two wharf major structure programs consisting of conventional gravity type caisson structure and round caisson with cones resisting to ice. This paper make a thorough comparative analysis of the existing projects of the wharf's plane layout and major structure. It makes a reference to the design of the open type large oil wharf.
长兴岛30万吨油码头工程位于大连市长兴岛西北部的北港区。本海区风、浪、流条件恶劣,且冰情严重,冰期长达90天,最大浮冰块水平尺度达2120m,厚度大于30cm。本文针对大连港长兴岛30万吨油码头工程实例,考虑泊稳因素的影响,并根据物理模型实验结果,分析船舶运动量、撞击能量以及系缆力的大小,对码头平面布置方案和兼顾船型(10万吨油船)布缆方案进行了优化。同时考虑浮冰的影响,在常规重力式圆沉箱结构上设抗冰锥体作为优化,并在重要结构应力、工程量、概算等方面进行了方案比较。本文对码头平面布置与码头主体结构的几种方案进行了深入的优化分析,为开敞式大型油品码头的设计提供了参考和借鉴。
With the rapid growth of global economy, the trend of upsizing ships at costal ports is gradually obvious. The construction of ports faces new challenges when the size and the number of ships are increasing. Recently, following the exploration of deepwater wharfs and deepwater lanes, China has constructed large numbers of open type deepwater wharfs. This marks that the trend of ship upsizing, deepwater ports and offshore berths is stepping to peak.
The300,000tons oil wharfs project of Changxing Island locates at north harbor district of northwestern island. The wind, wave and stream of this sea area are bad. What's more, the condition of ice is serious. The ice period lasts about90days. The maximize horizontal scale of floe is2120meters. The thickness of floe are more than30centimeters. This paper focuses on Dalian Changxing Island's300,000tons oil wharfs project and takes the effects of steadiness of porting into consideration. Then it introduces two programs on the wharf's plane layout. Subsequently, according to the experiment results of physical model, it analyzes the bombardment energy and the strength of heaving pile and optimizes the length of the berth. Meanwhile, considering the effects of floe, it proposes two wharf major structure programs consisting of conventional gravity type caisson structure and round caisson with cones resisting to ice. This paper make a thorough comparative analysis of the existing projects of the wharf's plane layout and major structure. It makes a reference to the design of the open type large oil wharf.
引文
[1]惠凯.港口规划与区域经济[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[2]上海国际航运研究中心.全球港口发展报告(2011)[R].2012.
[3]大连市人民政府.大连港总体规划[R].2008.
[4]中华人民共和国.关于实施东北地区等老工业基地振兴战略的若干意见[R].2003.
[5]大连市人民政府.大连港长兴岛港区总体规划[R].2009.
[6]辽宁省人民政府.关于加快“五点一线”沿海经济带建设的若干意见[R].2008.
[7]大连理工大学土木建筑设计研究院有限公司.大连港长兴岛北港区控制性详细规划[R].2009.
[8]范英,姬强,朱磊,莫建雷.2011年国际原油市场走势分析与价格预测[J].中国科学院院刊,2011(01)：89-93.
[9]刘永青.中国长兴岛[M].沈阳：万卷出版社,2008.
[10]吴澎,姜俊杰.开敞式蝶形码头墩位平面布置的优化研究[J].水运工程,2006(10)：120-129.
[11]卢中一,吴丽华,陈志昌.开敞型海湾大型油码头平面布置优化研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1998(4)：379-387.
[12]成崇华,程培军.宁波港大榭岛30万t级油码头平面布置[J].港工技术,2009(6)：11-13.
[13]交通部天津水运工程科学研究所.大连长兴岛北港区波浪数学模型研究报告[R].2009.
[14]交通部天津水运工程科学研究所.大连港长兴岛北港区自然条件分析、潮位计算与潮流泥沙数学模型研究[R].2009.
[15]中华人民共和国交通部.《港口工程荷载规范》(JTS 144-1-2010) [S],人民交通出版社,2010.
[16]大连理工大学.长兴岛海冰调查分析报告[R].2006.
[17]郭子坚.港口规划与布置[M].人民交通出版社,2011.
[18]中华人民共和国交通部.《开敞式码头设计与施工技术规程》(JTJ 295-2000) [S],人民交通出版社,1999.
[19]中华人民共和国交通部.《液化天然气码头设计规范》(JTS165-5-2009) [S],人民交通出版社,1999.
[20]OCIMF. Mooring Equipment Guidelines [M]. Second Edition.1997.
[21]丁德文.工程海冰学概论[M].北京：海军出版社,1999.
[22]Arunachalam V. M., D. B. muggeridge. Ice pressures on vertical and sloping structures through dimensional analysis and similarity theory, Gold Regions Science and Technology[J],1993(21):231-245
[23]Bohon W. M., J. S. Weingarten. The calculation of ice forces on arctic structures[S]. Proc. Arctic'85, San Francisco,1985:456-464.
[24]毕祥军.JZ20-2平台冰载实测与分析[R].2006.
[25]史庆增,刘波,李勇,宋安.椎体上冰力试验研究[J],中国海上油气.2005(04)：41-44.
[26]季春群.抗冰结构物的设计探讨[J].中国海洋平台,1997(2)：51-54.
[27]穆森,朱浩,陈际丰.锥体抗冰结构在码头主体结构中的应用[J].水运工程,2010(9)：69-72.
[2]上海国际航运研究中心.全球港口发展报告(2011)[R].2012.
[3]大连市人民政府.大连港总体规划[R].2008.
[4]中华人民共和国.关于实施东北地区等老工业基地振兴战略的若干意见[R].2003.
[5]大连市人民政府.大连港长兴岛港区总体规划[R].2009.
[6]辽宁省人民政府.关于加快“五点一线”沿海经济带建设的若干意见[R].2008.
[7]大连理工大学土木建筑设计研究院有限公司.大连港长兴岛北港区控制性详细规划[R].2009.
[8]范英,姬强,朱磊,莫建雷.2011年国际原油市场走势分析与价格预测[J].中国科学院院刊,2011(01)：89-93.
[9]刘永青.中国长兴岛[M].沈阳：万卷出版社,2008.
[10]吴澎,姜俊杰.开敞式蝶形码头墩位平面布置的优化研究[J].水运工程,2006(10)：120-129.
[11]卢中一,吴丽华,陈志昌.开敞型海湾大型油码头平面布置优化研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1998(4)：379-387.
[12]成崇华,程培军.宁波港大榭岛30万t级油码头平面布置[J].港工技术,2009(6)：11-13.
[13]交通部天津水运工程科学研究所.大连长兴岛北港区波浪数学模型研究报告[R].2009.
[14]交通部天津水运工程科学研究所.大连港长兴岛北港区自然条件分析、潮位计算与潮流泥沙数学模型研究[R].2009.
[15]中华人民共和国交通部.《港口工程荷载规范》(JTS 144-1-2010) [S],人民交通出版社,2010.
[16]大连理工大学.长兴岛海冰调查分析报告[R].2006.
[17]郭子坚.港口规划与布置[M].人民交通出版社,2011.
[18]中华人民共和国交通部.《开敞式码头设计与施工技术规程》(JTJ 295-2000) [S],人民交通出版社,1999.
[19]中华人民共和国交通部.《液化天然气码头设计规范》(JTS165-5-2009) [S],人民交通出版社,1999.
[20]OCIMF. Mooring Equipment Guidelines [M]. Second Edition.1997.
[21]丁德文.工程海冰学概论[M].北京：海军出版社,1999.
[22]Arunachalam V. M., D. B. muggeridge. Ice pressures on vertical and sloping structures through dimensional analysis and similarity theory, Gold Regions Science and Technology[J],1993(21):231-245
[23]Bohon W. M., J. S. Weingarten. The calculation of ice forces on arctic structures[S]. Proc. Arctic'85, San Francisco,1985:456-464.
[24]毕祥军.JZ20-2平台冰载实测与分析[R].2006.
[25]史庆增,刘波,李勇,宋安.椎体上冰力试验研究[J],中国海上油气.2005(04)：41-44.
[26]季春群.抗冰结构物的设计探讨[J].中国海洋平台,1997(2)：51-54.
[27]穆森,朱浩,陈际丰.锥体抗冰结构在码头主体结构中的应用[J].水运工程,2010(9)：69-72.
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