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烧结过程智能实时操作指导系统的研究
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摘要
计算机控制是烧结现代化的一个重要标志,它在提高烧结机生产率和烧结
    矿质量、降低燃料消耗、延长设备寿命等方面发挥着巨大作用。至今我国拥有
    烧结机达300多台,总烧结面积达18200m~2。但是普遍存在自动化水平低的问
    题,这已经成为制约烧结矿产量、质量提高的主要因素之一。目前国内大、中
    型烧结机都具备了过程检测和设备控制能力,当务之急是研究烧结过程的全局
    控制方法,开发烧结工艺的“过程控制”系统。
     烧结过程是一个工艺流程长、影响因素多、机理复杂的动态系统,采用传
    统的控制理论和方法难以解决全局控制问题。近年来,以专家系统、模糊控制、
    人工神经网络为代表的人工智能技术被引入烧结领域,为烧结计算机控制提供
    了一条有效的途径。
     本文综合运用烧结理论、现代控制理论、人工智能理论等多学科知识,对
    烧结过程及其控制的理论和方法进行了深入研究。开发烧结过程智能实时操作
    指导系统,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
     在分析烧结过程控制的特点后,提出了烧结过程全局控制分长期和短期控
    制的基本思想,将复杂的烧结全局控制分解为六个子系统,分别完成六个子控
    制目标,由主系统进行数据采集和烧结总体工况识别,并调度和协调各子系统
    运行。本论文研究内容包括主系统的数据采集和总体工况识别功能,烧结终点
    控制子系统和烧结过程异常状况诊断子系统的实现。
     本文研究了烧结过程实时信息的在线采集和预处理方法,为实现系统的实
    时在线控制奠定了基础。
     在对烧结机理分析的基础上,确定采用产量、质量、过程透气性和热状态
    四个类别来评判烧结过程总体工况,并结合专家经验和检测条件,确定了各类
    别的表征参数。开发了烧结工况识别模型,通过数学模型与知识模型相结合,
    实现了烧结工况识别。
     烧结终点是烧结机操作的主要依据,是烧结过程的关键中间参数,本文对
    烧结终点控制方法进行了深入细致的研究。针对烧结终点难以定量化和存在时
    间滞后的问题,提出了终点判断和预报策略。研究了基于时间序列模型的烧结
    终点自适应预报,并用这种方法比较了三种热状态参数:正常拐点温度、废气
    温度曲线上升点和废气温度曲线面积对烧结终点的预报效果。选定废气温度曲
    线上升点作为烧结终点的预报参数。研究了基于人工神经网络的烧结终点自适
    应预报,研究了神经网络BP算法的改进,提出了神经网络的自组织算法和具
    有普遍意义的有限新息在线训练方法,满足了神经网络在线训练的实时要求。
    开发的烧结终点自适应神经网络预报器实现了烧结终点的准确预报。结合该领
    域专家的操作经验,对烧结终点采取模糊控制措施,并研究了具有通用性的模
    糊控制规则的在线优化方法,改善了模糊控制系统的动态自适应性能。
     在生产中及时地诊断异常的发生并给出操作指导,可以保证烧结过程的顺
    
     烧结过程智能实时操作抬导系统的研究 拘要
     利进行。本文研究了烧结过程中出现的典型异常状况的诊断方法,捉出烧结异
     常模糊诊断策略,将专家诊断异常和消除异常的经验归纳整理,作为计算机诊
     断异常和指导操作的依据。
     根据烧结领域知识的特点,研究了综合到知识表达方式和多库多层次知识
     库结构,捉出了能够充分表达烷结领域知识模糊性的改进模糊产生式表达方法。
     采用多级推理模烈,建立了高效的推理机:总体口标推理采用过程化推理,烧『
     结异常类型诊断采川模糊诊断与反向椎理相结合推理,异常原因分析、控制诀
     策采用止向推理,提出了模糊规则的不精确推理方法和模糊匹配策略。实现了
     专家系统对模糊知识的充分表达和高效运用。
     川VC++语言,采H面向对象程序设计方法,开发了烧结过程智能实时操
     作指导系统软什,升应山了武钢435ffi2人R0烧结机生产过程的在线操作指导,
     获得成功验址。
The computer control has been a major sign of sintering modernization, it plays a important role in increasing the productivity of sintering plant. obtaining good quality~ reducing energy consumption and lengthen the service life of equipment. At present. there are more than 300 sets of sintering plai~t in our country with their total sintering area beyond 18200m2. However, low automation level is a normal problem and has been a major fact that limit the improving of sinter quality and quantity. The process detection and basic control equipment are equipped in large and middle scale sintering plants in our country up to now. It is the next assignment that investigating the method of total control of sintering process and develop the 損rocess control?system.
     Sintering process is a dynamic system with long circuit. multivariable and complex mechanism. it is hard to perform control task of total sintering process by using conventional control theory and methods including modem control and classical control. In recent years. artificial intelligence theory such as expert system. fuzzy control and artificial neural network has been induced to sintering process control. which provide an efficient approach to realize the computer control in sintering process.
     In this paper. the mechanism arid technique of sintering process control are investigated by comprehensive utilization of sintering theory. modern control theory and artificial intelligence. An intelligent guide system for controlling sintering process is developed, which earns theoretical significance and practical value.
     After an analysis of the characteristics of sintering process. the basic control scheme including long-time control and short-time control is suggested. The complicated control of total sintering process is divided into six subsystems and each of them perform a control task. A main system perform data collection and general operation mode recognition task, which assign and coordinate subsystems meanwhile. This paper emphasis on the main system. the burning through point control subsystem and the subsystem for abnormity diagnosing in sintering process.
     The four state categories such as productivity, quality of sinter. permeability of sintering process and heat-pattern are used to judge the operation mode of sintering process based on the analysis of sintering mechanism, detected variables for judging each state category are chosen depend on experience of sintering experts and detection situation. The mathematics model for recognizing the operation mode of sintering process is developed and combined with knowledge-based model in order to realize the operation mode recognition of sintering process.
     The state of burning through point (BTP) is the mainly dependence for operating on-strand sinter plant. so it is a key middle variable of sintering process. The strategies for controlling the BTP are studied deeply in this paper including judging on-line strategy and prediction strategy, which offers the solution of long time delay and hard-detection of BTP. The adaptive prediction model for BTP based on time-series system identification is established
    ?Ill .
    
    
    
    wa~Jf~
    and used as a tool in comparing three kinds of heat variable, such as the temperature of normal inflexion, the rising point of waste gas temperature curve and the area of waste gas temperature curve. As the result, the rising point of waste gas temperature curve is chosen as the predictive variable of BTP. The adaptive prediction of burning through point based on artificial neural network (ANN) is investigated~ the back-propagation algorithm of ANN is modified and the self-organizing algorithm is put forward, the universal limit new-information on-line training method is proposed in order to meet the need of real-time training of ANN. The adaptive predictor of BTP based on ANN is designed and makes accurate prediction of BTP. The fuzzy control strategy of BTP is proposed according to experience of experts in sintering field. The universal on-line optimal method on fu
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