鳞翅目幼虫对呈味物质的取食反应和甘蓝田套种非寄主植物的驱虫效果
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摘要
作者利用正交设计法对6种基本呈味物质进行组合,测试了对菜粉蝶幼虫和棉铃虫幼虫取食量的影响;并比较了与甘蓝间作的芳香植物种类及距离对桃蚜种群数量和菜粉蝶卵量分布的影响。结果如下:
(1)鳞翅目幼虫对基本呈味物质的取食选择反应
菜粉蝶幼虫的测试结果表明:无论在选择性条件下,还是在非选择性条件下,对菜粉蝶幼虫的取食量影响最大的是辣椒提取物,其次是花椒提取物和蔗糖溶液,后两者的效应基本相当;并且菜青虫拒食率与辣椒和花椒提取物的剂量之间均呈抛物线型关系。
棉铃虫幼虫的测试结果表明:影响最大的2种呈味物质是氯化钠和花椒提取物,二者存在显著增效作用。其中,在选择性条件下,棉铃虫幼虫取食量与花椒提取物剂量显著相关;而在非选择性条件下,棉铃虫幼虫取食量与NaCl剂量显著相关。供试酸味物质在非选择性试验条件下拒食活性也较强。棉铃虫幼虫对用甜味、苦味和辣味物质处理的烟草叶片取食选择率较高,表现出有较好的适应性。
从二者的比较可以得知:对菜粉蝶幼虫取食量影响最明显的是辣椒提取物,且会因加入蔗糖液而增效;而对棉铃虫幼虫取食量影响较大的2种呈味物质是氯化钠和花椒提取物,二者也存在显著增效作用。也就是说,广食性的棉铃虫拒食物质的味感模式为“咸+麻”;而寡食性的菜青虫拒食物质的味感模式为“甜+辣+麻”。另外,菜粉蝶幼虫对呈味物质的反应多呈抛物线型,而棉铃虫则呈直线型,说明在供试剂量下,菜粉蝶幼虫的味觉感受器更易钝化。
本试验的许多呈味物质组合对棉铃虫和菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食率达到了100%,远高于从天然植物产物中筛选的拒食剂取得的效果,说明从人类基本呈味物质的新视角筛选植食性昆虫拒食物质是可行的。
(2)甘蓝田套种非寄主植物对主要害虫的驱避效果
作者调查了与5种非寄主植物套种的甘蓝植株上菜粉蝶的产卵量。结果表明,在5种套种植物中,与茴香套种的甘蓝上菜粉蝶的产卵量最少。在这些套种植物周围0.5~1.5 m距离内的甘蓝上的产卵量存在极显著差异,离套种非寄主植物越近的甘蓝植株上产卵量越低。
进一步调查了与8种非寄主植物套种的甘蓝植株上菜蚜的数量。结果表明,与芫荽套种的甘蓝上蔬菜蚜虫的数量最少。这些套种植物周围0.5~1.5 m距离内甘蓝上的菜蚜数量没有显著性差异。
the author tested the effects of orthogonal combinations of six basic tastants on feeding amounts of Pieris rapae and Helicoverpa armegira larvae using leaf disk bioassay, then analyzed the effects of aroma intercrops and spaces on vegetable aphids population and P. rapae eggs deposited on Brassica oleracea plants. The main results are summarized as follows.
(1)Feeding choice response of Lepidopteral larvae to basic tastant combinations
P. rapae larvae: whether under choice condition or under non-choice condition, C.annuum extract showed strongest effect on the feeding amount of P. rapae larvae, followed by Z. bungeanum extract and sucros saturated solution. The anti-feeding percentage and the dosages of Capsicum annuum extracts and Z. bungeanum extracts showed parabolic-shaped relationship.
H. armegira larvae: NaCl and Z. bungeanum extracts synergistically showed the strongest anti-feeding effect. The feeding amounts of the larvae had significant relations to the dosages of Z. bungeanum extract and NaCl solution under choice and non-choice conditions, respectively.
The comparison indicated that the mode of feeding deterrent of H. armegira larvae was“salty plus spicy”, while that of P. rapae larvae is“sweet plus hot plus spicy”. Meanwhile, the response curve of P. rapae larvae to tastants exhibited parabolic-shaped relationship, while that of H. armegira larvae exhibited linear shape, suggesting that the gustatory receptors of the formmer was easier to be passivated.
Moreover, the anti-feeding percentages of many tastant combinations used in our study to the larvae of H. armegira and P. rapae reached up to 100%, being higher than plant-derived products in traditional researches, suggesting that the screening of anti-feeding substances from human basic tastants was available.
(2)Repellent effect of intercrop with non-host plants of main pest in B. oleracea field.
The author investigated the eggs deposited on B. oleracea plants intercropped with five non-host plant species. The results showed that the eggs deposited on B. oleracea plants intercropped with F.l vulgare was least; eggs deposited on B. oleracea plants at different distances ranging at 0.5~1.5 m from the intercrops showed extremly significant difference, and the eggs deposited on the B. oleracea plants nearer from the intercrops were less.
The author further investigated aphid number distributed on B. oleracea plants intercropped with eight non-host plant species. The results showed that aphids on B. oleracea plants intercropped with C. sativum were the least, and aphid numbers on B. oleracea plants at different distances (ranging from 0.5~1.5 m) from the intercrops had no significant difference.
(1)鳞翅目幼虫对基本呈味物质的取食选择反应
菜粉蝶幼虫的测试结果表明:无论在选择性条件下,还是在非选择性条件下,对菜粉蝶幼虫的取食量影响最大的是辣椒提取物,其次是花椒提取物和蔗糖溶液,后两者的效应基本相当;并且菜青虫拒食率与辣椒和花椒提取物的剂量之间均呈抛物线型关系。
棉铃虫幼虫的测试结果表明:影响最大的2种呈味物质是氯化钠和花椒提取物,二者存在显著增效作用。其中,在选择性条件下,棉铃虫幼虫取食量与花椒提取物剂量显著相关;而在非选择性条件下,棉铃虫幼虫取食量与NaCl剂量显著相关。供试酸味物质在非选择性试验条件下拒食活性也较强。棉铃虫幼虫对用甜味、苦味和辣味物质处理的烟草叶片取食选择率较高,表现出有较好的适应性。
从二者的比较可以得知:对菜粉蝶幼虫取食量影响最明显的是辣椒提取物,且会因加入蔗糖液而增效;而对棉铃虫幼虫取食量影响较大的2种呈味物质是氯化钠和花椒提取物,二者也存在显著增效作用。也就是说,广食性的棉铃虫拒食物质的味感模式为“咸+麻”;而寡食性的菜青虫拒食物质的味感模式为“甜+辣+麻”。另外,菜粉蝶幼虫对呈味物质的反应多呈抛物线型,而棉铃虫则呈直线型,说明在供试剂量下,菜粉蝶幼虫的味觉感受器更易钝化。
本试验的许多呈味物质组合对棉铃虫和菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食率达到了100%,远高于从天然植物产物中筛选的拒食剂取得的效果,说明从人类基本呈味物质的新视角筛选植食性昆虫拒食物质是可行的。
(2)甘蓝田套种非寄主植物对主要害虫的驱避效果
作者调查了与5种非寄主植物套种的甘蓝植株上菜粉蝶的产卵量。结果表明,在5种套种植物中,与茴香套种的甘蓝上菜粉蝶的产卵量最少。在这些套种植物周围0.5~1.5 m距离内的甘蓝上的产卵量存在极显著差异,离套种非寄主植物越近的甘蓝植株上产卵量越低。
进一步调查了与8种非寄主植物套种的甘蓝植株上菜蚜的数量。结果表明,与芫荽套种的甘蓝上蔬菜蚜虫的数量最少。这些套种植物周围0.5~1.5 m距离内甘蓝上的菜蚜数量没有显著性差异。
the author tested the effects of orthogonal combinations of six basic tastants on feeding amounts of Pieris rapae and Helicoverpa armegira larvae using leaf disk bioassay, then analyzed the effects of aroma intercrops and spaces on vegetable aphids population and P. rapae eggs deposited on Brassica oleracea plants. The main results are summarized as follows.
(1)Feeding choice response of Lepidopteral larvae to basic tastant combinations
P. rapae larvae: whether under choice condition or under non-choice condition, C.annuum extract showed strongest effect on the feeding amount of P. rapae larvae, followed by Z. bungeanum extract and sucros saturated solution. The anti-feeding percentage and the dosages of Capsicum annuum extracts and Z. bungeanum extracts showed parabolic-shaped relationship.
H. armegira larvae: NaCl and Z. bungeanum extracts synergistically showed the strongest anti-feeding effect. The feeding amounts of the larvae had significant relations to the dosages of Z. bungeanum extract and NaCl solution under choice and non-choice conditions, respectively.
The comparison indicated that the mode of feeding deterrent of H. armegira larvae was“salty plus spicy”, while that of P. rapae larvae is“sweet plus hot plus spicy”. Meanwhile, the response curve of P. rapae larvae to tastants exhibited parabolic-shaped relationship, while that of H. armegira larvae exhibited linear shape, suggesting that the gustatory receptors of the formmer was easier to be passivated.
Moreover, the anti-feeding percentages of many tastant combinations used in our study to the larvae of H. armegira and P. rapae reached up to 100%, being higher than plant-derived products in traditional researches, suggesting that the screening of anti-feeding substances from human basic tastants was available.
(2)Repellent effect of intercrop with non-host plants of main pest in B. oleracea field.
The author investigated the eggs deposited on B. oleracea plants intercropped with five non-host plant species. The results showed that the eggs deposited on B. oleracea plants intercropped with F.l vulgare was least; eggs deposited on B. oleracea plants at different distances ranging at 0.5~1.5 m from the intercrops showed extremly significant difference, and the eggs deposited on the B. oleracea plants nearer from the intercrops were less.
The author further investigated aphid number distributed on B. oleracea plants intercropped with eight non-host plant species. The results showed that aphids on B. oleracea plants intercropped with C. sativum were the least, and aphid numbers on B. oleracea plants at different distances (ranging from 0.5~1.5 m) from the intercrops had no significant difference.
引文
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