热管技术在高强化柴油机中的应用研究
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摘要
车辆推进系统不断向高紧凑、高性能、高可靠性的方向发展。随着发动机转速和功率密度不断提高,热负荷也越来越大,对发动机冷却系统和润滑系统的要求也越来越高。发动机散热系统技术是其辅助系统的核心技术之一,是高紧凑性推进系统的重要组成部分,因此,寻求尺寸小、效率高的换热设备成为研制新一代发动机过程中的重点和难点之一。
采用高效换热元件或高温冷却技术是解决此问题的两个有效途径。考虑到热管和热管散热技术的特点及其广泛的应用,针对高强化柴油机冷却系统中的典型换热元件采用热管散热技术不失为一种有意义的探索。
本文根据传热学理论,通过对热管换热器设计计算方法的归纳与总结,运用VB语言编制了热管式换热器的通用设计计算程序,实现了热管换热器的程序化设计。为了使软件具有更强的实用性、可操作性,以及便于进行二次开发,作者将该程序与Excel和AutoCAD软件连接起来,使该程序可以利用Excel和AutoCAD软件方便的生成Excel计算报表和AutoCAD工程图。
本文利用所设计的热管换热器设计计算程序,设计了一台热管式热交换器,并对其进行了台架性能试验。用三组试验数据对程序进行了修正,用另外四组试验数据验证了修正程序准确性。结果证明了所开发程序的可靠性和实用性。
最后,作为论文研究成果的实际应用,作者根据高强化柴油机对冷却系统的要求,对某型号柴油机的机油冷却器采用热管换热器进行了设计计算,并分析了影响热管换热器性能的一些因素,最终确定了满足要求的热管式机油冷却器的结构尺寸。
The development direction of propulsion system in vehicles is high-compact, high-performance, and high-reliability. The engine heat load is increasing with the increasing of engine speed and power density, this requires the cooling systems and the lubrication systems having high performance. Vehicles cooling technology is one of the core technologies of auxiliary system in the engines. So, searching for small size, high efficiency heat transfer equipment has become the key but difficult process of developing a new generation of engines.
Using the efficient component or high temperature cooling system are two valid ways to resolve this problem. Owe to the extensive application of heat-pipe and its characteristics, it may well be a meaningful exploration using the heat-pipe cooling technology for the heat-exchanger components in diesel engine cooling systems.
Based on the heat transfer theory, the calculation methods of heat-pipe heat-exchanger were summarized in this paper. According to the common calculation method of heat-pipe heat-exchanger, the common procedure for heat-pipe heat-exchanger was compiled using VB language. In order to make the procedure more practical, more feasible and more easily for secondary development, this calculation procedure is linked with the Excel and AutoCAD. Using this procedure, you can get the Excel statements and AutoCAD graphics conveniently.
In this paper, a heat-pipe heat-exchanger was designed using the calculation program, and bench performance tests were carried out. The calculation procedure was amended by using 3 groups test data and the accuary of the amended procedure was verified by using other 4 groups test data. The results proved that the procedure is reliable and practical.
Finally, as the practical application of the research results, a heat-pipe oil-cooler was designed according to the request of the cooling system in highly intensified diesel engines. In addition, the author analyzed the factors influencing the performance of heat-pipe oil-cooler and the structure size of the heat-pipe oil-cooler was settled after repeated calculations.
采用高效换热元件或高温冷却技术是解决此问题的两个有效途径。考虑到热管和热管散热技术的特点及其广泛的应用,针对高强化柴油机冷却系统中的典型换热元件采用热管散热技术不失为一种有意义的探索。
本文根据传热学理论,通过对热管换热器设计计算方法的归纳与总结,运用VB语言编制了热管式换热器的通用设计计算程序,实现了热管换热器的程序化设计。为了使软件具有更强的实用性、可操作性,以及便于进行二次开发,作者将该程序与Excel和AutoCAD软件连接起来,使该程序可以利用Excel和AutoCAD软件方便的生成Excel计算报表和AutoCAD工程图。
本文利用所设计的热管换热器设计计算程序,设计了一台热管式热交换器,并对其进行了台架性能试验。用三组试验数据对程序进行了修正,用另外四组试验数据验证了修正程序准确性。结果证明了所开发程序的可靠性和实用性。
最后,作为论文研究成果的实际应用,作者根据高强化柴油机对冷却系统的要求,对某型号柴油机的机油冷却器采用热管换热器进行了设计计算,并分析了影响热管换热器性能的一些因素,最终确定了满足要求的热管式机油冷却器的结构尺寸。
The development direction of propulsion system in vehicles is high-compact, high-performance, and high-reliability. The engine heat load is increasing with the increasing of engine speed and power density, this requires the cooling systems and the lubrication systems having high performance. Vehicles cooling technology is one of the core technologies of auxiliary system in the engines. So, searching for small size, high efficiency heat transfer equipment has become the key but difficult process of developing a new generation of engines.
Using the efficient component or high temperature cooling system are two valid ways to resolve this problem. Owe to the extensive application of heat-pipe and its characteristics, it may well be a meaningful exploration using the heat-pipe cooling technology for the heat-exchanger components in diesel engine cooling systems.
Based on the heat transfer theory, the calculation methods of heat-pipe heat-exchanger were summarized in this paper. According to the common calculation method of heat-pipe heat-exchanger, the common procedure for heat-pipe heat-exchanger was compiled using VB language. In order to make the procedure more practical, more feasible and more easily for secondary development, this calculation procedure is linked with the Excel and AutoCAD. Using this procedure, you can get the Excel statements and AutoCAD graphics conveniently.
In this paper, a heat-pipe heat-exchanger was designed using the calculation program, and bench performance tests were carried out. The calculation procedure was amended by using 3 groups test data and the accuary of the amended procedure was verified by using other 4 groups test data. The results proved that the procedure is reliable and practical.
Finally, as the practical application of the research results, a heat-pipe oil-cooler was designed according to the request of the cooling system in highly intensified diesel engines. In addition, the author analyzed the factors influencing the performance of heat-pipe oil-cooler and the structure size of the heat-pipe oil-cooler was settled after repeated calculations.
引文
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[4]姚仲鹏,王新国.车辆冷却传热[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001.6
[5]黄问盈.热管热管换热器设计基础[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
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[7]陈彦泽,丁信伟,喻建良,周一卉.新型热管技术开发及应用[J].热能动力工程,2004.19(1):1-3
[8]A.Akbarzadeh,E Johnson,T.Nguyen,M.Mochizuki,M.Mashiko,I.Sauciuc,S.Kusaba,H.Suzuki.Formulation and analysis of the heat pipe turbine for production of power from renewable sources[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2001.21(15):1551-1563
[9]S.B.Riffat,A.Holt.A novel heat pipe/ejector cooler[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,1998.18(3):93-101
[10]H.F.Smimov,B.V.Kosoy.Refrigerating heat pipes[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2001.21(6):631-641
[11]秦娜.热管及其主要应用领域的研究[J].制冷与空调,2005.19(2):79-81
[12]庄俊,张红.2010年热管技术展望[J].化工机械,1998.25(1):44-49
[13]郭振贤,刘仁涛.热管换热器应用现状及其制约因素[J].应用能源技术,2002(4):32-33
[14]苏俊林,吴淑美,郝玉福.导热姆热管在汽车上的应用[J].吉林工业大学学报,1990(2):35-38
[15]袁胜利.利用汽车废气取暖的热管换热器[J].节能,1991(11):35-36
[16]张国正.车用余热热管暖风机的研究[D].洛阳:河南科技大学硕士论文,2003
[17]Rudiger Demark,Michael Groddeck,Georg Ruetz.Die neue Dieselmotoren-Baureihe 890 von MTU[J].MTZ,2006(2):80-86
[18]张玉申.高功率密度柴油机及其关键技术[J].车用发动机,2004(3):5-7
[19]张力,谷操,王敬.坦克装甲车辆智能化散热系统技术[J].车辆动力与技术,2002(3):47-52
[20]王春强.热管技术在增压内燃机中的应用[D].南宁:广西大学硕士论文,2004
[21]http://www.hd12315.net/lb5000/forums.cgi?forum=60[OL],2006.10.25
[22]http://www.chinaswitch.com/tech/html/3379.html[OL],2007.4.12
[23]姚寿广,朱德书,屠传经,张建勋,张彪.热管换热器通用热力设计软件包的开发[J].华东船舶工业学院学报,2000.14(2):83-85
[24]Leonard L.Vasiliev.Heat pipes in modern heat exchangers[J].Applied Thennal Engineering,2005.25(1):1-19
[25]S.H.Noie.Heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed thermosyphon[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2005.25(5-6):495-506
[26]冯晓强.中温热管空气换热器的模拟优化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士论文,2002
[27]张永梅,由宏君.浅析热管换热器性能特点[J].当代化工,2003.32(1):52-55
[28]韩春福.热管换热器离散型计算方法研究[D].沈阳:东北大学硕士论文,1999
[29]郝承明.热管换热器的模型与设计计算[C].中国工程热物理学会第一届热管会议.哈尔滨,1983.8
[30]王磊.热管换热器的设计计算[J].纯碱工业,2001(3):39-43
[31]冯踏青,屠传经.热管换热器传热校核计算的有效度-传热单元数(ε-NTU)法[J].节能技术,1997(5):1-3
[32]李兰友.Visual Basic应用程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社,2007
[33]刘炳文.Visual Basic程序设计教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[34]刘清欣.试论热管设计时应注意的问题[J].科技创业月刊,2004(10):106-107
[35]刘刚.重力热管的工质选择[J].制冷与空调,2006.20(1):41-43
[36]罗清海,汤广发,黄文胜,唐海兵.热虹吸管散热器与热管工质的实验研究[J].煤气与热力,2005.25(4):17-18
[37]靳明聪,陈远国.热管及热管换热器[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1986.8
[38]A.A.茹卡乌斯卡斯.马昌文,居滋象,肖宏才译.换热器内的对流换热[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.3
[39]钱颂文.换热器设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[40]YUNUS A.CENGEL著.冯妍卉,贾力,张欣欣,彭晓峰改编.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.6
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