农村残疾人康复服务保障研究
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摘要
残疾人康复服务保障是残疾人事业中的重要组成部分,为实现“十一五”规划提到的2015年残疾人“人人享有康复服务”这一目标,农村残疾人康复工作也在加紧进行中,然而从目前农村残疾人的康复服务现状来看,在农村地区仍然存在“康复难”这一现象。本文试图以北京市延庆县L乡残疾人康复服务工作为研究对象,从康复工作人员和农村残疾人两个不同角度出发,采用实地访谈、个案分析和问卷调查研究方法,分析目前我国农村残疾人康复服务保障制度存在的问题以及农村康复服务工作开展实施面临瓶颈的原因,从而有针对性的提出完善制度促进农村残疾人康复工作进一步开展实施的建议和对策。
本文分析得出目前农村残疾人康复服务保障制度层面存在的最大问题在于康复经费不足,社区康复与基层卫生相脱节和农村康复服务专业人才匮乏；从农村残疾人角度的实证研究发现残疾人的康复需求得不到满足且满意度不高,尤其是医疗康复和职业康复。结合制度层面和实证研究中发现的问题,笔者认为要尽快建立和健全农村残疾人医疗康复保障体系,同时要加强农村残疾人社区康复服务能力的建设,并加大农村残疾人康复人才培养和队伍建设的力度,还要完善农村残疾人的职业康复体系建设,只有这样才能进一步促进我国农村残疾人康复服务事业更加顺利有效地发展。
Rehabilitation service of people with disabilities plays a significant role in disabled career. In order to achieve the aim that "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" mentioned "each disabled should get the rehabilitation services", the rehabilitation services in rural areas is carried out in tension. However, in the view of our rural area current status, "the difficulty of rehabilitation" phenomenon is still serious. This essay tries to use the material of Yanqing L Xiang area, from the two perspectives:management of rehabilitation and disabled themselves, to do a deep analysis of the problems in the rehabilitation services security system and rehabilitation services in rural areas, also try to find the factors by field interviews, case studies and survey research methods.
In the perspective of rehabilitation services system, inadequate funding of rehabilitation, community rehabilitation not relevant to basic health agencies and the lack of rehabilitation professionals are the three biggest problems; then form the view of the disabled they think they can't get the rehabilitation services they want and they're not satisfied with the service what they get, especially medical rehabilitation and vocational rehabilitation. So base on these problems, the government should establish and improve the medical rehabilitation security system, enhance and strengthen the rural community rehabilitation capacity, increase and support the rehabilitation professionals training, improve the rural vocational rehabilitation system, only in these way our rural rehabilitation career can be promoted and improved effectively and efficiently.
本文分析得出目前农村残疾人康复服务保障制度层面存在的最大问题在于康复经费不足,社区康复与基层卫生相脱节和农村康复服务专业人才匮乏；从农村残疾人角度的实证研究发现残疾人的康复需求得不到满足且满意度不高,尤其是医疗康复和职业康复。结合制度层面和实证研究中发现的问题,笔者认为要尽快建立和健全农村残疾人医疗康复保障体系,同时要加强农村残疾人社区康复服务能力的建设,并加大农村残疾人康复人才培养和队伍建设的力度,还要完善农村残疾人的职业康复体系建设,只有这样才能进一步促进我国农村残疾人康复服务事业更加顺利有效地发展。
Rehabilitation service of people with disabilities plays a significant role in disabled career. In order to achieve the aim that "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" mentioned "each disabled should get the rehabilitation services", the rehabilitation services in rural areas is carried out in tension. However, in the view of our rural area current status, "the difficulty of rehabilitation" phenomenon is still serious. This essay tries to use the material of Yanqing L Xiang area, from the two perspectives:management of rehabilitation and disabled themselves, to do a deep analysis of the problems in the rehabilitation services security system and rehabilitation services in rural areas, also try to find the factors by field interviews, case studies and survey research methods.
In the perspective of rehabilitation services system, inadequate funding of rehabilitation, community rehabilitation not relevant to basic health agencies and the lack of rehabilitation professionals are the three biggest problems; then form the view of the disabled they think they can't get the rehabilitation services they want and they're not satisfied with the service what they get, especially medical rehabilitation and vocational rehabilitation. So base on these problems, the government should establish and improve the medical rehabilitation security system, enhance and strengthen the rural community rehabilitation capacity, increase and support the rehabilitation professionals training, improve the rural vocational rehabilitation system, only in these way our rural rehabilitation career can be promoted and improved effectively and efficiently.
引文
①施继良,彭红,魏志云.北京市六类残疾人康复需求现状分析.中华流行病学杂志,2008,7：30-32
②孙喜斌,曲成毅.北京市听力残疾人群康复需求与服务现状分析.中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2009,32：13-15
③杨俊,庄为岛.社区康复对残疾人事业影响的分析.湖南师范大学学报,2009,1：11-12
④龚文君,周建宇.社区康复——我国残疾人康复事业发展的必由之路.江海纵横,2009,4：22-24
⑤孙树苗,毛艾琳.我国残疾人康复需求与供给研究.湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2009,1：28-31
⑥陈刚,张文红.社区康复对现实残疾人康复服务的影响.医学与哲学,2007,7：33-35
⑦Barry R. Sherman, Joseph J. Cocozza. Stress in Families of the Developmentally Disabled. A Literature Review of Factors Affecting the Decision to Seek Out-of-Home Placements,1986,33:95-103
⑧William G. Johnson. The Future of Disability Policy:Benefit Payments or Civil Rights. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,1997,549:160-172
⑨John N. Smith. Community Responsibility for the Disabled. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,1984,239:87-92
⑩陈琪,励建安.对残疾人康复需要的调查研究.中国康复医学杂志,2000,5：11-13
11 陈耀红,曹雁.北京市智力残疾人康复需求分析.中国康复理论与实践,2008,10：34-36
12 孙喜斌,曲成毅.北京市听力残疾人群康复需求与服务现状分析.中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2009,32：13-14
13 施继良,彭红,魏志云.北京市六类残疾人康复需求现状分析.中华流行病学杂志,2008,7：31-33
14 邱卓英,王博.国际功能残疾和健康分类(ICF)及其应用研究.广东省康复医学会,2005年学术年会论文集
15 孙树菡,毛艾琳.我国残疾人康复需求与供给研究.湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2009,1：28-31
16 程凯.我国残疾人康复工作的回顾与展望.中国康复理论与实践,2008,4：23-25
17 John N. Smith. Community Responsibility for the Disabled. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,1984,239:87-92
18 Lawrence D. Haber. Social Planning for Disability. The journal of human resources, Supplement:work and welfare, 1973,8:33-55
19 林琳. “人人享有康复服务”残疾人健康体检统计.第四届北京国际康复论坛,2004：44-47
20 刘金峰.解读新医改方案探索残疾人医疗保障.中国残疾人,2009,7：1516
21 黄永禧,焦志强.关于实现残疾人“人人享有康复服务”的探讨.中国康复理论与实践,2003,6：23-25
22 邓朴方.开拓创新扎实工作实现残疾人“人人享有康复服务”.中国残疾人,2002,10：23-26
23 林琳. “人人享有康复服务”残疾人健康体检统计.第四届北京国际康复论坛,2004：33-36
24 赵睇尊.中国残疾人“人人享有康复服务”评价指标体系探讨.2005年国际康复论坛论文集：33-38
25 郭丽云.残疾人“人人享有康复服务”评价指标体系的研究.中国残疾人,2007,5：11-13
26 Rubin SE, Chan F, Thomas D. Assessing changes in life skills and quality of life resulting from rehabilitation services. Journal of Rehabilitation,2003,69:4-9
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31 Chapin MH, Miller SM, Ferrin JM, et al. Psychometric validation of a subjective well-being measure for Canadians with spinal cord injuries. Disability and Rehabilitation,2004,26:135-142
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②孙喜斌,曲成毅.北京市听力残疾人群康复需求与服务现状分析.中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2009,32：13-15
③杨俊,庄为岛.社区康复对残疾人事业影响的分析.湖南师范大学学报,2009,1：11-12
④龚文君,周建宇.社区康复——我国残疾人康复事业发展的必由之路.江海纵横,2009,4：22-24
⑤孙树苗,毛艾琳.我国残疾人康复需求与供给研究.湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2009,1：28-31
⑥陈刚,张文红.社区康复对现实残疾人康复服务的影响.医学与哲学,2007,7：33-35
⑦Barry R. Sherman, Joseph J. Cocozza. Stress in Families of the Developmentally Disabled. A Literature Review of Factors Affecting the Decision to Seek Out-of-Home Placements,1986,33:95-103
⑧William G. Johnson. The Future of Disability Policy:Benefit Payments or Civil Rights. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,1997,549:160-172
⑨John N. Smith. Community Responsibility for the Disabled. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,1984,239:87-92
⑩陈琪,励建安.对残疾人康复需要的调查研究.中国康复医学杂志,2000,5：11-13
11 陈耀红,曹雁.北京市智力残疾人康复需求分析.中国康复理论与实践,2008,10：34-36
12 孙喜斌,曲成毅.北京市听力残疾人群康复需求与服务现状分析.中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2009,32：13-14
13 施继良,彭红,魏志云.北京市六类残疾人康复需求现状分析.中华流行病学杂志,2008,7：31-33
14 邱卓英,王博.国际功能残疾和健康分类(ICF)及其应用研究.广东省康复医学会,2005年学术年会论文集
15 孙树菡,毛艾琳.我国残疾人康复需求与供给研究.湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2009,1：28-31
16 程凯.我国残疾人康复工作的回顾与展望.中国康复理论与实践,2008,4：23-25
17 John N. Smith. Community Responsibility for the Disabled. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,1984,239:87-92
18 Lawrence D. Haber. Social Planning for Disability. The journal of human resources, Supplement:work and welfare, 1973,8:33-55
19 林琳. “人人享有康复服务”残疾人健康体检统计.第四届北京国际康复论坛,2004：44-47
20 刘金峰.解读新医改方案探索残疾人医疗保障.中国残疾人,2009,7：1516
21 黄永禧,焦志强.关于实现残疾人“人人享有康复服务”的探讨.中国康复理论与实践,2003,6：23-25
22 邓朴方.开拓创新扎实工作实现残疾人“人人享有康复服务”.中国残疾人,2002,10：23-26
23 林琳. “人人享有康复服务”残疾人健康体检统计.第四届北京国际康复论坛,2004：33-36
24 赵睇尊.中国残疾人“人人享有康复服务”评价指标体系探讨.2005年国际康复论坛论文集：33-38
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