破冰船破冰载荷与破冰能力计算方法研究
|
摘要
近年来,随着寒冷地带海洋石油资源的开发和极地科学考察的不断发展,破冰船肩负起开辟航道、极地救援、物资供给等重要任务。因此设计性能优越的破冰船越来越受到人们的关注。
由于海冰特性的复杂性和破冰船作业环境的特殊性,导致关于破冰船方面的理论研究进展缓慢,各国学者大都采用由实验得到的经验公式预报破冰船的运动和载荷。因此,人们越来越希望从理论上建立一套预报破冰船受到的冰载荷、船体运动响应以及破冰能力的方法。
基于上述背景,本文分别采用理论和数值仿真方法对以上问题进行了研究,主要研究工作如下：
1、在总结海冰的物理力学特性,分析海冰与破冰船相互作用的形式和破坏模式的基础上,根据弹性力学理论,建立了一种适合于工程计算的破冰载荷的理论方法。
2、考虑“连续式”破冰法下破冰载荷随时间的变化规律,建立破冰船三自由度运动方程,在时域范围内求解该方程得到破冰船的运动响应和破冰能力。
3、基于显式非线性有限元法的基本理论和关键技术,探索破冰船冲撞冰层的有限元数值仿真方法。
In recent years, with the increasing of the explotation of oil resources in cold regions and the development of polar scientific investigation, icebreaker has been used in some important tasks, such as waterway opening, polar rescue and material supply. Therefore, more and more emphasis is attached on the design of the icebreaker of superior performance.
Because of the complexity of ice characteristics and the particularity of the icebreaker operating environments, which leads that the theory research on icebreaker developed very slowly, and empirical formulas which were obtained by experiments are used to predict the motion and ice loads of icebreakers by scholars in different countries now. Therefore, a theoretical method is expected to be established to predict the ice loads of icebreakers, the ship motion response and the ice-breaking capability.
Based on the background mentioned above, both the theoretical and the numerical simulation methods are applied to research on the problem mentioned above. The main research contents are as follows,
1. Based on summing up the physical and mechanical properties of the sea ice and analyzing the form of interaction between sea ice and icebreakers and the failure mechanism of the sea ice, a theoretical method for ice-breaking loads which is suitable for engineering calculations is established according to the elasticity theory.
2. Considering the variation of the ice loads with time under the "continuous" ice-breaking, the 3-DOF motion equation of an icebreaker is established. Then, the motion response and ice-breaking capability of icebreakers are obtained by solving the equation in the time domain.
3. Based on the basic principle and the key technique of explicit nonlinear finite element method, a finite numerical simulation method of icebreaker ice collision is explored.
由于海冰特性的复杂性和破冰船作业环境的特殊性,导致关于破冰船方面的理论研究进展缓慢,各国学者大都采用由实验得到的经验公式预报破冰船的运动和载荷。因此,人们越来越希望从理论上建立一套预报破冰船受到的冰载荷、船体运动响应以及破冰能力的方法。
基于上述背景,本文分别采用理论和数值仿真方法对以上问题进行了研究,主要研究工作如下：
1、在总结海冰的物理力学特性,分析海冰与破冰船相互作用的形式和破坏模式的基础上,根据弹性力学理论,建立了一种适合于工程计算的破冰载荷的理论方法。
2、考虑“连续式”破冰法下破冰载荷随时间的变化规律,建立破冰船三自由度运动方程,在时域范围内求解该方程得到破冰船的运动响应和破冰能力。
3、基于显式非线性有限元法的基本理论和关键技术,探索破冰船冲撞冰层的有限元数值仿真方法。
In recent years, with the increasing of the explotation of oil resources in cold regions and the development of polar scientific investigation, icebreaker has been used in some important tasks, such as waterway opening, polar rescue and material supply. Therefore, more and more emphasis is attached on the design of the icebreaker of superior performance.
Because of the complexity of ice characteristics and the particularity of the icebreaker operating environments, which leads that the theory research on icebreaker developed very slowly, and empirical formulas which were obtained by experiments are used to predict the motion and ice loads of icebreakers by scholars in different countries now. Therefore, a theoretical method is expected to be established to predict the ice loads of icebreakers, the ship motion response and the ice-breaking capability.
Based on the background mentioned above, both the theoretical and the numerical simulation methods are applied to research on the problem mentioned above. The main research contents are as follows,
1. Based on summing up the physical and mechanical properties of the sea ice and analyzing the form of interaction between sea ice and icebreakers and the failure mechanism of the sea ice, a theoretical method for ice-breaking loads which is suitable for engineering calculations is established according to the elasticity theory.
2. Considering the variation of the ice loads with time under the "continuous" ice-breaking, the 3-DOF motion equation of an icebreaker is established. Then, the motion response and ice-breaking capability of icebreakers are obtained by solving the equation in the time domain.
3. Based on the basic principle and the key technique of explicit nonlinear finite element method, a finite numerical simulation method of icebreaker ice collision is explored.
引文
[1]胡兴军.走进破冰船[J].交通与运输,2004,6：26-27页
[2]曲月霞.海冰与近海结构物作用的物理模拟研究[D].大连理工大学博士学位论文,2001：1-10页
[3]沈权,赵炎平.破冰船技术及几种破冰方法[J].航海技术,2001,1：5-7页
[4]DNV. Ships For Navigation In Ice [S].2005:19-36P
[5]RS. Requirements For Structures Of Ships Of Special Design [S].2007:169-190P
[6]FMA. Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Rules [S].2008:9-23P
[7]邵天骏.向多用途方向发展的破冰船[J].交通世界,1995：24-25页
[8]季春群.海工结构物上的冰载荷分析及研究[J].海洋工程,1992,4：15-23页
[9]高照杰,段梦兰,李啸,吴永宁,李林斌.滩、浅海固定设施冰载荷的研究[J].石油学报,2001,9：68-74页
[10]季春群.抗冰结构物的设计探讨[J].中国海洋平台,1993,8(2)：51-54页
[11]Duan M L, Liu J M and Fan X D, et al. Some recent advances on ice related problems in offshore engineering [J]. China Ocean Engineering,2000,14(2):129-142P
[12]Gao Z J, Duan M L. Time and frequency-domain analysis of ice-induced displacement responses of offshore fixed platforms [J]. China Ocean Engineering,1998,12(4):365-373P
[13]史庆增,宋安.海冰静力作用的特点及几种典型结构的冰力模拟实验[J].海洋学报,1994,16(6)：133-141页
[14]李勇,史庆增,李明.海洋锥体结构冰力的研究与进展[J].中国海洋平台,2005,20(2)：1-5页
[15]Frederking R M W. Dynamic ice forces on an inclined structure [A]. Physics and Mechanics of Ice [C], Berlin, Springer-Verlag,1980:104-116P
[16]Frederking R M W, Timco G W. Quantitative analysis of ice sheet failure against an inclined plane [A]. Proceedings OMAE [C], Dallas,1985:160-169P
[17]Li Yuanneng, Bazant Z P. Penetration fracture of ice plate:2D analysis and size effect [J]. Journal of Engineering Mchanics,1994,120(7):1481-1498P
[18]Ralston T D. Ice force design consideration for conical offshore structures [A]. Proc.of POAC [C],1977:741-752P
[19]Croasdale K R. Ice forces on fixed rigid structures [R]. IAHR Working Group on Ice Forces, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, N H,1980:34-106P
[20]Croasdale K R, Cammaert A B. A method for calculation of sheet ice loads on slope structures [A]. IAHR Symposium on Ice [C],1994:874-885P
[21]肖波,何炎平,蒋如宏.破冰船的破冰能力估算方法初探.江苏船舶,2001,18(3)：7-9页
[22]Pentti Kujala. Semi-empirical Evaluation of Long Term Ice Loads on a Ship Hull [J]. Marine Structures,1996:849-871P
[23]Kyungsik Choi, Seong-Yeob Jeong. Global Ice Load Prediction for Icebreaking Vessels [J].ISOPE,2008:638-640P
[24]Uto S, Oka S, Murakami C, Takimoto T, Izumiyama K. Ice Load exerted on the Hull of Icebreaker PM Teshio in the Southern Sea of Okhotsk [J]. POAC,2005:683-692P
[25]史庆增,徐继祖,宋安.冰力模型实验[J].冰川冻土,1990,12(2)：117-123页
[26]邵晶杰.破冰桩间距对冰荷载影响的试验研究及数值模拟方法的探索[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2008：4-5页
[27]林一.潜器耐压结构碰撞响应与强度评估方法研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2010：57-91页
[28]宋卫东,宁建国.冰对海洋结构的临界力[J].冰川冻土,2003,6：351-354页
[29]Wang.Y.S. Buckling Analysis of a Semi-Infinite Ice Sheet Moving Against Cylindrical Structures [J]. IAHR Symposium on Ice Problems,1978:7-9P
[30]Derradji-Aouat. A Explicit FEA and constitutive modeling of damage and fracture in polycrystalline ice simulations of ice loads on offshore structures [C]. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. Postdam, NY, USA:Clarkson University,2005,1:225-238P
[31]Derradji-Aouat A, Lau M. Ice loads on electric power generating stations in the bell isle strait [C]. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. Postdam, NY, USA:Clarkson University,2005,1:387-398P
[32]武文华,于佰杰,许宁,岳前进.海冰与锥体抗冰结构动力作用的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2008,25(11)：192-196页
[33]Bo Wang, Han-Chang Yu, Roger Basu. Ship and Ice Collision Modeling and Strength Evaluation of LNG Ship Structure [C]. OMAE,2008:1-8P
[34]Shen H T, Chen Y C, Wake A, et al. Lagrangian discrete parcel simulation of river ice dynamics [J]. International Journal of Off shore and Polar Engineering,1993,3(4):328-332P
[35]Shen H T, Su J unshan, Liu Lianwu. SPH simulation of river ice dynamics [J]. Journal of Computational Physics,2000,165:752-770P
[36]Wang Z, Shen H T, Wu H. A Lagrangian sea ice model with discrete parcel method [A]. Ice in Surface Water [C], USA:Rotterdam,1998,313-320P
[37]Pritchard R, Mueller A, Hanzlick D, et al. Forecasting Bering Sea ice edge behavior [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95:775-788P
[38]Flato G M. A particle-in-cell sea-ice model [J]. Atmosphere and Oceanography, 1993,31(3):339-358P
[39]徐洪祥.不同锥体结构抗冰性的计算研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2007：7-15页
[40]刘钦政,白珊,吴辉碇.中国海冰研究[J].海洋预报,1998,15(4)：8-13页
[41]张明元,杨国金.辽东湾北岸海冰物理力学性质[J].中国海上油气(工程),1999,11(4)：13-20页
[42]李志军,隋吉学,严德成,孟广琳,张明元.辽东湾平整固定冰冰温及其他物理特性的测定与分析[J].海洋学报,1989,11(4)：525-533页
[43]李志军,隋吉学,董须瑜,孟广琳.辽东湾海冰设计要素的初步统计[J].海洋工程,1992,10(2)：72-77
[44]张明元,邵春才,严德成,董须瑜.我国海冰物理力学性质的初步研究[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(1)：65-71
[45]隋吉学,孟广琳,李志军,张明元,高树刚.环渤海海冰弯曲强度影响因素分析[J].海洋环境科学,1996,15(1)：73-75页
[46]李锋,岳前进.不同破坏模式下锥体结构冰力定性分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,45(6)：785-788页
[47]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006：1-13页
[48]韩雷.破坏模式对锥体结构冰荷载的影响[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2006：34-43页
[49]Danielf, Kelly. Putting marine designs to the ice test [J]. Surveyor,1982:10-16P
[50]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(下册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2004：337-433页
[51]岳前进,毕祥军,于晓,时忠民.锥体结构的冰激振动与冰力函数[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(2)：16-19页
[52]LI Feng, YUE Qian-jin, SHKH NEK KN, et al. A qualitative analysis of breaking length of sheet ice against conical structures [A]. Proceedings of the 17th POAC Ice Symposium [C]. Trondheim:Norwegian University of Science and Technology,2003:293-302P
[53]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(上册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2004：279-288页
[54]丁沛然,钱纯.非线性瞬态动力学分析MSC.Dytran理论及应用[M].科学出版社,2006,1-140页
[55]杨亮.海洋导管架平台的耐撞特性研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2008,9-22页
[56]Ralston T D. An analysis of sheet ice indentation [C]. International Association of Hydraulic Research Symposium on Ice Problem, Lulea Sweden,1978:85-98P
[57]Derradji-Aouat A. Multi-surface failure criterion for saline ice in the brittle regime [J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology,2003,36:47-70P
[2]曲月霞.海冰与近海结构物作用的物理模拟研究[D].大连理工大学博士学位论文,2001：1-10页
[3]沈权,赵炎平.破冰船技术及几种破冰方法[J].航海技术,2001,1：5-7页
[4]DNV. Ships For Navigation In Ice [S].2005:19-36P
[5]RS. Requirements For Structures Of Ships Of Special Design [S].2007:169-190P
[6]FMA. Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Rules [S].2008:9-23P
[7]邵天骏.向多用途方向发展的破冰船[J].交通世界,1995：24-25页
[8]季春群.海工结构物上的冰载荷分析及研究[J].海洋工程,1992,4：15-23页
[9]高照杰,段梦兰,李啸,吴永宁,李林斌.滩、浅海固定设施冰载荷的研究[J].石油学报,2001,9：68-74页
[10]季春群.抗冰结构物的设计探讨[J].中国海洋平台,1993,8(2)：51-54页
[11]Duan M L, Liu J M and Fan X D, et al. Some recent advances on ice related problems in offshore engineering [J]. China Ocean Engineering,2000,14(2):129-142P
[12]Gao Z J, Duan M L. Time and frequency-domain analysis of ice-induced displacement responses of offshore fixed platforms [J]. China Ocean Engineering,1998,12(4):365-373P
[13]史庆增,宋安.海冰静力作用的特点及几种典型结构的冰力模拟实验[J].海洋学报,1994,16(6)：133-141页
[14]李勇,史庆增,李明.海洋锥体结构冰力的研究与进展[J].中国海洋平台,2005,20(2)：1-5页
[15]Frederking R M W. Dynamic ice forces on an inclined structure [A]. Physics and Mechanics of Ice [C], Berlin, Springer-Verlag,1980:104-116P
[16]Frederking R M W, Timco G W. Quantitative analysis of ice sheet failure against an inclined plane [A]. Proceedings OMAE [C], Dallas,1985:160-169P
[17]Li Yuanneng, Bazant Z P. Penetration fracture of ice plate:2D analysis and size effect [J]. Journal of Engineering Mchanics,1994,120(7):1481-1498P
[18]Ralston T D. Ice force design consideration for conical offshore structures [A]. Proc.of POAC [C],1977:741-752P
[19]Croasdale K R. Ice forces on fixed rigid structures [R]. IAHR Working Group on Ice Forces, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, N H,1980:34-106P
[20]Croasdale K R, Cammaert A B. A method for calculation of sheet ice loads on slope structures [A]. IAHR Symposium on Ice [C],1994:874-885P
[21]肖波,何炎平,蒋如宏.破冰船的破冰能力估算方法初探.江苏船舶,2001,18(3)：7-9页
[22]Pentti Kujala. Semi-empirical Evaluation of Long Term Ice Loads on a Ship Hull [J]. Marine Structures,1996:849-871P
[23]Kyungsik Choi, Seong-Yeob Jeong. Global Ice Load Prediction for Icebreaking Vessels [J].ISOPE,2008:638-640P
[24]Uto S, Oka S, Murakami C, Takimoto T, Izumiyama K. Ice Load exerted on the Hull of Icebreaker PM Teshio in the Southern Sea of Okhotsk [J]. POAC,2005:683-692P
[25]史庆增,徐继祖,宋安.冰力模型实验[J].冰川冻土,1990,12(2)：117-123页
[26]邵晶杰.破冰桩间距对冰荷载影响的试验研究及数值模拟方法的探索[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2008：4-5页
[27]林一.潜器耐压结构碰撞响应与强度评估方法研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2010：57-91页
[28]宋卫东,宁建国.冰对海洋结构的临界力[J].冰川冻土,2003,6：351-354页
[29]Wang.Y.S. Buckling Analysis of a Semi-Infinite Ice Sheet Moving Against Cylindrical Structures [J]. IAHR Symposium on Ice Problems,1978:7-9P
[30]Derradji-Aouat. A Explicit FEA and constitutive modeling of damage and fracture in polycrystalline ice simulations of ice loads on offshore structures [C]. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. Postdam, NY, USA:Clarkson University,2005,1:225-238P
[31]Derradji-Aouat A, Lau M. Ice loads on electric power generating stations in the bell isle strait [C]. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. Postdam, NY, USA:Clarkson University,2005,1:387-398P
[32]武文华,于佰杰,许宁,岳前进.海冰与锥体抗冰结构动力作用的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2008,25(11)：192-196页
[33]Bo Wang, Han-Chang Yu, Roger Basu. Ship and Ice Collision Modeling and Strength Evaluation of LNG Ship Structure [C]. OMAE,2008:1-8P
[34]Shen H T, Chen Y C, Wake A, et al. Lagrangian discrete parcel simulation of river ice dynamics [J]. International Journal of Off shore and Polar Engineering,1993,3(4):328-332P
[35]Shen H T, Su J unshan, Liu Lianwu. SPH simulation of river ice dynamics [J]. Journal of Computational Physics,2000,165:752-770P
[36]Wang Z, Shen H T, Wu H. A Lagrangian sea ice model with discrete parcel method [A]. Ice in Surface Water [C], USA:Rotterdam,1998,313-320P
[37]Pritchard R, Mueller A, Hanzlick D, et al. Forecasting Bering Sea ice edge behavior [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95:775-788P
[38]Flato G M. A particle-in-cell sea-ice model [J]. Atmosphere and Oceanography, 1993,31(3):339-358P
[39]徐洪祥.不同锥体结构抗冰性的计算研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2007：7-15页
[40]刘钦政,白珊,吴辉碇.中国海冰研究[J].海洋预报,1998,15(4)：8-13页
[41]张明元,杨国金.辽东湾北岸海冰物理力学性质[J].中国海上油气(工程),1999,11(4)：13-20页
[42]李志军,隋吉学,严德成,孟广琳,张明元.辽东湾平整固定冰冰温及其他物理特性的测定与分析[J].海洋学报,1989,11(4)：525-533页
[43]李志军,隋吉学,董须瑜,孟广琳.辽东湾海冰设计要素的初步统计[J].海洋工程,1992,10(2)：72-77
[44]张明元,邵春才,严德成,董须瑜.我国海冰物理力学性质的初步研究[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(1)：65-71
[45]隋吉学,孟广琳,李志军,张明元,高树刚.环渤海海冰弯曲强度影响因素分析[J].海洋环境科学,1996,15(1)：73-75页
[46]李锋,岳前进.不同破坏模式下锥体结构冰力定性分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,45(6)：785-788页
[47]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006：1-13页
[48]韩雷.破坏模式对锥体结构冰荷载的影响[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2006：34-43页
[49]Danielf, Kelly. Putting marine designs to the ice test [J]. Surveyor,1982:10-16P
[50]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(下册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2004：337-433页
[51]岳前进,毕祥军,于晓,时忠民.锥体结构的冰激振动与冰力函数[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(2)：16-19页
[52]LI Feng, YUE Qian-jin, SHKH NEK KN, et al. A qualitative analysis of breaking length of sheet ice against conical structures [A]. Proceedings of the 17th POAC Ice Symposium [C]. Trondheim:Norwegian University of Science and Technology,2003:293-302P
[53]盛振邦,刘应中.船舶原理(上册)[M].上海交通大学出版社,2004：279-288页
[54]丁沛然,钱纯.非线性瞬态动力学分析MSC.Dytran理论及应用[M].科学出版社,2006,1-140页
[55]杨亮.海洋导管架平台的耐撞特性研究[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2008,9-22页
[56]Ralston T D. An analysis of sheet ice indentation [C]. International Association of Hydraulic Research Symposium on Ice Problem, Lulea Sweden,1978:85-98P
[57]Derradji-Aouat A. Multi-surface failure criterion for saline ice in the brittle regime [J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology,2003,36:47-70P
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |