闽江下游干流水深遥感与河道演变分析
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摘要
随着遥感技术的发展,人们开始了遥感测深方法的探讨。遥感测深方法可以迅速、准确获得大范围、同时相的水深信息,弥补传统水深测量方法的局限。本文运用遥感技术,结合实测水下地形资料和遥感数据,以闽江下游干流竹岐至侯官段为研究对象,以ETM+为数据源,建立了河道水深遥感反演模型。并引入适合二类水体的泥沙遥感参数,对水深模型进行修正,对削弱悬沙对遥感测深影响起到了一定作用。结果表明:(1)与单波段阈值法、水体指数法和条件操作函数三种基于地物波谱特征的方法相比,应用多波段谱间关系法提取研究河段水体信息整体效果较好;(2)应用2003年遥感影像和实测水下地形资料建立的水深遥感反演模型表明,该河段水深与部分波段及波段组合因子为多元线性关系:(3)以10m水深为界,进行分段建模得到的方程反演精度更高,其中10m以下水深反演模型具有更好的适用性;应用二类水体悬浮泥沙反演模式,借鉴适用ETM+影像的低浓度泥沙遥感参数Xs对该水深遥感模型进行修正,最后所得水深模型的平均相对误差为17.08%;(4)利用多波段谱间关系法提取的2001、2002和2003年三期影像水体信息表明,2001年至2003年两年间竹岐至侯官河段的岸线变化复杂;(5)应用建立的水深遥感模型,利用2001、2002和2003年三期遥感影像分别反演研究区水深,水深变化反映出该河段2001～2003年间河床下切严重。
With the development of remote sensing technology, it can be applied to detect the water depth more widely. Compared with traditional methods, RS technology can obtain the water depth information in the same phase and in a large range more quickly and accurately. Combined with the remote sensing data and the underwater topography, the mathematical model with the data source of ETM+ image was built in the lower reach of Minjiang river from Zhuqi to Houguan by RS technology. The low-concentration sediment remote sensing parameter was introduced to modify the regression model. The results showed that: (1) The water bodies in research area have been extracted with the methods of thresholding, spectro-photometric, index models and criteria function, respectively. The results of the test indicate that spectro-photometric has the best performance in the water body extracting. (2) RS-Based retrieval model indicated that depth of the river had a multi-linear relationship with some band and band combinations.(3) Considered 10m as a limit, sub-models were founded. The result illuminated that analog model had a better performance at 0-10m. The low-concentration sediment remote sensing parameter was introduced to modify the regression model. Finally, the average relative error of the RS-Based retrieval model fell to 17.08%. (4) According to the water bodies gained from the RS images in 2001, 2002 and 2003 which were extracted based on spectro-photometric, it was concluded that the shoreline changes complicatedly from Zhuqi to Houguan during 2001-2003. (5) Images in 2001, 2002 and 2003 were used to retrieve the water depth based on RS-Based retrieval model. The results showed that the descending of the riverbed in the reach from Zhuqi to Houguan became severely during 2001-2003.
With the development of remote sensing technology, it can be applied to detect the water depth more widely. Compared with traditional methods, RS technology can obtain the water depth information in the same phase and in a large range more quickly and accurately. Combined with the remote sensing data and the underwater topography, the mathematical model with the data source of ETM+ image was built in the lower reach of Minjiang river from Zhuqi to Houguan by RS technology. The low-concentration sediment remote sensing parameter was introduced to modify the regression model. The results showed that: (1) The water bodies in research area have been extracted with the methods of thresholding, spectro-photometric, index models and criteria function, respectively. The results of the test indicate that spectro-photometric has the best performance in the water body extracting. (2) RS-Based retrieval model indicated that depth of the river had a multi-linear relationship with some band and band combinations.(3) Considered 10m as a limit, sub-models were founded. The result illuminated that analog model had a better performance at 0-10m. The low-concentration sediment remote sensing parameter was introduced to modify the regression model. Finally, the average relative error of the RS-Based retrieval model fell to 17.08%. (4) According to the water bodies gained from the RS images in 2001, 2002 and 2003 which were extracted based on spectro-photometric, it was concluded that the shoreline changes complicatedly from Zhuqi to Houguan during 2001-2003. (5) Images in 2001, 2002 and 2003 were used to retrieve the water depth based on RS-Based retrieval model. The results showed that the descending of the riverbed in the reach from Zhuqi to Houguan became severely during 2001-2003.
引文
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