建筑节能与冰蓄冷空调研究
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摘要
随着人民生活水平的逐步提高,对住宅的舒适度要求也越来越高,将增加采暖和空调设施,建筑能耗必将大幅度增加,建筑能耗占总能耗的比重也会越来越大,因此,推进建筑节能工作有利于我国的可持续发展战略。在建筑能耗中,夏季空调制冷占用大量电负,造成全国用电紧张且电网峰谷差扩大;而冰蓄冷空调具有平衡电网峰谷差,具有极大的应用价值。本文基于这样的观点,阐述了冰蓄冷空调技术原理,从冰蓄冷空调系统设备容量的计算、冰蓄冷系统运行模式与负荷匹配分析、冰蓄冷空调系统的经济分析与比较到具体的工程实例介绍,讲述了冰蓄冷空调系统具有良好的经济效益。得出了采用冰蓄冷空调系统会增加建筑物的初始投资成本,但其会大大节约长期运行费,进而使全寿命周期总成本下降,并取得明显的环境效益的结论。
本文结合实际情况,针对在冰蓄冷空调推广应用上存在的问题,提出了积极的有针对性的建议。
Along with lives of the people level gradually raising, extends the moderate request to the building more and more to be also high, will increase the heating and the air- conditioning facility, the building energy consumption will certainly large scale to increase, the building energy consumption occupies the total energy consumption the proportion also to be able to be more and more big, therefore, the advancement building energy-saving is advantageous to our country sustainable developmental strategy. In building energy consumption, summer the air-conditioning refrigeration takes the massive electricity consuming, creates the nation to use electricity anxious also the electrical network peak valley difference expansion, but the ice cool-storage air-conditioning has the balance electrical network peak valley, has the enormous application value. This article based on such viewpoint, expatiate the ice cool-storage air-conditioning technology principle, calculation of device capacity for the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system , explain the suitable about the ice cool-storage air-conditioning running mode between load, economic analysis and comparison of the ice cool-storage air-conditioning systems, and the concrete project example introduction, expatiate the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system has the good economic efficiency. Obtained, the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system will be able to increase the building the initial investment cost, but its can greatly save the long-term operating cost, so the building entire life cycle total cost will drop. Therefore the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system has obvious environment benefit
Finally, some considerations and suggestions, combined with the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system application exist question, are proposed.
本文结合实际情况,针对在冰蓄冷空调推广应用上存在的问题,提出了积极的有针对性的建议。
Along with lives of the people level gradually raising, extends the moderate request to the building more and more to be also high, will increase the heating and the air- conditioning facility, the building energy consumption will certainly large scale to increase, the building energy consumption occupies the total energy consumption the proportion also to be able to be more and more big, therefore, the advancement building energy-saving is advantageous to our country sustainable developmental strategy. In building energy consumption, summer the air-conditioning refrigeration takes the massive electricity consuming, creates the nation to use electricity anxious also the electrical network peak valley difference expansion, but the ice cool-storage air-conditioning has the balance electrical network peak valley, has the enormous application value. This article based on such viewpoint, expatiate the ice cool-storage air-conditioning technology principle, calculation of device capacity for the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system , explain the suitable about the ice cool-storage air-conditioning running mode between load, economic analysis and comparison of the ice cool-storage air-conditioning systems, and the concrete project example introduction, expatiate the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system has the good economic efficiency. Obtained, the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system will be able to increase the building the initial investment cost, but its can greatly save the long-term operating cost, so the building entire life cycle total cost will drop. Therefore the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system has obvious environment benefit
Finally, some considerations and suggestions, combined with the ice cool-storage air-conditioning system application exist question, are proposed.
引文
[1] 涂逢祥.建筑节能势在必行[J].节能与环保,2003,25(4):42-45
[2] 黄俊鹏,黄献明,王莹.中国绿色建筑的发展现状及趋势研究[J].节能与环保,2004,30(2):22-27
[3] 于航.建筑师的新课题—建筑节能[J]. 同济大学学报,2003,12(4):22-26
[4] 周朝良,方正勇,郭兴仓.浅谈中央空调节能的一些措施[J].暖通空调,2000,30(6):53-57
[5] 顾晓光.空调系统的节能[J].暖通空调,1999,29(5):23-26
[6] 潘雨顺. 冰蓄冷在制冷空调中的应用前景与发展趋势[J].中国冷冻空调杂志,1994,25(3):15-19
[7] 李金平,王如竹,郭开华.蓄冷空调技术及其发展方向探讨[J].能源技术,2003,23(3):119-121
[8] 张永铃.国内外冰蓄冷技术的发展与应用[J].制冷技术,1999,14(2):21-24
[9] 彦启森.我国制冷空调技术发展现状及前景[J].制冷与空调,1997,12(4):10-14
[10] 张健,林世鹏.储冰蓄能技术消峰填谷大有可为[J].能源与环境,2004,28(2):20-21
[11] 胡兴邦,朱华,叶水泉,冯踏青.储冷空调系统原理、工程设计及应用[M]. 浙江:浙江大学出版社,1997.
[12] 叶水泉,方斌东.冰蓄冷空调技术[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2004,25(1):72-79
[13] 严德隆,张维君. 空调蓄冷应用技术[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996.
[14] 吴喜平. 蓄冷技术和蓄热电锅炉在空调中的应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2000.
[15] 巨永平.空调工程中的蓄冷技术[J].暖通空调,1996,26(3):56-59
[16] 张 宏.浅谈冰蓄冷技术应用[J].制冷技术,1998,13(5):33-36
[17] 方贵银. 蓄冷空调工程实用新技术[M]. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.
[18]陈沛霖,岳孝方.空调与制冷技术手册[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[19]郑贤德.制冷原理与装置[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[20]任吉云,姜舒.冰蓄冷空调提高高峰用电转移率的设备选择计算[J].制冷学报,1999,24(4):49-54
[21] 汪训昌. 关于蓄冷空调工程设计思路的探讨[J]. 暖通空调,1997,27(4):44-47
[22] 周东一.蓄冷技术在空调系统中的应用分析[J].邵阳学院学报,2005,2(1):63-65
[23] 陈杨华,吴逸飞.论蓄冷空调技术与节能[J].江西能源,2004,5(3):35-37
[24] 付小斌.冰蓄冷空调及其应用[J].节能与环保,2004,31(4):30-32
[25] 叶水泉.储能空调原理及工程应用[J].暖通空调,1997,27(5):22-25
[26] 李向东等. 蓄冷空调系统的负荷计算[J]. 暖通空调,1998,28(3):25-28
[27]王耀春,陈汝东.一种适用于冰蓄冷空调系统的全年逐时负荷计算方法[J].流体机械,2004,32(12):69-71
[28]张华玲.蓄冷空调动态负荷的计算方法[J].重庆建筑高等专科学校学报,1999,9(2):22-25
[29]俞炳丰.制冷与空调应用新技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[30]庄友明.冰蓄冷空调的运行模式及制冷主机容量确定[J].流体机械,2003,30(2):45-48
[31]姬长发,王美.小型蓄冷空调系统运行方式分析[J].流体机械,2005,32(4):76-78
[32]王蓓蓓,李扬,唐国庆.冰蓄冷空调技术对南京地区电网调峰的影响[J].节能与环保,2002,22(8):40-42
[33]Wang M J,Kusumoto N.Ice slurry based thermal storage in multifunctional buildings[J].Heat and MassTransfer,2001,37(5):597-604
[34]Yamada M,Fukusako S,Kawanami T.Performance analysis on the liquid-ice thermal storage system for optimum operation [J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2002,23(25):267-277
[35]Saito A.Recent advances in research on cold thermal enery storage [J].International Journal of Refrigeration ,2002,23(25):177-189 [36Matsumoto k,Namiki Y,Masashi M.Continuous ice slurry formation using a functional fluied for ice storage [J].International Journal of Refrigeration ,2004,24(27):73-81
[37]李晓燕.冰蓄冷空调系统的经济分析与比较[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报,2004,20(2):223-226
[38] 施晨洁,陈亚平.冰蓄冷空调系统经济性的影响因素[J].能源研究与利用,2004,8(6):1-5
[39]章学来.蓄冷空调的经济性研究[J].制冷学报,2001,25(1):17-22
[40]黄洁,王长庆.某大楼冰蓄冷空调运行性能分析[J].暖通空调,2004,34(9):79-83
[41]黄文先,陈扬华.冰蓄冷空调系统不同蓄冰量时经济性分析比较[J].江西能源,2004,6(4):10-12
[42]赖建波,臧润清,苏文.冰蓄冷空调在天津市的发展前景[J].制冷与空调,2004,4(3):16-19
[43]石磊,陈晓春,刘成定,周敏.冰蓄冷系统优化与控制分析[J].制冷与空调,2003,3(4):22-25
[44]刘鉴民.蓄冷空调作为电网移峰填谷技术应用可能性的研究[J].甘肃科学学报,1999,5(4):47-53
[2] 黄俊鹏,黄献明,王莹.中国绿色建筑的发展现状及趋势研究[J].节能与环保,2004,30(2):22-27
[3] 于航.建筑师的新课题—建筑节能[J]. 同济大学学报,2003,12(4):22-26
[4] 周朝良,方正勇,郭兴仓.浅谈中央空调节能的一些措施[J].暖通空调,2000,30(6):53-57
[5] 顾晓光.空调系统的节能[J].暖通空调,1999,29(5):23-26
[6] 潘雨顺. 冰蓄冷在制冷空调中的应用前景与发展趋势[J].中国冷冻空调杂志,1994,25(3):15-19
[7] 李金平,王如竹,郭开华.蓄冷空调技术及其发展方向探讨[J].能源技术,2003,23(3):119-121
[8] 张永铃.国内外冰蓄冷技术的发展与应用[J].制冷技术,1999,14(2):21-24
[9] 彦启森.我国制冷空调技术发展现状及前景[J].制冷与空调,1997,12(4):10-14
[10] 张健,林世鹏.储冰蓄能技术消峰填谷大有可为[J].能源与环境,2004,28(2):20-21
[11] 胡兴邦,朱华,叶水泉,冯踏青.储冷空调系统原理、工程设计及应用[M]. 浙江:浙江大学出版社,1997.
[12] 叶水泉,方斌东.冰蓄冷空调技术[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2004,25(1):72-79
[13] 严德隆,张维君. 空调蓄冷应用技术[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996.
[14] 吴喜平. 蓄冷技术和蓄热电锅炉在空调中的应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2000.
[15] 巨永平.空调工程中的蓄冷技术[J].暖通空调,1996,26(3):56-59
[16] 张 宏.浅谈冰蓄冷技术应用[J].制冷技术,1998,13(5):33-36
[17] 方贵银. 蓄冷空调工程实用新技术[M]. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2000.
[18]陈沛霖,岳孝方.空调与制冷技术手册[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[19]郑贤德.制冷原理与装置[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[20]任吉云,姜舒.冰蓄冷空调提高高峰用电转移率的设备选择计算[J].制冷学报,1999,24(4):49-54
[21] 汪训昌. 关于蓄冷空调工程设计思路的探讨[J]. 暖通空调,1997,27(4):44-47
[22] 周东一.蓄冷技术在空调系统中的应用分析[J].邵阳学院学报,2005,2(1):63-65
[23] 陈杨华,吴逸飞.论蓄冷空调技术与节能[J].江西能源,2004,5(3):35-37
[24] 付小斌.冰蓄冷空调及其应用[J].节能与环保,2004,31(4):30-32
[25] 叶水泉.储能空调原理及工程应用[J].暖通空调,1997,27(5):22-25
[26] 李向东等. 蓄冷空调系统的负荷计算[J]. 暖通空调,1998,28(3):25-28
[27]王耀春,陈汝东.一种适用于冰蓄冷空调系统的全年逐时负荷计算方法[J].流体机械,2004,32(12):69-71
[28]张华玲.蓄冷空调动态负荷的计算方法[J].重庆建筑高等专科学校学报,1999,9(2):22-25
[29]俞炳丰.制冷与空调应用新技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[30]庄友明.冰蓄冷空调的运行模式及制冷主机容量确定[J].流体机械,2003,30(2):45-48
[31]姬长发,王美.小型蓄冷空调系统运行方式分析[J].流体机械,2005,32(4):76-78
[32]王蓓蓓,李扬,唐国庆.冰蓄冷空调技术对南京地区电网调峰的影响[J].节能与环保,2002,22(8):40-42
[33]Wang M J,Kusumoto N.Ice slurry based thermal storage in multifunctional buildings[J].Heat and MassTransfer,2001,37(5):597-604
[34]Yamada M,Fukusako S,Kawanami T.Performance analysis on the liquid-ice thermal storage system for optimum operation [J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2002,23(25):267-277
[35]Saito A.Recent advances in research on cold thermal enery storage [J].International Journal of Refrigeration ,2002,23(25):177-189 [36Matsumoto k,Namiki Y,Masashi M.Continuous ice slurry formation using a functional fluied for ice storage [J].International Journal of Refrigeration ,2004,24(27):73-81
[37]李晓燕.冰蓄冷空调系统的经济分析与比较[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报,2004,20(2):223-226
[38] 施晨洁,陈亚平.冰蓄冷空调系统经济性的影响因素[J].能源研究与利用,2004,8(6):1-5
[39]章学来.蓄冷空调的经济性研究[J].制冷学报,2001,25(1):17-22
[40]黄洁,王长庆.某大楼冰蓄冷空调运行性能分析[J].暖通空调,2004,34(9):79-83
[41]黄文先,陈扬华.冰蓄冷空调系统不同蓄冰量时经济性分析比较[J].江西能源,2004,6(4):10-12
[42]赖建波,臧润清,苏文.冰蓄冷空调在天津市的发展前景[J].制冷与空调,2004,4(3):16-19
[43]石磊,陈晓春,刘成定,周敏.冰蓄冷系统优化与控制分析[J].制冷与空调,2003,3(4):22-25
[44]刘鉴民.蓄冷空调作为电网移峰填谷技术应用可能性的研究[J].甘肃科学学报,1999,5(4):47-53
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